In recent years, the prevalence of allergic rhinitis in children had increased significantly.After a period of time, some children developed into bronchial asthma on the basis of allergic rhinitis, while others did not.To clarify the risk factors of bronchial asthma in children with allergic rhinitis and take early intervention measures are of great significance to the prevention and treatment of bronchial asthma.This article reviews the roles on asthma development of genetics, allergen exposure, types of rhinitis, passive smoking, respiratory infections, early use of antibiotics, and intervention treatment.

Objective: To explore the risk factors of bronchial asthma in children with allergic rhinitis, and to provide evidence for the early diagnosis, treatment and prevention of asthma in children with allergic rhinitis. Methods: Children with allergic rhinitis and children with allergic rhinitis and asthma, who attended the Allergy Clinic of the Capital Institute of Pediatrics from November 2019 to October 2020, were recruited for the study. Medical history, clinical characteristics, allergen types and risk factors were collected and analyzed. Results: A total of 117 children with allergic rhinitis and 111 children with allergic rhinitis that subsequently developed into asthma were included. The results of the univariate analysis showed that the occurrence of asthma in children with allergic rhinitis was associated with the course of rhinitis, severity of rhinitis, type of rhinitis, seasonal onset, history of pet contact, family history of allergic diseases, mold, ragweed, dermatophagoides culinae and dust mite sensitization( χ 2=6.15, 8.79, 3.99, 9.44, 5.17, 4.43, 8.48, 10.38, 6.18, 5.31, P <0.05). The Logistic regression analysis showed that rhinitis severity( OR = 7.03 ), family history of allergic diseases( OR =8.24), mold( OR =5.19), and household dust mite sensitization ( OR =25.25) were positively correlated with the occurrence of asthma in children with allergic rhinitis( P <0.05), and dust mite sensitization was the strongest risk factor. Conclusion The development of asthma in children with allergic rhinitis is affected by many factors, among which the severity of rhinitis, family history of allergic diseases and dust mite sensitization are the most important factors.