1.Hepatitis B examination and recognition change after 1 year in girls' high school students.
Ill Hwan KIM ; Ok Min KIM ; Chul Gab LEE
Journal of the Korean Academy of Family Medicine 2001;22(8):1271-1278
BACKGROUND: Korea Academy of Family Medicine recommands HBsAb and HBsAb test in youth health promotion program. Adequate management are necessary for prevention of vertical transmission at perinatal period, especially girls' high school students as a future's conceivable woman. Health examination program for the first grade students of high school which was established by the Educational Ministry has been acted since 1998. So, through the students health examination we'd like to find an adequate method of prevention and management in hepatitis B. METHODS: Our study examines HBs Ag/Ab about girls' high school students at two high schools in a city. According to the results of hepatitis B, active intervention in carrier group, passive intervention in candidate were done. And then a year later, hepatitis B management was investigated through the questionnaire. RESULTS: In active intervention group, regular check up of hepatitis B is 21.4%, hepatitis B blood test in family is 39.3% and in passive intervention group, hepatitis B vaccination rate after health examiantion is 9.1%. CONCLUSION: More active intervention such as mass vaccination are required in health examination for the purpose of hepatitis B management at youth.
Adolescent
;
Female
;
Health Promotion
;
Hematologic Tests
;
Hepatitis B*
;
Hepatitis*
;
Humans
;
Korea
;
Mass Vaccination
;
Vaccination
;
Surveys and Questionnaires
2.Mucosal vaccine adjuvants update.
Joon Haeng RHEE ; Shee Eun LEE ; Soo Young KIM
Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research 2012;1(1):50-63
Mucosal vaccination, capable of inducing protective immune responses both in the mucosal and systemic immune compartments, has many advantages and is regarded as a blue ocean in the vaccine industry. Mucosal vaccines can offer lower costs, better accessability, needle-free delivery, and higher capacity of mass immunizations during pandemics. However, only very limited number of mucosal vaccines was approved for human use in the market yet. Generally, induction of immune responses following mucosal immunization requires the co-administration of appropriate adjuvants that can initiate and support the effective collaboration between innate and adaptive immunity. Classically, adjuvant researches were rather empirical than keenly scientific. However, during last several years, fundamental scientific achievements in innate immunity have been translated into the development of new mucosal adjuvants. This review focuses on recent developments in the concepts of adjuvants and innate immunity, mucosal immunity with special interest of vaccine development, and basic and applied researches in mucosal adjuvant.
Achievement
;
Adaptive Immunity
;
Cooperative Behavior
;
Humans
;
Immunity, Innate
;
Immunity, Mucosal
;
Immunization
;
Mass Vaccination
;
Pandemics
;
Vaccination
;
Vaccines
3.Immunogenicity and efficacy of Rabivac vaccine for animal rabies control in Morocco.
Sami DARKAOUI ; Ouafaa FASSI FIHRI ; Jean Luc SCHEREFFER ; Nadia ABOULFIDAA ; Marine WASNIEWSKI ; Karima ZOUINE ; Mohammed BOUSLIKHANE ; Khadija Id Sidi YAHIA ; Florence CLIQUET
Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research 2016;5(1):60-69
PURPOSE: To fight animal rabies, Moroccan veterinary authorities organize annual dog mass vaccination campaigns using Rabivac vaccine, an inactivated adjuvanted cell culture veterinary rabies vaccine. Two experiments were undertaken to assess the efficacy and immunogenicity of Rabivac. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The first experiment involved 13 caged dogs (8 vaccinated and 5 negative controls). Dogs were bled at day 0 (D0) and at days D7, D14, D21, D28, D35, D49, D56, D64, D70, D77, D84, D91, D98, D105, D112, and D119 post-vaccination. At D121, a virulent challenge was performed. After 70 days monitoring period, seven out of eight vaccinated dogs survived the challenge (one dog succumbed to a mesenteric torsion accident) and four out of five controls succumbed. All vaccinated dogs seroconverted and the control dogs remained negative. The second experiment consisted in a field study involving 919 owned dogs randomly selected in eight Moroccan districts located in different parts of the country. The dogs were identified and vaccinated by the parenteral route and bled on the vaccination day (D0) and on D30. RESULTS: Ninety-two percent of dogs developed a positive rabies virus neutralizing antibody response to vaccination and 24% were positive at D0, suggesting that dogs were previously vaccinated. The increase in rabies antibody titers was highly significant in all districts. No significant difference seemed occurring between the geographical status (rural, semiurban, or urban) of the districts on the results obtained. CONCLUSION: Rabivac is efficacious both in experimental and field conditions. This supports its use in dog mass vaccination campaigns.
Animals*
;
Antibodies, Neutralizing
;
Cell Culture Techniques
;
Dogs
;
Mass Vaccination
;
Morocco*
;
Rabies Vaccines
;
Rabies virus
;
Rabies*
;
Vaccination
4.Data Fitting and Scenario Analysis of Vaccination in the 2014 Ebola Outbreak in Liberia
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives 2019;10(3):187-201
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to extend an epidemiological model (SEIHFR) to analyze epidemic trends, and evaluate intervention efficacy. METHODS: SEIHFR was modified to examine disease transmission dynamics after vaccination for the Ebola outbreak. Using existing data from Liberia, sensitivity analysis of various epidemic scenarios was used to inform the model structure, estimate the basic reproduction number ℜ₀ and investigate how the vaccination could effectively change the course of the epidemic. RESULTS: If a randomized mass vaccination strategy was adopted, vaccines would be administered prophylactically or as early as possible (depending on the availability of vaccines). An effective vaccination rate threshold for Liberia was estimated as 48.74% among susceptible individuals. If a ring vaccination strategy was adopted to control the spread of the Ebola virus, vaccines would be given to reduce the transmission rate improving the tracing rate of the contact persons of an infected individual. CONCLUSION: The extended SEIHFR model predicted the total number of infected cases, number of deaths, number of recoveries, and duration of outbreaks among others with different levels of interventions such as vaccination rate. This model may be used to better understand the spread of Ebola and develop strategies that may achieve a disease-free state.
Africa, Western
;
Basic Reproduction Number
;
Disease Outbreaks
;
Ebolavirus
;
Humans
;
Liberia
;
Mass Vaccination
;
Vaccination
;
Vaccines
6.Recent Advances in Cervical Cancer Vaccine Development.
Korean Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2005;48(6):1377-1389
Human papillomavirus infection is often transient and spontaneously reversible. High-risk human papillomavirus persistence is the major cause of cancerous transformation in several tissues. For prophylactic vaccines there is first clinical evidence of effectivity (ie, 100% protection from HPV infection and dysplasia by virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies). Also, Therapeutic vaccines have entered clinical evaluation. While prophylactic VLP vaccines are immunogenic per se, therapeutic vaccines will need further adjuvants to guide T cell differentiation, expansion, survival, and homing to tumor sites. To enhance clinical outcome of successful T cell induction in patients, the susceptibility of the tumor cells for lysis must be addressed in the future, since tumor immune evasion is a severe problem in cervical cancer. Both preventive and therapeutic human papillomavirus vaccinations will probably change our approach to the screening and therapy of human papillomavirus-related diseases in the next few years. The mass vaccination of adolescent patients should lower the frequency of these very frequently lethal infections.
Adolescent
;
Cell Differentiation
;
Humans
;
Mass Screening
;
Mass Vaccination
;
Papillomavirus Infections
;
Tumor Escape
;
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*
;
Vaccination
;
Vaccines
7.Government Measures against Pandemic Influenza.
Jong Koo LEE ; Eun Kyeong JEONG ; Han Sung LEE
Journal of the Korean Medical Association 2010;53(1):52-58
The alert regarding the emergence of novel influenza was issued by the WHO on April 24th, and the government has taken immediate actions to respond to the situation since then. Based on the presumption that a pandemic was imminent, countermeasures for the H1N1 influenza pandemic have been prepared by establishing and implementing effective public health crisis strategies over the past few years. Our main strategy during the pandemic influenza crisis has shifted in accord with the corresponding National Disaster Phases. In the Caution (Containment) Phase, our main goal was to contain the influx of disease from overseas. We focused on measures such as entry screening and quarantine inspection while monitoring travelers arriving from affected countries. In the Alert Phase I, our aim was deceleration and prevention of secondary community outbreaks through enhanced early detection. We intensified our surveillance and response system for possible mass outbreaks. During Alert Phase II, as the influenza had spread widely, our tactics switched to minimizing social and economic impact and preventing severe cases with early administration of antiviral agents, especially among high-risk patients. In the current Severe Phase, we are trying to reduce mortality cases with intensive care. Since we have implemented mass vaccination, we predict an early termination of the pandemic.
Antiviral Agents
;
Critical Care
;
Containment of Biohazards
;
Deceleration
;
Disasters
;
Disease Outbreaks
;
Humans
;
Influenza, Human
;
Mass Screening
;
Mass Vaccination
;
Pandemics
;
Public Health
;
Quarantine
;
Vaccination
8.Comparison of Methods for the Detection of Anti-HBs for Hepatitis B Vaccination Program in Korea.
Hae Sook SOHN ; Jeong Nyeo LEE ; Sang Hwa URM ; Jong Tae LEE ; Jin Ho CHUN
Korean Journal of Preventive Medicine 2000;33(2):226-230
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to suggest a proper method for the detection of heaptitis B surface antibody(anti-HBs) in a screening program for hepatitis B vaccination. METHODS: Sensivitity, specificity and predictive values were compared between Immunochromatographic assay (ICA) and passive hemagglutination(PHA) in 978 subjects(565 males, 413 females, 19-78 years ranging in age, mean 46.5 years old). EIA was used as a standard method for the detection of HBsAb. RESULTS: Sensitivity in the detection of anti-HBs of PHA and ICA was 88.7% and 94.9%, specificity was 94.3% and 96.6%, negative predictive value was 96.5% and 98.0%, and positive predictive value was 82.3% and 91.3%, respectively. False negative rate(11.3%) of PHA was higher than that(5.1%) of ICA. The higher the titer of anti-HBs in EIA was, the lower the false negative rate was. There was no false negative result in the cases with 101mIU/ml or more in EIA. CONCLUSION: We suggest that ICA should be the choice of screening method in the detection of anti-HBs in Hepatitis B vaccination program.
Female
;
Hepatitis B*
;
Hepatitis*
;
Humans
;
Immunochromatography
;
Korea*
;
Male
;
Mass Screening
;
Sensitivity and Specificity
;
Vaccination*
9.A Study on Current Status of University Health Care Programs.
Hyun Sook JO ; Jeong Mo PARK ; Jeong Hee PARK ; Sung Eun YI
Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education 2015;21(4):540-549
PURPOSE: To identify current status of university health care program. METHODS: Data and information from homepages of 309 colleges or universities in South Korea were collected. The data was analyzed by frequencies, t-test, chi2 test with SPSS Ver. 18.0. RESULTS: 117(37.9%) universities had organization of health care. Whether university had health care program or not had shown significantly depended on number of students, types of school (university or college), region, and existence of medical and nursing course. Medical course was shown as a strong predictor for facilitating university health care program limitedly focusing on diseases treatment. Health promotion programs have been operated in 15 universities, vaccination programs in 10 universities, and health screening in 20 universities. CONCLUSION: It is strongly recommended to revise the School Health Law for constructing a comprehensive university health care program consolidating health counseling and physical training.
Counseling
;
Delivery of Health Care*
;
Health Promotion
;
Humans
;
Jurisprudence
;
Korea
;
Mass Screening
;
Nursing
;
School Health Services
;
Vaccination
10.A Case of Meningococcal Meningitis with Complement 9 Deficiency.
Sun Mee CHOI ; Kyung Yil LEE ; Hyung Shin LEE ; Ja Hyun HONG ; Mi Hee LEE ; Byung Churl LEE
Korean Journal of Pediatrics 2005;48(1):101-103
Meningococcal disease is not rarely associated with abnormalities of the complement system. We experienced a case of C9 deficiency with meningococcal meningitis from a 12-year-old girl. Identification of complement deficiency has implications for management, including family studies, prophylaxis, vaccination, and altered threshold for infection screening and treatment.
Child
;
Complement C9*
;
Complement System Proteins*
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Mass Screening
;
Meningitis
;
Meningitis, Meningococcal*
;
Neisseria meningitidis
;
Vaccination