The chewing-related neuronal mechanism underlying stress relief, was evaluated by use of fMRI. For this purpose we examined the effect of chewing a moderately hard gum without any taste (X type, Lotte Co. LTd., Tokyo) on brain activation caused by a noisy sound stress, on plasma levels of catecholamines and ACTH. The stress significantly increased the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signals in the amygdala and the medial prefrontal cortex, and elevated plasma levels of noradrenaline, dopamine and ACTH. However, this chewing suppressed not only the stress-induced increase in BOLD signals in these two regions, but also the stress-induced elevation in plasma levels of these catecholamines and ACTH. The results suggested that chewing might be a useful therapy for reducing stress.
Stress ; Mastication ; Adrenocorticotropic hormone measurement ; Plasma ; Stress bismuth subsalicylate

A case of inguinoscrotal bladder hernia in a 68-year-old man is reported. He was referred from the Department of Internal Medicine to our department because of the presence of occult blood in the urine. On abdominal examination, a goose-egg-sized inguinal hernia was noted extending into the scrotum. Cystography, CT and MRI demonstrated hernia of the bladder into the right side of the scrotum. Although a radical cure operation had been planned, ileocecum excision was enforced, as the symptoms of appendicitis were developed. Postoperatively, the right side of the inguinal swelling disappeared, and the repeated cystgraphy showed the bladder to be in the normal position with a normal contour.
Hernia ; Bladder ; Appendicitis ; Procedures on bladder ; GENERAL OPERATIVE PROCEDURES

In order to get basic data for preventing heat stroke accident during exercise in a hot environment, we analysed the relation between environmental temperature, and drinking and sweating. We also analyed the effect of water intake on body temperature regulation during exercise.
The environmental temperature started to rise in April, reached the maximumin August, and then decreased. Water intake and sweating increased significantly with increase in WBGT, but there was no correlation between weight loss and WBGT. The rise in body temperature during exercise (0.52±0.080°C) was constant and independent of WBGT. The rise in oral temperature during exercise was affected by the water intake and it was significantly higher when water was not supplied than that with water supply (p<0.001) . Sweat rate was significantly greater when water was supplied than when it was not supplied (p<0.01) .
The above results suggest that the amount of water intake increased with the increase in WBGT, which guarantees the increase in sweating and as a result maintenance of constant oral temperature.
Therefore it is suggested that it is better to supply water during exercise to facilitate evaporative heat loss, which prevent rise in oral temperature.

For diagnosis of prostate cancer, MRI was performed in 91 patients prior to prostate biopsy, and prostate cancer was detected in 37 patients. The ability of MRI diagnosis compared with biopsy was accuracy 0.84, sensitivity 0.95, and specificity 0.76.In 26 patients (14 patients with prostate cancer) from whom MR images were obtained by diffusion weighted imaging, ADC value and PSA value showed a reverse correlation significantly.The ADC value was 0.97±0.23-3mm2/sec in the cancer area, 1.51±0.20-3mm2/sec in the normal peripheral zone, and 1.47±0.12-3mm2/sec in the normal central zone. The ADC value in the cancer area was smaller than that in the normal peripheral area or in the normal central zone significantly (p<0.001).The relation between ADC value and Gleason score did not show any correlation. However, when the Gleason score was under 6, ADC value was 1.11±0.20-3mm2/sec, and when it was over 7, ADC value was 0.81±0.19-3mm2/sec which showed a lower value than the ADC value with Gleason score under 6 significantly (p<0.05).MRI was effective for visualization of prostate cancer. We concluded that pre-biopsy MRI in prostate cancer would allow not only systemic-biopsy but also accurate targeting-biopsy, and it would improve the diagnosric ability of biopsy.
Cancer of Prostate ; biopsy characteristics ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; GLEASON GRADING FOR PROSTATIC CANCER ; lower case pea

Two conservatively treated cases of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis are reported here. The first case was a 31-year-old diabetic woman. She was referred to our department. Examinations for gross hematuria were made. US, CT and MRI revealed a renal tumor in the upper pole of the left kidney. The second case was an 86-year-old man with ileal conduit. He complained about pain in the right back. A mass of fist size was found. US, CT and MRI revealed right hydronephrosis connected to the subcutaneous tumor on the right back, and DIP revealed no-functioning right kidney. Because both cases showed some signs of inflammation in laboratory findings, we performed biopsy. Either of the two cases were pathologically diagnosed as xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. For this reason, Antibiotic therapy was continued. As a result, reduction of the tumors was seen. The prognosis was good.
Two ; Cases ; X-Ray Computed Tomography ; Pyelonephritis, Xanthogranulomatous ; Pyelonephritis