1.Global incidence and prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Margaret LP TENG ; Cheng Han NG ; Daniel Q. HUANG ; Kai En CHAN ; Darren JH TAN ; Wen Hui LIM ; Ju Dong YANG ; Eunice TAN ; Mark D. MUTHIAH
Clinical and Molecular Hepatology 2023;29(Suppl):S32-S42
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of liver disease worldwide. The estimated global incidence of NAFLD is 47 cases per 1,000 population and is higher among males than females. The estimated global prevalence of NAFLD among adults is 32% and is higher among males (40%) compared to females (26%). The global prevalence of NAFLD has increased over time, from 26% in studies from 2005 or earlier to 38% in studies from 2016 or beyond. The prevalence of NAFLD varies substantially by world region, contributed by differing rates of obesity, and genetic and socioeconomic factors. The prevalence of NAFLD exceeds 40% in the Americas and South-East Asia. The prevalence of NAFLD is projected to increase significantly in multiple world regions by 2030 if current trends are left unchecked. In this review, we discuss trends in the global incidence and prevalence of NAFLD and discuss future projections.
2.Global prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Darren Jun Hao TAN ; Sabrina Xin Zi QUEK ; Jie Ning YONG ; Adithya SURESH ; Kaiser Xuan Ming KOH ; Wen Hui LIM ; Jingxuan QUEK ; Ansel TANG ; Caitlyn TAN ; Benjamin NAH ; Eunice TAN ; Taisei KEITOKU ; Mark D. MUTHIAH ; Nicholas SYN ; Cheng Han NG ; Beom Kyung KIM ; Nobuharu TAMAKI ; Cyrus Su Hui HO ; Rohit LOOMBA ; Daniel Q. HUANG
Clinical and Molecular Hepatology 2022;28(4):864-875
Background/Aims:
Depression and anxiety are associated with poorer outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the prevalence of depression and anxiety in HCC are unclear. We aimed to establish the prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with HCC.
Methods:
MEDLINE and Embase were searched and original articles reporting prevalence of anxiety or depression in patients with HCC were included. A generalized linear mixed model with Clopper-Pearson intervals was used to obtain the pooled prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with HCC. Risk factors were analyzed via a fractional-logistic regression model.
Results:
Seventeen articles involving 64,247 patients with HCC were included. The pooled prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with HCC was 24.04% (95% confidence interval [CI], 13.99–38.11%) and 22.20% (95% CI, 10.07–42.09%) respectively. Subgroup analysis determined that the prevalence of depression was lowest in studies where depression was diagnosed via clinician-administered scales (16.07%;95% CI, 4.42–44.20%) and highest in self-reported scales (30.03%; 95% CI, 17.19–47.01%). Depression in patients with HCC was lowest in the Americas (16.44%; 95% CI, 6.37–36.27%) and highest in South-East Asia (66.67%; 95% CI, 56.68–75.35%). Alcohol consumption, cirrhosis, and college education significantly increased risk of depression in patients with HCC.
Conclusions
One in four patients with HCC have depression, while one in five have anxiety. Further studies are required to validate these findings, as seen from the wide CIs in certain subgroup analyses. Screening strategies for depression and anxiety should also be developed for patients with HCC.