OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational use of antibacterial drugs in the clinic. METHODS:In retrospective study,outpatient and emergency antibacterial drugs prescriptions were randomly selected from a hospital during 2013-2014,and then analyzed statistically. DDDs of antibacterial drugs were analyzed by using DDD method. RESULTS:From 2013-2014,the ap-plication rate of antibacterial drugs in the hospital declined substantially from 13.8% to 11.9%,and the rate of irrational use dropped from 2.7% to 1.2%. The application rate of antibacterial drugs was higher in pediatric department,emergency department and urology department;drug cost per capita was higher in infectious department,nephrology department and emergency depart-ment. The application rate of antibacterial drugs in pediatric department decreased greatly in 2014,compared with 2013,maintain-ing about 40%. The application rate of antibacterial drugs in emergency department during Jan.-Sept. in 2014 was lower than corre-sponding period in 2013,and that of the hospital during Jan.-Sept. in 2014 was lower than corresponding period in 2013,but dur-ing Oct.-Dec. in 2014 was slightly higher than corresponding period in 2013. Single type of antibacterial drugs were mainly used in outpatient department,accounting for 91.50% and 90.77% of antibacterial drug prescriptions in 2013 and 2014;two-drug account-ed for 8.44% and 9.11%. The top 3 antibacterial drugs in the list of DDDs during 2013-2014 were roxithromycin,cefuroxime and cefminox. CONCLUSIONS:The use of antibacterial drugs is up to the requirements of Nation Special Rectification Actirity for Clin-ical Application of Antibacterial Drugs in 2013. The prescription comment improve the quality of antibacterial drug prescriptions and rational use index greatly in outpatient department,but the application rate of antibacterial drugs is too high in some depart-ment. There still is irrational use of antibacterial drugs.

Objective: To investigate the absorption and transepithelial transport characteristics of scutellarin and scutellarein in the human colonic adenocarcinoma cell (Caco-2) monolayer model. The influence factors on these two compounds' absorption were investigated, such as buffer solution, duration of culture, and inhibitors of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP(2)), breast cancer drug resistance protein (BCRP) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Methods: By using Caco-2 monolayer as an intestinal epithelial cell model, the transport process was studied from apical (AP) side to basolateral (BL) side or from BL to AP. The two compounds were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode-array-detector detection. Transport parameters and apparent permeability coeffients (P(app)) were calculated. Results: The P(app) values of scutellarin and scutellarein were different in two buffer solutions, respectively. In phosphate buffered saline, scutellarin had no absorption from AP to BL, while its P(app) value was 0.74×10(-6) to 1.58×10(-6) cm/s from BL to AP. The P(app) values of scutellarein were 4.33×10(-6) to 6.79×10(-6) cm/s and 1.32×10(-6) to 2.56×10(-6) cm/s from AP to BL and from BL to AP, respectively. The P(app) value gradually decreased with time. The absorption of scutellarein was better than that of scutellarin. The scutellarin absorption was improved by verapamil, MK-571 and reserpine. The scutellarein absorption was improved by verapamil whereas its excretion was improved by MK-571. Conclusion: Absorption of scutellarin is difficult in Caco-2 monolayer cells, which contributes to its low bioavailability. Scutellarein absorption is better than scutellarin absorption. Scutellarein transepithelial transport is passive diffusion. The inhibitor of P-gp can improve scutellarin and scutellarein transportation. The inhibitors of MRP(2) and BCRP can promote transportation of scutellarin. The inhibitor of MRP(2) can promote efflux of scutellarein. The multidrug resistance-associated protein may be the second reason for low bioavailability of scutellarin.

ObjectiveTo understand the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Jingzhou from 2016 to 2021， so as to provide scientific evidence for the formulation of influenza prevention and control policies in this region， and effectively protect people's health. MethodsData of influenza-like illness （ILI） and pathogen surveillance in Jingzhou during 2016‒2021 were collected and statistically analyzed. ResultsA total of 46 272 ILI cases were reported from two hospitals in Jingzhou City from 2016 to 2021. The difference in the constituent ratio of ILI was statistically significant among different age groups （P<0.05）. A total of 12 812 specimens were collected from two hospitals for influenza surveillance. A total of 1 513 cases were RNA positive，and the positive rate of influenza virus nucleic acid detection was 11.81％. The RNA positive specimens were mainly B （Victoria）， accounting for 39.33％. There were statistically significant differences in the positive rate of influenza virus nucleic acids and different types of influenza virus nucleic acids among different years （P<0.05）. ConclusionThe influenza epidemic in Jingzhou peaks in winter and spring， and the new A （H1），A （H3）， B （Victoria） and B （Yamagata） types alternate and mixed epidemics dominate.

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza virus in severe acute respiratory tract infection (SARI) cases in Jingzhou City, so as to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of influenza prevention and control policies in Jingzhou City. MethodsSARI surveillance was carried out in two sentinel hospitals in Jingzhou City from 2018 to 2023. Respiratory tract samples were collected from cases and influenza virus nucleic acid was measured using real-time fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). ResultsA total of 2 603 SARI samples were tested from 2018 to 2023, and 338 samples were positive for influenza virus nucleic acid, with a detection rate of 12.99%. The highest positive detection rate was 20.22% in 2019, followed by 14.29% in 2022, and the lowest detection rate was 7.75% in 2020. There were significant differences for the positive detection rates of influenza in each monitoring year (χ²=30.386, P<0.001). There were epidemic peaks in the five surveillance years from 2018 to 2023 except 2020. There were winter epidemic peaks during 2018‒2019 and 2021‒2022, and an obvious summer epidemic peak was also observed from 2019 to 2022. H1N1, H3N2, B-Victoria and B-Yamagata were alternately prevalent in the six surveillance years. In 2019, H1N1, H3N2 and B-Victoria were alternately prevalent with time progress, in 2021 only B-Victoria was prevalent, and in 2022 H3N2 and B-Victoria were prevalent. There was no statistically significant difference for the positive detection rates of influenza virus between different genders (χ²=0.178, P=0.673). Among the four age groups, the positive rate of influenza virus in the age group of 15‒<25 years old was the highest (40.91%), followed by the age group of 25‒<60 years old (21.31%). There were statistically significant differences for the positive rates of influenza virus among different age groups (χ²=24.496, P<0.001). ConclusionThe surveillance of SARI cases in Jingzhou City could serve as an effective supplement to the surveillance of ILI in sentinel hospitals. It is suggested to expand the surveillance scope, strengthen public education and outreach on the prevention and control of respiratory diseases, thereby providing a scientific basis for influenza prevention and control.

Objective To observe the destructive effects of chlorine disinfectants on the nucleic acid of novel coronavirus, and to assess the feasibility of real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR technology for the evaluation of the disinfection effect of novel coronavirus. Methods A suspension quantitative inactivation test was used to observe the inactivation effects of different concentrations of chlorine containing disinfectants and different action times on the novel coronavirus. RT-PCR method was used to detect novel coronavirus nucleic acid for the disinfection effect evaluation. Results The chlorine disinfectants of 1 000 mg/L and 2 000 mg/L could destroy the nucleic acid of ew coronavirusafter application for over 30s. The chlorine disinfectant of 750 mg/L could destroy the nucleic acid of new coronavirusafter application for over 15min. Chlorine disinfectant of 500 mg/L could not completely destroy the nucleic acid of new coronavirusafter 30 min action. Conclusion The disinfection method stipulated in the national prevention and control plan using 1 000mg / L effective chlorine for the epidemic sites of new coronavirus for 30 minutes could completely destroy the nucleic acid of new coronavirus. The Real-time quantitative PCR can be used to evaluate the disinfection effect of new coronavirus.