This study was carried out to compare the nutrition knowledge, nutrition attitudes and eating behaviors of dietitians and non-dietitians. The subjects of this study were 148 dietitians and 195 non-dietitians who are working in the metropolitan area. The general characteristics, nutrition knowledge, nutrition attitudes and eating behaviors of the subjects were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire. The results were as follows: The result of anthropometric data and body mass index showed no significant differences between dietitians and non-dietitians groups. The dietitian group (16.61 +/- 1.82) showed a significant difference (p < 0.001) compared to the non-dietitian group (14.60 +/- 2.17) in nutrition knowledge scores. Nutrition attitudes of the dietitian group (36.66 +/- 6.91) was a little higher than the non-dietitian group (36.21 +/- 7.95), but not a significant difference. The dietitian group (61.52 +/- 9.37) and the non-dietitian group (62.50 +/- 11.25) were no significant difference in eating behaviors. The correlation between nutrition knowledge scores and nutrition attitudes score of dietitians and non-dietitians groups were no significantly difference and also the correlation between nutrition knowledge scores and eating behaviors scores were not statistically significance. Whereas, the correlation between nutrition attitudes and eating behaviors showed a significant difference (dietitian r = 0.40829, nondietitian r = 0.51914). From these results, we could see the necessity of emphasis of nutrition knowledge by mending the education is necessary to enable dietitians to apply that in real life. Also it is important to guide non-dietitians to adjust their nutrition knowledge, nutrition attitudes and eating behaviors.
Body Mass Index ; Eating ; Feeding Behavior

The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between physical activity level, sedentary behaviour and eating habits with obesity indices of body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)) among Jordanian adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the capital city of Jordan, Amman. The participants were 735 secondary school males (386) and females (349) aged 14-18 years who were randomly selected using a multistage stratified cluster sampling technique. Weight, height, BMI, waist circumference (WC), WHtR, screen time, physical activity level, and eating habits were assessed. Results: Compared with males, females were significantly (p<0.05) less physically active, skipped breakfast more frequently, consumed more sweets and potato chips and had less fruits and milk intake. The results of analysis of covariance showed that overweight and obesity (based on BMI or WHtR categories) were significantly (p< 0.05) different with regard to gender, type of school, lower intakes (<3 d/week) of breakfast, milk and sugar sweetened drinks. Conclusion: Knowledge of the factors that contribute to obesity could be used in preventive programmes for the control of obesity among adolescents in Jordan. Promotion of physical activity and healthy dietary habits among Jordanian adolescents is urgently needed.
Obesity ; Eating ; Feeding Behavior ; Body Mass Index ; Life Style

Objectives: The study aims to determine whether there is an association of perceived weight status with unhealthy diet practices. Method: An analytic cross-sectional study was conducted among 625 adult undergraduate students from U.P. Manila. The survey included questions regarding sociodemographic status, habits related to diet and weight management, and perceived body mass index (BMI). Actual BMI were obtained and calculated from actual anthropomorphic measurements. Results: In the population surveyed, it was seen that 53.28% of the students accurately perceived their BMI status, 26.08% overestimated their BMI status, while 17.28% underestimated their BMI status. It was also seen that over-estimating of BMI status is more associated with unhealthy diet practices. Those who over estimated their BMI were 1.95 times more likely to skip meals (p=0.001) and 1.56 times more likely to engage in cutting of food (p=0.034). Physical activity was also seen to be associated with these practices. Conclusion Over-estimation of BMI may be linked to unrealistic goals in weight loss resulting in unhealthier diet-related habits.
Body Mass Index ; Weight Perception ; Feeding Behavior ; Diet ; Exercise

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Child Sexual Behavior Inventory (CSBI) in Korean children aged from 6 to 12 years old and the suitability of and potential for clinical application of the CSBI in Korean population. METHODS: The participants consisted of 158 typically growing children and 122 sexually abused children. The subjects were evaluated using the Korean version of the Child Sexual Behavior Inventory (CSBI), the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Young Children (TSCYC). Internal consistency was examined as a measure of reliability. To investigate the concurrent validity, Pearson's correlations were calculated. One-way ANCOVA was used to demonstrate discriminant validity. RESULTS: The Cronbach's alpha value was 0.84. The CSBI total score was moderately correlated with the CBCL subscales and mildly correlated with the sexual concern subscale of the TSCYC. The total score of the CSBI for the sexually abused children group was significantly higher than that of typically growing children group. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that the Korean version of the Child Sexual Abuse Inventory (CSBI) is a reliable and valid tool. It can be applied in the clinical field for assessing the sexual behavior of Korean children aged from 6 to 12 who are suspected to have been sexually abused.
Checklist ; Child Abuse, Sexual ; Child Behavior ; Child* ; Humans ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Reproducibility of Results* ; Sexual Behavior*

OBJECTIVETo describe the different sex, age and grade distribution of coping behavior and its psychological effects on weight, and to analyze the correlation between overweight, obesity and unhealthy psycho-behaviors related to weight control in adolescents.

METHODSA survey was conducted among students of grade 1 and grade 2 at a junior middle school in Hefei. Students completed the anonymous. questionnaire including the demographic characteristics of adolescents and parents, self-assessed weight status and adolescents' psycho-behaviors related to weight control. Anthropometric measures were taken together with body mass index (BMI) calculated. Students were divided into obesity,overweight and control groups by BMI separate criteria and by self reporting, respectively.

RESULTSAmong all the students, 17.4% reported having unhealthy psychological feelings related to weight control including 3.8% reported having unhealthy behaviors related to weight control and 19.1% of them reported having unhealthy psycho-behaviors related to weight control. The rates of unhealthy psychological feelings, unhealthy behaviors and total unhealthy psycho-behaviors related to weight control among girls (20.6%, 4.3%, 22.6%) were all higher than those among boys (14.5%, 3.3%, 15.8%) (P < 0.05). The rates of unhealthy psychological feelings, unhealthy behaviors and total unhealthy psycho-behaviors related to weight control in obese individuals both assessed by BMI and assessed by self reporting appeared to be the highest (P < 0.05). In addition,data showed that obesity and overweight assessed both by BMI separate criteria and by self-reporting appeared positive correlations with the rates of unhealthy psycho-behaviors related to weight control. Moreover, the relationship between obesity or overweight assessed by the two methods and unhealthy psycho-behaviors related to weight control did not alter by other factors.

CONCLUSIONUnhealthy psycho-behaviors related to weight control of girls are more severe than boys. The relationship between obesity and unhealthy psychological feelings and behaviors related to weight control does not alter by other factors such as social factors.

Adolescent ; Adolescent Behavior ; psychology ; Body Mass Index ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity ; psychology ; Overweight ; psychology ; Students ; psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: This study was to examine the relations of perception of physique with self-esteem, sociality and problematic behaviors in children. METHODS: Four hundred sixty five (231 boys and 234 girls) children were divided into three groups according to their height or body mass index according to the physical growth standard table had been presented in 2007 by the Korean Pediatric Society. The group 1, 2, and 3 was short, borderline and normal or obese, overweight and normal, respectively. Their perception and satisfaction of height and weight were investigated, and their self esteem and behavior styles were examined with Self-Esteem Inventory (SEI) and Korean Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL). We compared the numbers of appropriate perception, satisfaction, self-esteem and problematic behaviors in each group, and analyzed the relationship among perception of physique, self-esteem, sociality, and behavioral characteristics. The collected data were analyzed with chi-square test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient used with SPSS (ver. 12.0). RESULTS: There were significant mismatches among their real physique perception and satisfaction (P< 0.05). There were no significant differences of their self-esteem, sociality, and problematic behaviors according to their actual height and weight. There were significant differences of their self-esteem according to their perception or satisfaction of their height and weight (P< 0.01). CONCLUSION: The children who considered themselves have short stature or obesity had problematic behaviors or low self-esteem. Therefore, children should be educated to have the appropriate perception of their own body image.
Body Image ; Body Mass Index ; Checklist ; Child ; Child Behavior ; Humans ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Self Concept

OBJECTIVES: REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) has received little attention in epidemiologic studies. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of probable REM sleep behavior disorder (pRBD) in the elderly population and its clinical features. METHODS: A random sample of 1,588 was selected from a roster of 14,050 elderly population living in Osan city. The subjects were asked to fill out the REM sleep behavior disorder screening questionnaire (RBDSQ). Subjects whose score were 5 or higher on RBDSQ underwent a diagnostic phase of person-to-person assessment by experts in RBD. RESULTS: Among 1,588 subjects, 886 elderly subjects participated in the screening phase and 123 subjects were assessed in the diagnostic phase. Eleven subjects were diagnosed as having pRBD, so prevalence was 1.5% (95% CI=0.70-2.30%). The frequency of depression and cognitive decline was significantly increased in patients with pRBD compared to subjects without pRBD, and there was no difference in sleep disturbances between two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Probable REM sleep behavior disorder is not rare in the elderly but frequently under-recognized. More attention should be paid to evaluation and treatment of RBD.
Aged ; Depression ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; REM Sleep Behavior Disorder ; Sleep, REM

Mucosal vaccination, capable of inducing protective immune responses both in the mucosal and systemic immune compartments, has many advantages and is regarded as a blue ocean in the vaccine industry. Mucosal vaccines can offer lower costs, better accessability, needle-free delivery, and higher capacity of mass immunizations during pandemics. However, only very limited number of mucosal vaccines was approved for human use in the market yet. Generally, induction of immune responses following mucosal immunization requires the co-administration of appropriate adjuvants that can initiate and support the effective collaboration between innate and adaptive immunity. Classically, adjuvant researches were rather empirical than keenly scientific. However, during last several years, fundamental scientific achievements in innate immunity have been translated into the development of new mucosal adjuvants. This review focuses on recent developments in the concepts of adjuvants and innate immunity, mucosal immunity with special interest of vaccine development, and basic and applied researches in mucosal adjuvant.
Achievement ; Adaptive Immunity ; Cooperative Behavior ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Immunity, Mucosal ; Immunization ; Mass Vaccination ; Pandemics ; Vaccination ; Vaccines

Suicide is a common and preventable event that is often reported by the media when there are sensationalistic elements or if the suicide involves a celebrity. Media reports of suicide can induce a copycat or "Werther effect". There is increasing evidence that sensationalistic reporting of suicides has a direct effect on increasing suicide rates. Responsible reporting guidelines drawn up in consultation with media professionals have been shown to improve reporting of suicides. Local reporting on suicides tends to be sensationalistic but also has a strong educational slant. The media should educate both the public and the medical professional about their role in suicide prevention.
Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Imitative Behavior ; Mass Media ; standards ; Singapore ; Suicide ; prevention & control

PURPOSE: This study was to examine the effect of an obesity management program on the body weight, body-mass index, and physiological index of obese female high school students. METHOD: Students from one school were selected as the experimental group, and students from another school as a control group so the latter group wasn't exposed to the experiment. The experimental group and the control group were each organized with 20 students. The experimental group received 60 minutes of behavior modification once a week, for eight weeks. RESULT: The Body weight, and Body mass-Index of the experimental group significantly decreased after the obesity management program. Total-cholesterol, T-G, and LDL-C significantly decreased and HDL-C increased in the experimental group. Total-cholesterol, T-G, LDL-C and HDL-C between the experimental group and control group showed significant differences. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the obesity management program had a great effect on decreasing the body weight and body-mass index of the female obese high school students, normalizing their physiological index. In conclusion, this program turned out to be one of the safest and most effective obesity-management methods that could be applied to female high school students.
Adolescent ; *Behavior Therapy ; *Body Mass Index ; *Body Weight ; Female ; Humans ; Lipids/*blood ; Obesity/physiopathology/*therapy