PURPOSE: The aim of the present clinical trial was to compare pain during injection of anterior middle superior alveolar (AMSA) technique with that of infiltration injection technique in the maxilla in periodontal flap surgeries of patients referring to the Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. METHODS: Twenty subjects with an age range of 20 to 40 years were selected for the present study. One side of the maxilla was randomly selected as the test side and the other as the control side using a flip of a coin. AMSA technique was used on the test side and infiltration technique was used on the control side for anesthesia. On both sides 2% lidocaine containing 1:80,000 epinephrine was used for anesthesia. The operator obtained the visual analogue scale for each patient immediately after the injection and immediately after surgery. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistical methods (frequency percentages, means and standard deviations) and Wilcoxon's test using SPSS ver. 13 (SPSS Inc.). Statistical significance was defined at P<0.05. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in pain during injection between the two techniques (P=0.856). There were statistically significant differences in postoperative pain between the two injection techniques (P=0.024). CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative pain in AMSA injection technique was less than that in the infiltration technique. Therefore, the AMSA technique is preferable in the periodontal surgeries for the anesthesia of palatal tissues given the fact that it has other advantages, too.
Amsacrine ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Local ; Dentistry ; Epinephrine ; Humans ; Lidocaine ; Maxilla ; Numismatics ; Pain, Postoperative ; Periodontics ; Periodontium

PURPOSE: The aim of the present clinical trial was to compare pain during injection of anterior middle superior alveolar (AMSA) technique with that of infiltration injection technique in the maxilla in periodontal flap surgeries of patients referring to the Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. METHODS: Twenty subjects with an age range of 20 to 40 years were selected for the present study. One side of the maxilla was randomly selected as the test side and the other as the control side using a flip of a coin. AMSA technique was used on the test side and infiltration technique was used on the control side for anesthesia. On both sides 2% lidocaine containing 1:80,000 epinephrine was used for anesthesia. The operator obtained the visual analogue scale for each patient immediately after the injection and immediately after surgery. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistical methods (frequency percentages, means and standard deviations) and Wilcoxon's test using SPSS ver. 13 (SPSS Inc.). Statistical significance was defined at P<0.05. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in pain during injection between the two techniques (P=0.856). There were statistically significant differences in postoperative pain between the two injection techniques (P=0.024). CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative pain in AMSA injection technique was less than that in the infiltration technique. Therefore, the AMSA technique is preferable in the periodontal surgeries for the anesthesia of palatal tissues given the fact that it has other advantages, too.
Amsacrine ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Local ; Dentistry ; Epinephrine ; Humans ; Lidocaine ; Maxilla ; Numismatics ; Pain, Postoperative ; Periodontics ; Periodontium

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficiency of the subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) with and without plasma rich in growth factor (PRGF) in the treatment of gingival recessions. METHODS: Twenty bilateral buccal gingival Miller's Class I and II recessions were selected. Ten of the recessions were treated with SCTG and PRGF (test group). The rest ten of the recessions were treated with SCTG (control group). The clinical parameters including recession depth (RD), percentage of root coverage (RC), mucogingival junction (MGJ) position, clinical attachment level (CAL), and probing depth (PD) were measured at the baseline, and 1 and 3 months later. The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank and Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS: After 3 months, both groups showed a significant improvement in all of the mentioned criteria except PD. Although the amount of improvement was better in the SCTG+PRGF group than the SCTG only group, this difference was not statistically significant. The mean RC was 70.85+/-12.57 in the test group and 75.83+/-24.68 in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Both SCTG+PRGF and SCTG only result in favorable clinical outcomes, but the added benefit of PRGF is not evident.
Connective Tissue ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Plasma ; Transplants

Purpose: This systematic review examined the detection of the posterior superior alveolar artery, along with various anatomic characteristics, on cone-beam computed tomography images. Materials and Methods: Studies were identified electronically through the Web of Science, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Embase databases. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using a 5-item binary scale. The detection rate, location, and classified diameter of the posterior superior alveolar artery were estimated as prevalence values. The diameter of this artery, as well as the distances from the artery to the alveolar crest and sinus floor, were estimated as means with associated 95% confidence intervals. Results: Thirty-seven studies were enrolled, with 34 of these included in the meta-analysis. The mean detection rate was 79% (range: 72%-84%), and the mean diameter was 1.06±0.05 mm (range: 0.96-1.16 mm). The posterior superior alveolar artery was located intraosseously in 64% of cases. The mean distance of the artery from the alveolar crest was 16.71±0.49 mm (range: 15.75-17.68 mm), while the mean distance from the artery to the sinus floor was 8.85±0.4 mm (range: 8.05-9.64 mm). Conclusion According to the findings of this meta-analysis regarding various anatomic characteristics of the posterior superior alveolar artery, severe hemorrhage after damage to this artery during sinus augmentation procedures is not a substantial clinical problem.