Purpose: Adequate medical knowledge and skills are fundamentals for nurse prescribing authority development. This study will explore the potential for developing nurse prescribing training in Iran, where nurses currently lack prescribing authority despite their strong academic nursing education. Methods: This is a study with two phases. At first, in a conventional qualitative content analysis method, with purposive and snowball sampling, from June 2021 to March 2023, 20 participants, including 16nurses in different clinical, managerial, educational, and policy-making settings, three physicians, and one clinical pharmacist were interviewed. Unstructured interviews were conducted face-to-face or virtually as the situation required during the pandemic period due to Coronavirus disease, 2019 (COVID-19). Qualitative content analysis as developed by Elo and Kynga€ s in 2008 was used for data analysis. In the second comparative analysis phase, four masters of science and one doctor of nursing curricula analyzed in the existence of the nurse prescribing prerequisite courses and these five curricula and two potential masters of science in community health and critical care nursing curricula were compared with John Hopkins University curricula. Results: In the qualitative phase, two themes emerged: nursing education challenges and the potential for nurse prescribing training development. These were further broken down into four subthemes:inadequate nurses' knowledge in prerequisite nurse prescribing courses, unprepared educational infrastructure, treatment sector potentials, and educational potentials, with a total of 12 concepts identified.During the comparative phase, it was found that none of the nursing curricula had adequate prerequisite courses for nurse prescribing. However, the Community Health and Critical Care nursing curricula showed potential for developing nurse prescribing training. Conclusions In the nursing education system, there are some challenges and potentials for prescribing training, and the community health and critical care nursing curricula have the potential capacity to prepare the graduated nurses to prescribe. It needs educational and managerial policies. More developmental research and pilot studies are recommended.

Purpose: Adequate medical knowledge and skills are fundamentals for nurse prescribing authority development. This study will explore the potential for developing nurse prescribing training in Iran, where nurses currently lack prescribing authority despite their strong academic nursing education. Methods: This is a study with two phases. At first, in a conventional qualitative content analysis method, with purposive and snowball sampling, from June 2021 to March 2023, 20 participants, including 16nurses in different clinical, managerial, educational, and policy-making settings, three physicians, and one clinical pharmacist were interviewed. Unstructured interviews were conducted face-to-face or virtually as the situation required during the pandemic period due to Coronavirus disease, 2019 (COVID-19). Qualitative content analysis as developed by Elo and Kynga€ s in 2008 was used for data analysis. In the second comparative analysis phase, four masters of science and one doctor of nursing curricula analyzed in the existence of the nurse prescribing prerequisite courses and these five curricula and two potential masters of science in community health and critical care nursing curricula were compared with John Hopkins University curricula. Results: In the qualitative phase, two themes emerged: nursing education challenges and the potential for nurse prescribing training development. These were further broken down into four subthemes:inadequate nurses' knowledge in prerequisite nurse prescribing courses, unprepared educational infrastructure, treatment sector potentials, and educational potentials, with a total of 12 concepts identified.During the comparative phase, it was found that none of the nursing curricula had adequate prerequisite courses for nurse prescribing. However, the Community Health and Critical Care nursing curricula showed potential for developing nurse prescribing training. Conclusions In the nursing education system, there are some challenges and potentials for prescribing training, and the community health and critical care nursing curricula have the potential capacity to prepare the graduated nurses to prescribe. It needs educational and managerial policies. More developmental research and pilot studies are recommended.

Purpose: Adequate medical knowledge and skills are fundamentals for nurse prescribing authority development. This study will explore the potential for developing nurse prescribing training in Iran, where nurses currently lack prescribing authority despite their strong academic nursing education. Methods: This is a study with two phases. At first, in a conventional qualitative content analysis method, with purposive and snowball sampling, from June 2021 to March 2023, 20 participants, including 16nurses in different clinical, managerial, educational, and policy-making settings, three physicians, and one clinical pharmacist were interviewed. Unstructured interviews were conducted face-to-face or virtually as the situation required during the pandemic period due to Coronavirus disease, 2019 (COVID-19). Qualitative content analysis as developed by Elo and Kynga€ s in 2008 was used for data analysis. In the second comparative analysis phase, four masters of science and one doctor of nursing curricula analyzed in the existence of the nurse prescribing prerequisite courses and these five curricula and two potential masters of science in community health and critical care nursing curricula were compared with John Hopkins University curricula. Results: In the qualitative phase, two themes emerged: nursing education challenges and the potential for nurse prescribing training development. These were further broken down into four subthemes:inadequate nurses' knowledge in prerequisite nurse prescribing courses, unprepared educational infrastructure, treatment sector potentials, and educational potentials, with a total of 12 concepts identified.During the comparative phase, it was found that none of the nursing curricula had adequate prerequisite courses for nurse prescribing. However, the Community Health and Critical Care nursing curricula showed potential for developing nurse prescribing training. Conclusions In the nursing education system, there are some challenges and potentials for prescribing training, and the community health and critical care nursing curricula have the potential capacity to prepare the graduated nurses to prescribe. It needs educational and managerial policies. More developmental research and pilot studies are recommended.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the factor structure of the Persian version of posttraumatic growth inventory (P-PTGI). METHODS: Participants included 272 Iranian people of Azari ethnicity (111 women and 161 men), aged between 21 and 91 years (mean 52.65 years), who were diagnosed with cancer and were referred to the oncology department of the university hospital. The P-PTGI was assessed to determine the construct validity, using various indices of confirmatory factor analysis and standardized lambda coefficient, followed by further assessment of the discriminant and convergent validities by using the structural equation model. LISREL 8.8 for Windows and SPSS were used for data analysis. RESULTS: The calculated values of comparative fit index, incremental fit index, normed fit index, and non-normed fit index > .90 and the values of standardized root-mean-square residual < .08 indicate an acceptable fit for the original PTGI. Considering that the values of average variance extracted (.52–.74) were greater than the square of correlation coefficients between the five dimensions of P-PTGI, discriminant validity was approved. Convergent validity was confirmed through a high value of standardized lambda coefficient (.52–.92) between the items and their related factors. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that P-PTGI has an acceptable validity and reliability for posttraumatic growth assessment in Iranian cancer patients and its factor structure is similar to that of the original form developed by Tedeschi and Calhoun.
Female ; Humans ; Reproducibility of Results ; Statistics as Topic

The obligatory intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is a major world wide cause of infectious ovine abortion. In some different diagnostic techniques that are being used to detect this pathogen in ovine fetuses, immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a very sensitive and expensive one. Histopathology is not truly a specific and sensitive test for Toxoplasma infection but it can be helpful to choose some suspected tissues for IHC. In this study 9.5% of 200 samples (aborted ovine fetuses internal organs such as brain, liver, heart, lung, kidney, spleen) (4.6~14.4% with 95% CI) were positive in IHC with a very good logical agreement among different diagnostic techniques (kappa = 0.73, 0.8) and with no significant difference among different fetal age groups (p > 0.05).
Brain ; Fetus ; Gestational Age ; Heart ; Immunohistochemistry ; Iran ; Kidney ; Liver ; Logic ; Lung ; Parasites ; Toxoplasma