1.Study on the level of tobacco-generated smoke in several restautants and bars in Beijing, China.
Ji-Ming KANG ; Yuan JIANG ; Xiao-Guang LIN ; Yan YANG ; Yi NAN ; Zhu LI ; Rui-Ling LIU ; Guo-Ze FENG ; Xiao-Shuai WEI ; Mark J TRAVERS ; Qiang LI ; Andrew HYLAND
Chinese Journal of Epidemiology 2007;28(8):738-741
OBJECTIVETo investigate the current smoking regulations and their impacts on the environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) levels inside restaurants and bars in Beijing.
METHODSTelephone survey was used to investigate the smoking regulations. TSI Sidepak AM510 was used to measure the level of fine particles less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) in restaurants and bars. Analysis of variance and non-parametric rank tests were used to examine the association between indoor and outdoor PM2.5 levels and (1) smoking regulations; and (2) types of restaurants and bars.
RESULTSOf the 305 restaurants and bars surveyed, 27.9% had complete or partial smoking prohibiting rules. The average indoor PM2.5, level of the 92 restaurants and bars was 253.08 microg/m3 , 102.37% higher than the outdoor level. The average indoor and outdoor PM2.5 levels in the restaurants and bars with smoking ban regulations were 93.10 microg/m3 and 110.33 microg/m3 whole 289.34 microg/m3 and 128.40 microg/m3 in those without, respectively. The average indoor and outdoor PM2.5 levels of bars were 413.46 microg/m3 and 190.62 microg/m3, respectively, while in the western fast-food restaurants, they were 83.86 microg/m3 and 104.77 microg/m3, respectively. The outdoor PM2.5 levels were higher than the indoor levels in different classes of restaurants and bars. Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between PM2.5 levels and the number of smokers per cube meters (r = 0.47, P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONSmoking regulations could effectively reduce the ETS level in restaurants and bars.
Air Pollution, Indoor ; analysis ; legislation & jurisprudence ; China ; Environmental Monitoring ; Particulate Matter ; analysis ; Restaurants ; Smoking ; legislation & jurisprudence ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution ; analysis ; legislation & jurisprudence
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