Objective To explore the differences in energy contribution between 1500 m speed skat-ing and cycling maximal exercise.Methods Eleven professional skaters took the tests of 1500 m speed skating and cycling maximal exercise,respectively.A portable gas analyzer and a blood lactate analyz-er were used to measure and assess the gas metabolism during and 6 minutes after the tests,along with the blood lactate level before and after them.The energy contribution and contribution rates were calculated by using the phosphoric acid-lactic acid-oxygen method.Results There were significant dif-ferences between the two tests in the average accumulated oxygen uptake(5.52±0.99 L vs 5.94±0.75 L,P=0.043,ES=0.481)and the rapid recovery of oxygen uptake after exercise(2.07±0.67 L vs 1.52±0.86 L,P=0.029,ES=0.746).However,no significant differences were found in the rela-tive anaerobic lactic contribution between the two different exercises.Moreover,the relative anaerobic alactic contribution of speed skating was significantly greater than cycling(21.36%±4.12%vs 15.39%±5.89%,P=0.010,ES=1.211),while the relative aerobic contribution was significantly lower than the latter(52.31%±5.45%vs 57.13%±5.12%,P=0.016,ES=0.913).Conclusions The energy contri-bution of 1500 m speed skating is different from the cycling maximal exercise,indicating that the rel-ative aerobic contribution differs among different exercises.Therefore,future training plans should be tailored to the specific energy contribution characteristics of each sport and speed skaters should strengthen their explosive training when taking cycling as the main training method in non-ice periods.

Objective Biomechanical analyses of straight techniques for Chinese male skaters during the 1 500-m race were conducted to determine the influence of motion techniques on sports performance.Methods Thirty-four male skaters participating in the 1 500-m National Speed Skating Championship race were selected as research subjects.Kinematic characteristics were collected using three-dimensional fixed-point video analysis.The correlations between the periodic characteristics,motion phase characteristics,moment characteristics,and periodic velocity were analyzed.Results The period distance(r=0.560),gliding distance(r=0.554),and push-off distance(r=0.512)showed strong positive correlations with the periodic velocity.The trunk range of motion(ROM)(r=0.651),ankle angle(r=0.434),and ankle ROM(r=0.446)showed moderate or high positive correlations with the gliding velocity.The trunk angle(r=-0.427)showed a moderate negative correlation with the gliding velocity.Additionally,the trunk angle(r=0.673),hip extension angle(r=0.804),abduction angle(r=0.560),and abduction angle speed(r=0.566)were highly positively correlated with the push-off velocity.The push-off angle(r=-0.605)showed a high negative correlation with the push-off velocity.Conclusions The velocity of a straight line in 1 500-m speed skating depends on the dancing distance.Greater gliding and push-off distances result in higher velocities.The trunk and ankle angles significantly influence the gliding velocity,and appropriately increasing the trunk ROM can effectively improve the gliding velocity.The trunk,hip,and push-off angles are key determinants affecting the push-off velocity,and actively extending the hip and pushing-off can effectively enhance the push-off velocity.