This study was carried out to compare the nutrition knowledge, nutrition attitudes and eating behaviors of dietitians and non-dietitians. The subjects of this study were 148 dietitians and 195 non-dietitians who are working in the metropolitan area. The general characteristics, nutrition knowledge, nutrition attitudes and eating behaviors of the subjects were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire. The results were as follows: The result of anthropometric data and body mass index showed no significant differences between dietitians and non-dietitians groups. The dietitian group (16.61 +/- 1.82) showed a significant difference (p < 0.001) compared to the non-dietitian group (14.60 +/- 2.17) in nutrition knowledge scores. Nutrition attitudes of the dietitian group (36.66 +/- 6.91) was a little higher than the non-dietitian group (36.21 +/- 7.95), but not a significant difference. The dietitian group (61.52 +/- 9.37) and the non-dietitian group (62.50 +/- 11.25) were no significant difference in eating behaviors. The correlation between nutrition knowledge scores and nutrition attitudes score of dietitians and non-dietitians groups were no significantly difference and also the correlation between nutrition knowledge scores and eating behaviors scores were not statistically significance. Whereas, the correlation between nutrition attitudes and eating behaviors showed a significant difference (dietitian r = 0.40829, nondietitian r = 0.51914). From these results, we could see the necessity of emphasis of nutrition knowledge by mending the education is necessary to enable dietitians to apply that in real life. Also it is important to guide non-dietitians to adjust their nutrition knowledge, nutrition attitudes and eating behaviors.
Body Mass Index ; Eating ; Feeding Behavior

The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between physical activity level, sedentary behaviour and eating habits with obesity indices of body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)) among Jordanian adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the capital city of Jordan, Amman. The participants were 735 secondary school males (386) and females (349) aged 14-18 years who were randomly selected using a multistage stratified cluster sampling technique. Weight, height, BMI, waist circumference (WC), WHtR, screen time, physical activity level, and eating habits were assessed. Results: Compared with males, females were significantly (p<0.05) less physically active, skipped breakfast more frequently, consumed more sweets and potato chips and had less fruits and milk intake. The results of analysis of covariance showed that overweight and obesity (based on BMI or WHtR categories) were significantly (p< 0.05) different with regard to gender, type of school, lower intakes (<3 d/week) of breakfast, milk and sugar sweetened drinks. Conclusion: Knowledge of the factors that contribute to obesity could be used in preventive programmes for the control of obesity among adolescents in Jordan. Promotion of physical activity and healthy dietary habits among Jordanian adolescents is urgently needed.
Obesity ; Eating ; Feeding Behavior ; Body Mass Index ; Life Style

Objectives: The study aims to determine whether there is an association of perceived weight status with unhealthy diet practices. Method: An analytic cross-sectional study was conducted among 625 adult undergraduate students from U.P. Manila. The survey included questions regarding sociodemographic status, habits related to diet and weight management, and perceived body mass index (BMI). Actual BMI were obtained and calculated from actual anthropomorphic measurements. Results: In the population surveyed, it was seen that 53.28% of the students accurately perceived their BMI status, 26.08% overestimated their BMI status, while 17.28% underestimated their BMI status. It was also seen that over-estimating of BMI status is more associated with unhealthy diet practices. Those who over estimated their BMI were 1.95 times more likely to skip meals (p=0.001) and 1.56 times more likely to engage in cutting of food (p=0.034). Physical activity was also seen to be associated with these practices. Conclusion Over-estimation of BMI may be linked to unrealistic goals in weight loss resulting in unhealthier diet-related habits.
Body Mass Index ; Weight Perception ; Feeding Behavior ; Diet ; Exercise

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Child Sexual Behavior Inventory (CSBI) in Korean children aged from 6 to 12 years old and the suitability of and potential for clinical application of the CSBI in Korean population. METHODS: The participants consisted of 158 typically growing children and 122 sexually abused children. The subjects were evaluated using the Korean version of the Child Sexual Behavior Inventory (CSBI), the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Young Children (TSCYC). Internal consistency was examined as a measure of reliability. To investigate the concurrent validity, Pearson's correlations were calculated. One-way ANCOVA was used to demonstrate discriminant validity. RESULTS: The Cronbach's alpha value was 0.84. The CSBI total score was moderately correlated with the CBCL subscales and mildly correlated with the sexual concern subscale of the TSCYC. The total score of the CSBI for the sexually abused children group was significantly higher than that of typically growing children group. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that the Korean version of the Child Sexual Abuse Inventory (CSBI) is a reliable and valid tool. It can be applied in the clinical field for assessing the sexual behavior of Korean children aged from 6 to 12 who are suspected to have been sexually abused.
Checklist ; Child Abuse, Sexual ; Child Behavior ; Child* ; Humans ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Reproducibility of Results* ; Sexual Behavior*

OBJECTIVETo describe the different sex, age and grade distribution of coping behavior and its psychological effects on weight, and to analyze the correlation between overweight, obesity and unhealthy psycho-behaviors related to weight control in adolescents.

METHODSA survey was conducted among students of grade 1 and grade 2 at a junior middle school in Hefei. Students completed the anonymous. questionnaire including the demographic characteristics of adolescents and parents, self-assessed weight status and adolescents' psycho-behaviors related to weight control. Anthropometric measures were taken together with body mass index (BMI) calculated. Students were divided into obesity,overweight and control groups by BMI separate criteria and by self reporting, respectively.

RESULTSAmong all the students, 17.4% reported having unhealthy psychological feelings related to weight control including 3.8% reported having unhealthy behaviors related to weight control and 19.1% of them reported having unhealthy psycho-behaviors related to weight control. The rates of unhealthy psychological feelings, unhealthy behaviors and total unhealthy psycho-behaviors related to weight control among girls (20.6%, 4.3%, 22.6%) were all higher than those among boys (14.5%, 3.3%, 15.8%) (P < 0.05). The rates of unhealthy psychological feelings, unhealthy behaviors and total unhealthy psycho-behaviors related to weight control in obese individuals both assessed by BMI and assessed by self reporting appeared to be the highest (P < 0.05). In addition,data showed that obesity and overweight assessed both by BMI separate criteria and by self-reporting appeared positive correlations with the rates of unhealthy psycho-behaviors related to weight control. Moreover, the relationship between obesity or overweight assessed by the two methods and unhealthy psycho-behaviors related to weight control did not alter by other factors.

CONCLUSIONUnhealthy psycho-behaviors related to weight control of girls are more severe than boys. The relationship between obesity and unhealthy psychological feelings and behaviors related to weight control does not alter by other factors such as social factors.

Adolescent ; Adolescent Behavior ; psychology ; Body Mass Index ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity ; psychology ; Overweight ; psychology ; Students ; psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVES: REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) has received little attention in epidemiologic studies. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of probable REM sleep behavior disorder (pRBD) in the elderly population and its clinical features. METHODS: A random sample of 1,588 was selected from a roster of 14,050 elderly population living in Osan city. The subjects were asked to fill out the REM sleep behavior disorder screening questionnaire (RBDSQ). Subjects whose score were 5 or higher on RBDSQ underwent a diagnostic phase of person-to-person assessment by experts in RBD. RESULTS: Among 1,588 subjects, 886 elderly subjects participated in the screening phase and 123 subjects were assessed in the diagnostic phase. Eleven subjects were diagnosed as having pRBD, so prevalence was 1.5% (95% CI=0.70-2.30%). The frequency of depression and cognitive decline was significantly increased in patients with pRBD compared to subjects without pRBD, and there was no difference in sleep disturbances between two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Probable REM sleep behavior disorder is not rare in the elderly but frequently under-recognized. More attention should be paid to evaluation and treatment of RBD.
Aged ; Depression ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; REM Sleep Behavior Disorder ; Sleep, REM

Mucosal vaccination, capable of inducing protective immune responses both in the mucosal and systemic immune compartments, has many advantages and is regarded as a blue ocean in the vaccine industry. Mucosal vaccines can offer lower costs, better accessability, needle-free delivery, and higher capacity of mass immunizations during pandemics. However, only very limited number of mucosal vaccines was approved for human use in the market yet. Generally, induction of immune responses following mucosal immunization requires the co-administration of appropriate adjuvants that can initiate and support the effective collaboration between innate and adaptive immunity. Classically, adjuvant researches were rather empirical than keenly scientific. However, during last several years, fundamental scientific achievements in innate immunity have been translated into the development of new mucosal adjuvants. This review focuses on recent developments in the concepts of adjuvants and innate immunity, mucosal immunity with special interest of vaccine development, and basic and applied researches in mucosal adjuvant.
Achievement ; Adaptive Immunity ; Cooperative Behavior ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Immunity, Mucosal ; Immunization ; Mass Vaccination ; Pandemics ; Vaccination ; Vaccines

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to investigate a cut-off value for screening children with ADHD in community based sample using the Korean Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL) and the Korean ADHD Rating Scale (K-ARS). METHODS: Children aged 6 to 8 (n=661) participated in this study. The K-CBCL and the K-ARS were used as the screening instruments. Diagnoses were confirmed through the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV (DISC-IV). RESULTS: Of the 189 subjects who underwent the DISC-IV, 26 subjects were diagnosed as ADHD. In the K-CBCL, scores in the attention problems, externalizing problems and total behavioral problems were positively correlated with the total score of the K-ARS. The K-ARS-Parent version (K-ARS-P) and above three scales in the K-CBCL showed significant screening validity in the ROC curve analysis. The reasonable level of sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value were obtained in the total scores > or =90th percentile in the K-ARS-Parent and > or =60T scores in the K-CBCL attention problems. The optimal level of specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were obtained when combined the K-CBCL (> or =60T scores in the attention problems and > or =63T scores in the total problems) and the total scores > or =90th percentile in the K-ARS-P. CONCLUSION: The combined use of the K-CBCL and the K-ARS-P may serve as useful screening methods for ADHD children.
Aged ; Appointments and Schedules ; Checklist ; Child ; Child Behavior ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Weights and Measures

OBJECTIVE: Throughout the past several years, there have been a number of entertainment celebrity suicides in South Korea. The aim of this study was to investigate the clustering of suicides following celebrities' suicides in South Korea from 2005 to 2008, particularly according to certain characteristics. METHODS: Seven celebrity suicides were examined and defined using the Korean Integrated Newspaper Database System (KINDS) and from these, we considered four affected periods occurring 28 days after each celebrity's suicide. A Poisson time-series autoregression model was used to estimate the relative risk of the total suicide number for each affected period from 2005 to 2008. Logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate whether there were specific increases in the numbers of suicides in subgroups matching each celebrity. RESULTS: There were significant increases in the risk of suicide during the affected periods. Remarkable increases were found in the subgroups matching each celebrity, especially in the group in which all factors (sex, age, and method) were similar. CONCLUSION: This study provides confirmation that a significant copycat effect was induced by these celebrities' suicides, especially among people who identified more with the celebrities. This implies that countermeasures for upright media coverage of celebrity suicides should be discussed and practiced properly in South Korea.
Imitative Behavior ; Korea* ; Logistic Models ; Mass Media ; Periodicals ; Republic of Korea ; Risk Factors ; Suicide*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine reliability and validity of the Eysenck personality questionnaire which is a well-known measure for risk of addictive personality, and to suggest criteria for screening the adolescent addictive personality. METHODS: The participants were 988 adolescents from four middle schools and four high schools. Reliability, sensitivity and specificity in the ROC curve, and validity were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The internal consistency reliability of the addictive personality scale was .88. There were statistically significant correlations among addictive personality, self-control, and addictive behaviors, which indicate the scale has validity. Also the cutoff of classification of addictive personality in adolescents was indicated by the ROC curve. CONCLUSION: The above findings indicate that the addictive personality scale has good validity, reliability, cutoff for screening when used with adolescents.
Adolescent* ; Behavior, Addictive ; Classification ; Humans ; Mass Screening* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Reproducibility of Results ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity