Objective:To explore the immunity provided to BALB/c mice by immunization with the recombinant ricin B chain protein (rRTB). Methods:Female BALB/c mice were randomly selected into rRTB-vaccinated group and PBS group. Mice were subcu-taneously (s. c. ) injected four times with 14 days immunization time interval. Changes of antibodies (IgG,IgG1and IgG2a) in serum were detected by ELISA. Meanwhile,the expression of IL-4 and IFN-γ were detected by flow cytometry. Results:The mean IgG titers reached 106 after the fourth immunization and a strong secondary response was induced in vaccinated mice when challenged with toxin. There was significant difference between rRTB-vaccinated group and PBS group ( P<0. 05 ) . The same result was shown in IgG1. However,no changed was detected in IgG2a. Meanwhile,there was significant difference for IL-4 between two groups (P<0. 05), while no significant difference for IFN-γwas observed. Conclusion:rRTB can produce higher levels of antigen-specific antibodies ( IgG and IgG1),and cytokine (IL-4) of splenocytes,which means the recombinant protein can induce the Th2-type immune response and trigger a good immune response. rRTB may be a potentially valuable vaccine candidate against human exposure to AT.

Objective To investigate the roles of transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1 gene polymorphisms in severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus(SARS-CoV)infection and the interstitial lung fibrosis after recovered.Methods Sixty-five recovered SARS patients,37 health care workers and 66 healthy controls were enrolled in this case-case study.The association between genetic polymorphisms of TG F-β1 and suscept ibility to SARS or interstitial lung changes after SARS reco,vered was carried out.Polymerase chain reaction-sequencing based typing(PCR-SBT)method was used to determine the polymorphisms of TGF-β1 gene at locus+869 and+915.Data were analyzed using t test and chi square test.Results There was no significant association of TGF+β1 gene polymorphisms at locus+869 and+915 in recovered SARS patients,health care workers and heahhy controls.And gene linkage of this two loci was not related with SARS-CoV susceptibility.Furthermore,no association between interstitial lung changes in recovered SARS palients and TGF-β1 gene polymorphisms or genetic linkage of this two loci.Conclusions It may not be related between TGFβ1 gene polymorphisms at locus+869 and+915 and SARS-CoV susceptibility.And interstitial lung changes in recovered SARS patients may not be influenced by TGF-β1 gene polymorphisms.

Objective:To explore the associations of MYH9 gene polymorphisms with ESRD in Han population in the fragment between exon 23 and 24.Methods:A hospital-based case control study was carried out including 180 patients and 118 controls in this study.Single nucleotide polymorphisms of MYH9 gene were determined using PCR sequencing,and the haplotypes were calculated using phase software(version 2.0),and transcription factor binding sites were predicted using AliBaba2.Univariate analysis was conducted for exploring the associations between polymorphisms and ESRD.Results: Five newly discovered and three previously reported SNP loci [Rs4821480(MYH9-92),Rs2032487(MYH9-273) and Rs4821481(MYH9-787)]were homozygote genotyped by bidirectional se-quencing.Among newly discovered polymorphisms,two were found at the 489 locus(G→A)and the 616 locus(A→C) in the 901 bp fragment which located in the intron 23 of MYH9 gene.A G489A transversion was very likely a risk mutation contribute to the occurrence of ESRD(P=0.013).No association was observed between ESRD and three previous reported sites [Rs4821480(MYH9-92),Rs2032487(MYH9-273)and Rs4821481(MYH9-787)].The most common haplotype was TCTCGGAT,which was less frequent in the cases than that in the controls.Moreover, TCTCGGCT and TCTCAGAT haplotypes were more in the cases than that in the controls.The number of transcription binding sites increased from 82 ( wild ) to 85 ( mutation ) in the 23th intron of MYH9 gene.Conclusion:Polymorphisms of MYH9 at intron 23 may influence the prevalence of ESRD in Chinese Han population and TCTCGGAT haplotype may be one protective haplotype.TCTCGGCT and TCTCAGAT may be risk haplotypes attributed to ESRD.The polymorphism of MYH9 at the 23th intron may company with the amount alteration of transcription factor binding sites.

Objective:To investigate the current comorbidity status among hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia in residents aged 35-75 years in Tianjin and to explore the main influencing factors to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of chronic disease comorbidity.Methods:From June 2019 to November 2023, 10 districts (Hedong, Hexi, Dongli, Beichen, Nankai, Xiqing, Wuqing, Baodi, Jizhou, and Binhai New District) in Tianjin were selected as the project sites. The community and natural village was used as the primary sampling unit, and each project site selected the screening sites by cluster random sampling method. Residents aged 35-75 who lived in the screening sites for 6 months and above were surveyed by questionnaire, physical examination, and biochemical tests. The chi-square test, analysis of variance, and multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Age-standardized prevalence was based on the data of the sixth national census.Results:A total of 146 832 participants were included in this study, including 61 994 males (42.22%) and 84 838 females (57.78%), with an age of (56.83±8.84) years. The number of people with only one disease was 55 485 (37.79%), the number of people with two diseases was 36 942 (25.16%), and the number of people with three diseases was 9 683 (6.59%). The prevalence of hypertension combined with dyslipidemia was the highest (17.23%), and the standardized prevalence were 14.44%. The prevalence rates of three diseases and hypertension combined with diabetes was 6.59% and 4.98%, respectively, and the standardized prevalence was 5.42% and 4.11%, respectively. The prevalence of diabetes combined with dyslipidemia was 2.95%, and the standardized prevalence was 2.45%. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that advanced age (65- 75 years old: OR=2.69, 95% CI: 2.28-3.18), overweight/obesity (overweight: OR=2.21, 95% CI: 2.02-2.41; obesity: OR=4.50, 95% CI: 4.03-5.02), daily smoking ( OR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.72-2.24), regular and heavy drinking ( OR=1.63, 95% CI: 1.18-2.27), family history of hypertension/diabetes/hyperlipidemia (family history of hypertension: OR=81.17, 95% CI: 74.68-88.22; family history of diabetes: OR=15.26, 95% CI: 13.71-16.99; family history of hyperlipidemia: OR=7.13, 95% CI: 5.92-8.59), tea drinking (occasional tea drinking group: OR=1.74, 95% CI: 1.52-2.00; frequent tea drinking group: OR=2.23, 95% CI: 1.92-2.59) were risk factors for the comorbidity of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia (all P<0.05), while higher education level was a protective factor (senior high school/technical secondary school: OR=0.79, 95% CI: 0.72-0.86; college/bachelor's degree and above: OR=0.60, 95% CI: 0.53-0.68, all P<0.001). Conclusions:The comorbidity rate of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia is high in residents aged 35-75 years in Tianjin. It is necessary to strengthen the co-management of blood pressure, blood glucose, and blood lipid in key populations with old age, overweight/obesity, junior high school education or below, daily smoking, daily drinking, occasional or frequent tea drinking, and family history of hypertension/diabetes/dyslipidemia, and promote a healthy lifestyle.

Objective:To understand the interaction effect of general obesity, central obesity, and dyslipidemia on the risk of hypertension to provide scientific evidence for the early prevention and control of hypertension.Methods:From 2019 to 2023, 10 of the 16 districts in Tianjin were selected as project sites. A community and a natural village were selected as monitoring sites in each project site using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method. A questionnaire, physical, and biochemical examination were conducted on permanent residents aged 35-75 who had lived in the surveillance sites for more than half a year. The chi-square test univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. The multiplicative and additive models were used to calculate the interaction between general obesity and dyslipidemia, as well as central obesity and dyslipidemia, respectively.Results:A total of 177 160 subjects were included in the study, with an age of (56.44±8.62) years old. There were 29 535 (16.67%) patients with general obesity, 67 338 (38.01%) patients with central obesity, 64 906 (36.64%) patients with dyslipidemia, and 90 266 (50.95%) patients with hypertension. Multiplication interaction analysis results showed that, after adjusting for gender, age, culture level, marriage status, drinking, smoking, and diabetes, the multiplicative interactions between general obesity and dyslipidemia, and central obesity and dyslipidemia on hypertension were statistically significant (all P<0.001), and the adjusted OR and 95% CI were 2.57 (2.47-2.68) and 2.14 (2.08-2.20), respectively. The results of the additive interaction analysis demonstrated that after adjusting for relevant variables, the relative excess risk of interaction ( RERI), the attributable proportion of interaction ( API), and the synergy index ( SI) of the interaction between generalized obesity and dyslipidemia were 0.48 (95% CI: 0.33-0.63), 0.15 (95% CI: 0.11-0.19), and 1.27 (95% CI: 1.18-1.36), respectively; the RERI, API, and SI of the interaction between central obesity and dyslipidemia were 0.37 (95% CI: 0.28-0.46), 0.13 (95% CI: 0.10-0.16), and 1.25 (95% CI: 1.18-1.32), respectively. Conclusions:There might be multiplicative and additive interactions between general obesity, central obesity, and dyslipidemia on the risk of hypertension. Simultaneous control of BMI, waist circumference, and blood lipid levels may effectively reduce the risk of hypertension.