Since the theory of microcosmic syndrome differentiation was put forward in 1986, Chinese medicine academia has been unremittingly exploring this theory. Efforts were made to explain the syndrome in Chi-nese medicine with objective index of modern medicine, so that different syndromes of the same disease can be rec-ognized on the quantitative view and then apply syndrome differentiation with objective index. This paper compre-hensively analyzed and got the primary causes why microcosmic syndrome differentiation was difficult to apply. It in-cluded no-identical criterion, research design such as the choice of syndrome, reference syndrome, objective index and microcosmic level. Additionally, too many virtual syndromes resulting from applying syndrome differentiation on western medicine diseases existed widely. Consequently, it is extremely urgent that solve these problems and regulate the research thought.

Through the investigation on functions of E.rutaecarpain ancient herbal literatures,ancient prescriptions and the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2010 edition),it showed that the basic function of E.rutaecarpa recorded in herbal literatures through dynasties was similar to that of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.However,the disappearance of Euodia rutaecarpa's functions in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia were dampness-eliminating,blood-activating,spleen-invigorating,phlegm-eliminating,wind-dispelling,and guiding fire to its source,which had been recorded in ancient herb literatures.ThePu-Ji-Fang database management system contained prescriptions with Euodia rutaecarpa in the treatment of asthenia,Bi syndrome,stroke,scabies,edema,phlegm,leukorrhagia,epigastric pain,menoxenia,lochiostasis,fractures,sore,aphtha,and etc,which were absent from the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.In conclusion,we preliminarily confirmed that Euodia rutaecarpahad potential functions in activating blood to resolve stasis,dispelling wind and eliminating dampness,nourishing deficiency and invigorating the spleen,resolving toxins,relieving cough and eliminating phlegm,soothing liver to stop wind,as well as stopping bleeding.

Enterprise and competent department in China start to explore evaluation method and technique,as revaluation of Chinese patent medicine has been paid high attention in recent years.However,many problems of Chinese patent medicine standard itself commonly have been neglected in the revaluation of curative effect.This review comprehensively analyzed problems have to be faced in the revaluation of the curative effect of Chinese patent medicine,such as excessive broad expressions of function and indication,obscure definition of indication,identification between function and indication,correspondence of diseases and syndromes between Chinese and western medicine,feasibility of clinical trials,with the provision of general methods and solutions.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of human papillomavirus in nasopharyngeal carcinomas of Fujian province in China. METHOD: Samples from 70 patients with NPC and 25 controls. All samples were detected HPV DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) suing GP5+/6+ and MY09/11 primers and genotyped by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and HPV 16/18 E6 and LMP-1 using immunohistochemistry and EBER using in situ hybridization. RESULT: Only 2 cases of 70 patients were showed evidence of HPV DNA by PCR, the 2 HPV positive cases subtype HPV-70 and HPV-18 were genotyped by SPR, both the 2 HPV positive cases are non-keratinizing carcinomas (the HPV-70 positive one is differentiated and the HPV-18 positive one is undifferentiated), both the 2 HPV positive cases do not show any evidence of EBV. Data showed that 57 of 70 NPC detected EBER positive, but only 25 out of 70 NPC samples were detected LMP-1 positive. CONCLUSION Our study showed a low prevalence of human papillomavirus in NPC patients of Fujian province in Southern China, there is no evidence about HPV and EBV co-infection.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma ; China ; epidemiology ; DNA, Viral ; isolation & purification ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; epidemiology ; Female ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; virology ; Papillomaviridae ; classification ; isolation & purification ; Papillomavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; Young Adult

Objective To evaluate the effects of chest wall reconstruction after tumor resection patients with chest wall defect. Methods From March 1999 to August 2008,28 patients with chest wall tumor underwent chest wall reconstruction.The number of rib resected was 3-6. Twenty-one huge chest wall defects underwent chest wall reconstruction using titanium alloy steel artificial rib. The materials for the soft tissue reconstruction include latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap. Results No died of operation, postoperative respiratory function was good, no abnormal breathing exercises. Concurrent osseous tissue repair and rebuilt in 3 cases, the fluid recovered after conservative therapy. Followed-up 8-76 months,2 cases were lost, follow-up rate was 92.9% ,4 cases with benign tumor existed 7.8,7.2,5.4 and 3.6 years, 22 cases with malignant tumor after 1, 3, 5 years survival rate were 77.3% (17/22) ,63.2% (12/19),41.2% (7/17) respectively. Conclusion A favorable clinical outcome can be achieved by titanium alloy steel artificial rib reconstruction of chest wall.

Objective: To explore the risk factors of bronchial asthma in children with allergic rhinitis, and to provide evidence for the early diagnosis, treatment and prevention of asthma in children with allergic rhinitis. Methods: Children with allergic rhinitis and children with allergic rhinitis and asthma, who attended the Allergy Clinic of the Capital Institute of Pediatrics from November 2019 to October 2020, were recruited for the study. Medical history, clinical characteristics, allergen types and risk factors were collected and analyzed. Results: A total of 117 children with allergic rhinitis and 111 children with allergic rhinitis that subsequently developed into asthma were included. The results of the univariate analysis showed that the occurrence of asthma in children with allergic rhinitis was associated with the course of rhinitis, severity of rhinitis, type of rhinitis, seasonal onset, history of pet contact, family history of allergic diseases, mold, ragweed, dermatophagoides culinae and dust mite sensitization( χ 2=6.15, 8.79, 3.99, 9.44, 5.17, 4.43, 8.48, 10.38, 6.18, 5.31, P <0.05). The Logistic regression analysis showed that rhinitis severity( OR = 7.03 ), family history of allergic diseases( OR =8.24), mold( OR =5.19), and household dust mite sensitization ( OR =25.25) were positively correlated with the occurrence of asthma in children with allergic rhinitis( P <0.05), and dust mite sensitization was the strongest risk factor. Conclusion The development of asthma in children with allergic rhinitis is affected by many factors, among which the severity of rhinitis, family history of allergic diseases and dust mite sensitization are the most important factors.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) gene A/G polymorphism with susceptibility to diabetes mellitus in Han Chinese.

METHODSAn A/G transition at position 49 of exon 1 was analyzed in 31 patients with type 1 diabetes, 31 patients with type 2 diabetes, and 36 controls were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.

RESULTSA highly significant increase in the frequency of the G allele was seen in patients with type 1 diabetes compared with controls (66.1 % vs. 34.7%, respectively; P < 0.0005; OR = 3.670) . This reflected an increase in the GG genotype in patients (48.4% vs. 22.2%, respectively; P =0.025; OR =3.281) and a significant decrease in the AA genotype (16.1 % vs. 52.8%, respectively; P = 0.002). The allele frequencies of A and G in patients with type 2 diabetes were not significantly different from controls(A/G, 50.0/50.0% vs. 65.3/34.7%; P = not significant) . The distribution of genotype, however, differed significantly. This difference reflected an increase in the AG genotype in patients (54.8% vs.25.0%, respectively; P=0.012; OR=3.643) and a decrease in the AA genotype (22.6% vs. 52.8%, respectively; P=0.011).

CONCLUSIONSCTLA-4 49 AA is protective from diabetes mellitus, whereas, CTLA-4 49 G allele (both as homozygotes and as heterozygotes ) confers an increased risk of diabetes mellitus.

Abatacept ; Antigens, CD ; Antigens, Differentiation ; genetics ; CTLA-4 Antigen ; China ; ethnology ; Diabetes Mellitus ; genetics ; Humans ; Immunoconjugates ; Polymorphism, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo establish the liver-depression and spleen-deficiency syndrome model in rats to screen the optimal extraction method of small compound Yueanjian on the basis of pharmacodynamic and chemical indicators.

METHODThe PMS liver-depression and spleen-deficiency syndrome model were established by the chronic restraint stress method and treatment with Yueanjian extracted by three methods: water-extraction, steam-distillation and alcohol-extraction. Behavioral performances and the contents of estradiol and progestin in serum were determined before and after the administration of the three extracts. The contents of salvianolic acid B in these three extracts were detected by HPLC. The optimal extraction method of Yueanjian was selected according to pharmacodynamic results.

RESULTThe contents of estradiol and progestin in groups treated with steam distillations and alcoholic extraction were higher than the model group. In the open field test, the group treated with steam distillations showed much higher scores than the model group. HPLC showed that the content of salvianolic acid B extracted by steam-distillation was higher than the other two extracts.

CONCLUSIONOn the basis of pharmacodynamic and chemical results, the steam-distillation was proved to be best extraction method of Yueanjian.

Animals ; Benzofurans ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Distillation ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; therapeutic use ; Estradiol ; blood ; Female ; Premenstrual Syndrome ; blood ; drug therapy ; Progestins ; blood ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVE: To study whether cancer stem cells promotes resistance of laryngeal squamous cancer to irradiation mediated by hypoxia. METHOD: Hep-2 cells were respectively cultured in hypoxia and normoxia environment, and the express of HIF-la was detected by western blot. Then they were radiated with different doses of gamma-rays. After that we detected growth inhibition ratio with MTT assay, cell circle and ratio of CD133+ cells with Flow cytometry at different times. RESULT: MTT assay showed that inhibition ratio of the hypoxia group was lower than that of the normoxia group after different doses of gamma-rays at each time point, and the difference was significant 24 h after 10 Gy irradiation (P < 0.05). The results of Flow cytometry demonstrated that cells of the two groups were arrested at G1 phase, and cells ratio in G1 phase of the hypoxia group was higher than that of he normoxia group after 10 Gy irradiation. The ratio of CD133-positive cells was higher in the hypoxia group than in the normoxia group after radiation, and difference was significant 24 h after 10 Gy irradiation (P < 0.05). In each group, the ratio of CD133-positive cells became higher after radiation than that before radiation (P < 0. 05). CONCLUSION We can conclude that cancer stem cells play an important role in radioresistance mediated by hypoxia.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; radiotherapy ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Gamma Rays ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; radiotherapy ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; cytology ; Radiation Tolerance

Objective:To report a case of autosomal recessive dyskeratosis congenita, and to detect mutations in its causative genes.Methods:Peripheral blood samples were collected from the proband and her parents, genomic DNA was extracted, and 100 unrelated healthy individuals served as controls. The Illumina Nextseq500 sequencer was used to detect sequence variations in coding regions of exons of the skin disease-related genes in the proband′s family, and the causative mutation was verified by PCR-Sanger sequencing. The conservation and pathogenicity of gene mutation sites and corresponding protein structure changes were predicted by using bioinformatics softwares Clustalw2.0, PyMOL, PolyPhen-2, SIFT and FATHMM.Results:The proband clinically presented with reticular poikilodermatous patches on the neck and chest, punctate pigmentation on the axilla, atrophy of some toenails, rough skin and oral leukoplakia, accompanied by abnormality in some indicators of routine blood tests and liver function. Genetic testing showed that the proband carried compound heterozygous mutations c.2452G>A (p.Val818Met) and c.2594G>A (p.Arg865His) in the TERT gene, and the c.2452G>A mutation was not included in the Human Gene Mutation Database. The proband′s mother carried a heterozygous mutation c.2452G>A, and no mutation was identified in the TERT gene of her father or 100 healthy controls. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the amino acid positions 818 and 865 of TERT proteins in multiple species were highly conserved and completely conserved respectively, and the corresponding protein structures changed after the above gene mutations. Based on the clinical manifestations, genetic testing, auxiliary examinations, and bioinformatics analysis results, the patient was finally diagnosed with autosomal recessive dyskeratosis congenita.Conclusion:The compound heterozygous mutations c.2594G>A (p.Arg865His) and c.2452G>A (p.Val818Met) in the TERT gene may be responsible for the clinical phenotype of the proband.