For over two thousand years, many artists and scientists have tried to understand or quantify the form of the perfect, ideal, or the most beautiful face both in art and in vivo(life). However, this mathematical relationship has been consistently and repeatedly reported to be present in beautiful things. This particular relationship is referred to as the golden ratio. It is a mathematical ratio of 1.618:1 that seems to appear recurrently in beautiful things in nature as well as in other things that are seen as beautiful. Dr. Marquardt made the facial golden mask that contains and includes all of the 1-dimensional and 2-dimensional geometric golden element formed from the golden ratio. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of the golden facial mask. In our cases(n=40), the authors applied the facial golden mask to the preoperative and postoperative photographs, and scored each photograph. Compared with the average scores of the facial mask applied photographs and none applied photographs using non-parametric test, statistical significance was not checked (p>0.05). It means that the facial golden mask can be used for facial analysis. The facial golden mask is easy to apply, cheap and relatively objective. So, the authors introduce the one of useful facial analyses.
Masks*

No abstract available.
Laryngeal Masks*

No abstract available.
Laryngeal Masks

No abstract available.
Laryngeal Masks

This study was designed to compare the performance of liquid-based preparation from the AutoCyte PREP with the conventional cervicovaginal smear in masked split-samples. In randomly selected 840 cases, the conventional smear was always prepared first, and the AutoCyte PREP used the residual cells on the collecting device. Parallel AutoCyte PREP slides and matched conventional smears were screened in a blind fashion. All abnormals and 10% random normal cases were reviewed by two pathologists in a blind fashion. The Bethesda System was used for reporting the diagnosis and specimen adequacy. The diagnoses from the two methods were agreed exactly in 767(91.3%) of 840 cases. The AutoCyte PREP demonstrated a 25% overall improvement in the detection of squamous intraepithelial lesion(SIL). The ratio of ASCUS to SIL was decreased as 0.45 compared with 1.00 of conventional smear. The AutoCyte PREP produced excellent cellular preservation and superior sensitivity for detection of atypical cells as compared to the conventional smear. It makes us to be able to subclassify ASCUS into from WNL to HSIL. We thought that the AutoCyte PREP method might contribute to increase the detection rate of abnormal cells than conventional methods.
Diagnosis ; Masks

No abstract available.
Masks ; Skin

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Detection of auditory signals may be improved when maskers far from the frequency of the target signal are coherently amplitude-modulated. This improvement of signal detection is called comodulation masking release (CMR). In the CMR experiments, flankers have been usually arranged symmetrically. In practice, we will be confronted with a problem by using symmetric flankers due to the limited output of clinical audiometers, especially at high-frequency. We aimed to check whether flanker arrangement has any effect on the amount of CMR, especially when there is no flankers with a frequency higher than the signal. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Eighteen normal hearing listeners ranging in age from 20 to 46 years old participated. Symmetric (2-2) and asymmetric (3-1 and 4-0) flankers were used and then the amount of CMR compared among them. RESULTS: Our results showed in the same numbers of flankers, there were no statistically CMR differences between symmetric and asymmetric arrangement. Also when we did not have a flanker at a frequency higher than the signal and all flankers were placed below the signal, there was no statistically difference with the symmetric arrangement. CONCLUSIONS: The asymmetry of the flankers and also omitting the flankers with a frequency higher than the signal, have no effect on CMR results. We concluded that CMR can be considered by using clinical audiometer.
Hearing ; Masks

PURPOSE: To investigate the intra-observer agreement and inter-observer agreement among observers assessing optic disc cup-disc ratio of glaucoma patients. METHODS: Fifty stereoscopic optic disc photographs of patients with glaucoma were digitized and five ophthalmology residents drew optic disc and cup margin in a masked random fashion. It was performed twice on same photographs weekly under monoscopic and stereoscopic conditions. The agreement was estimated by Pearson correlation coefficient r. RESULTS: Intra-observer agreement for estimating linear cup-disc ratio (LCDR) under monoscopic (0.84) and stereoscopic conditions (0.86) were high and inter-observer agreement was also high under monoscopic (0.81) and stereoscopic conditions (0.83) showing more perfect agreement under stereoscopic condition. The observers estimated smaller cup-disc ratio when evaluating under stereoscopic condition than under monoscopic condition. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluating optic disc stereoscopically with computer-aided planimetry can be clinically useful when managing patients with glaucoma since it has a high reproducibility.
Glaucoma ; Humans ; Masks ; Ophthalmology

No abstract available.
Humans ; Masks* ; Respiration*

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the study is to compare the effects on the pharyngeal airway space of skeletal anchored face mask with those of tooth-borne facemask. METHODS: We used two types of facemask for maxillary protraction, the tooth-borne facemask (TBFM) and the skeletal anchored facemask (SAFM), and evaluated the effects of each facemask on the pharyngeal airway. Twenty-eight patients (mean age 10.3 years) were treated with the TBFM and 24 patients (mean age 11.2 years) were treated with the SAFM. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken before treatment (T1) and after treatment (T2) to assess changes in the dimensions of the upper airway. Statistical analysis was performed with independent t tests, matched t tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS: There were marked increases in upper airway dimensions in both groups following treatment, but the SAFM group had a significantly greater increase in airway dimensions than the TBFM group. Also, the SAFM subgroups showed more improved airway measurements than the TBFM subgroups in both the superior and inferior pharyngeal airways. CONCLUSIONS: SAFM is more effective than TBFM in increasing upper airway dimensions.
Humans ; Masks ; Methods*