1.Endoscopic Biopsy Technique using an Alcohol Swab to Prevent Transmission through the Instrument Channel in the COVID-19 Era
Shusei FUKUNAGA ; Taku MANABE ; Mitsuhiro KONO ; Tadashi OCHIAI ; Akira HIGASHIMORI ; Masaki OMINAMI ; Yasuaki NAGAMI ; Yasuhiro FUJIWARA
Clinical Endoscopy 2021;54(5):771-773
2.Endoscopic Biopsy Technique using an Alcohol Swab to Prevent Transmission through the Instrument Channel in the COVID-19 Era
Shusei FUKUNAGA ; Taku MANABE ; Mitsuhiro KONO ; Tadashi OCHIAI ; Akira HIGASHIMORI ; Masaki OMINAMI ; Yasuaki NAGAMI ; Yasuhiro FUJIWARA
Clinical Endoscopy 2021;54(5):771-773
3.Subtype of Achalasia and Integrated Relaxation Pressure Measured Using the Starlet High-resolution Manometry System: A Multicenter Study in Japan
Tetsuya TATSUTA ; Hiroki SATO ; Yusuke FUJIYOSHI ; Hirofumi ABE ; Akio SHIWAKU ; Junya SHIOTA ; Chiaki SATO ; Masaki OMINAMI ; Yoshitaka HATA ; Hisashi FUKUDA ; Ryo OGAWA ; Jun NAKAMURA ; Yuichiro IKEBUCHI ; Hiroshi YOKOMICHI ; Shinsaku FUKUDA ; Haruhiro INOUE
Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility 2022;28(4):562-571
Background/Aims:
ManoScan and Sandhill high-resolution manometry (HRM) systems are used worldwide; however, the diagnosis of achalasia on the Starlet HRM system is not fully characterized. Furthermore, the impact of calcium channel blockers and nitrites in treating achalasia has not been investigated using HRM. Management of recurrent cases is a priority issue, although few studies have examined patient characteristics.
Methods:
We conducted a multicenter, large-scale database analysis. First, the diagnosis of treatment-naive achalasia in each HRM system was investigated. Next, patient characteristics were compared between type I-III achalasia, and the impact of patient characteristics, including calcium channel blocker and nitrite use for integrated relaxation pressure (IRP) values, were analyzed. Finally, patient characteristics with recurrent achalasia were elucidated.
Results:
The frequency of type I achalasia with Starlet was significantly higher than that with ManoScan and Sandhill HRM systems. In achalasia, multivariate analysis identified male sex, advanced age, long disease duration, obesity, type I achalasia, and sigmoid type as risk factors related to normal IRP values (< 26 mmHg). Calcium channel blockers and nitrites use had no significant impact on the IRP values, although achalasia symptoms were indicated to be alleviated. In recurrent cases, the IRP value was significantly lower, and advanced age, long disease duration, and sigmoid type were more common than in treatment-naive patients.
Conclusions
We should cautiously interpret the type of achalasia and IRP values in the Starlet HRM system. Symptoms of recurrent cases are related to disease progression rather than IRP values, which should be considered in decision making.
4.Development of Dilated Esophagus, Sigmoid Esophagus, and Esophageal Diverticulum in Patients With Achalasia: Japan Achalasia Multicenter Study
Hiroki SATO ; Yusuke FUJIYOSHI ; Hirofumi ABE ; Hironari SHIWAKU ; Junya SHIOTA ; Chiaki SATO ; Hiroyuki SAKAE ; Masaki OMINAMI ; Yoshitaka HATA ; Hisashi FUKUDA ; Ryo OGAWA ; Jun NAKAMURA ; Tetsuya TATSUTA ; Yuichiro IKEBUCHI ; Hiroshi YOKOMICHI ; Shuji TERAI ; Haruhiro INOUE
Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility 2022;28(2):222-230
Background/Aims:
Patients with achalasia-related esophageal motility disorders (AEMDs) frequently present with dilated and sigmoid esophagus, anddevelop esophageal diverticulum (ED), although the prevalence and patients characteristics require further elucidation.
Methods:
We conducted a multicenter cohort study of 3707 patients with AEMDs from 14 facilities in Japan. Esophagography on 3682 patients were analyzed.
Results:
Straight (n = 2798), sigmoid (n = 684), and advanced sigmoid esophagus (n = 200) were diagnosed. Multivariate analysis revealed that long disease duration, advanced age, obesity, and type I achalasia correlate positively, whereas severe symptoms and integrated relaxation pressure correlate negatively with development of sigmoid esophagus. In contrast, Grade II dilation (3.5-6.0 cm) was the most common (52.9%), while grade III dilation (≥ 6 cm) was rare (5.0%). We found early onset, male, obesity, and type I achalasia correlated positively, while advanced age correlated negatively with esophageal dilation. Dilated and sigmoid esophagus were found mostly in types I and II achalasia, but typically not found in spastic disorders. The prevalence of ED was low (n = 63, 1.7%), and non-dilated esophagus and advanced age correlated with ED development. Patients with right-sided ED (n = 35) had a long disease duration (P = 0.005) with low integrated relaxation pressure values (P = 0.008) compared with patients with left-sided ED (n = 22). Patients with multiple EDs (n = 6) had lower symptom severity than patients with a single ED (P = 0.022).
Conclusions
The etiologies of dilated esophagus, sigmoid esophagus, and ED are considered multifactorial and different. Early diagnosis and optimal treatment of AEMDs are necessary to prevent these conditions.