Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is a disorder of sexual development characterized by a female phenotype with a 46 XY karyotype. Most patients present with primary amenorrhea; however,1.1% of patients present with an inguinal mass. Most commonly, seminoma arising from the gonads are found.                                                                                This report represents the case of a 15 year-old female looking adolescent who initially presented with an abdominopelvic mass. A diagnosis of AIS was made based on the physical examination findings, endocrine profiling, imaging studies and karyotyping. She underwent cytoscopy, exploratory laparotomy,adhesiolysis, tumor debulking, frozen section, bowel run, repair of serosal tear, Jackson-Pratt drain insertion, bilateral percutaneous nephrostomy under combined spinal and epidural anesthesia. Histopathologic examination of the excised mass revealed a mixed germ cell tumor. This paper will discuss the diagnostic approach as well as the management and prognosis of patients with AIS associated with mixed germ cell tumor.

Human ; Female ; Adolescent ; Androgen-insensitivity Syndrome ; Gonadoblastoma ; Feminization ; Germ Cells ; Feminization ; Adolescent ; Testosterone ; Genitalia ; Phenotype ; Karyotype

OBJECTIVE: This study will evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of gynecologists towards hormonal therapy for menopausal symptoms. METHODS: A descriptive study design was carried out across the different regions of the Philippines from April to October 2018. A self-administered questionnaire was used to identify current knowledge, attitude and practice of gynecologists regarding the use of hormonal replacement therapy. RESULTS: A total of 369 respondents were able to complete the questionnaire. Our findings indicate that the most common indication for giving MHT are vasomotor symptoms such as hot flushes, night sweats, diaphoresis, vaginal dryness and its associated discomfort and pain during intercourse. Almost all Filipino gynecologists participating in this study are aware that MHT will improve vasomotor, urogenital symptoms, sexual dysfunction and mood. Majority of Filipino gynecologists who participated in this study agreed correctly that MHT will decrease the risk of osteoporosis and coronary artery disease. However, still majority of Filipino gynecologists do not routinely recommend/offer the use of MHT to every postmenopausal woman. On the other hand, at least half of the respondents falsely believe that MHT can decrease the risk for cognitive dysfunction, cerebrovascular disease, Parkinson's disease and vascular thrombosis. CONCLUSION The overall knowledge of Filipino gynecologist who participated in this study is lacking. Only 68% of them agreed that they have adequate knowledge about the treatment options for postmenopausal symptoms and as much as 32% of them are still not confident. Basic knowledge on menopausal symptoms and indications for hormonal therapy are known to the respondents but these knowledge does not translate to practice.
Postmenopause

Objective: This study evaluated the knowledge, attitude and practice of Filipino gynecologists towards hormonal therapy for menopausal symptoms. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out among practicing Filipino gynecologists in different regions of the Philippines from April to October 2018. A self-administered questionnaire was used to identify the current knowledge, attitude and practice of gynecologists regarding the use of hormonal replacement therapy. Results: There were 369 respondents included in the study. Our findings indicate that the most common indication for MHT are vasomotor symptoms and vaginal dryness. Almost all Filipino gynecologists participating in this study were aware that MHT will improve vasomotor and urogenital symptoms, sexual dysfunction and mood. Majority of them correctly agreed that MHT will decrease the risk of osteoporosis and coronary artery disease. On the other hand, at least half of the respondents falsely believed that MHT can decrease the risk for cognitive dysfunction, cerebrovascular disease, Parkinson’s disease and vascular thrombosis. Only 68% of the respondents agreed that they have adequate knowledge about the treatment options for postmenopausal symptoms and as much as 32% of them are still not confident with their knowledge. Majority (65%) of Filipino gynecologists do not routinely recommend or offer the use of MHT to every postmenopausal woman. Conclusion The knowledge and attitude of gynecologists on hormonal therapy play an important role in the decision making of a woman during her climacteric period. Basic knowledge on menopausal symptoms and indications for hormonal therapy are known to the respondents but these knowledge do not translate to practice.
Hormone Replacement Therapy ; Menopause ; Postmenopause