OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics and regularity of ADR cases caused by leflunomide, and to provide reference for rational use of it. METHODS: Literatures about leflunomide-inducing ADR were retrieved from CNKI between 1994 and Apr. 2010. Those literatures were statistically analyzed in respect of patient’s age and gender, route of administration, dosage of drugs, onset time of ADR, organs and systems involved in ADR and its clinical manifestations, treatment and outcomes, etc. RESULTS: 37 pieces of literatures were obtained with standard cases of 45. The incidence of ADR cases in female(75.56%) was higher than in males (24.44%). 28 ADR cases were in 50～60 group. 39 patients were treated with leflunomide 10～30 mg once a day. After treatment, the most common gastrointestinal adverse events occurred in 1～15 d. Leflunomide-inducing ADR was digestive system reaction (75.56%) the most. Patients who took medicine less than 10 days with mild ADR need not to stop taking medicine when clinical symptoms reduced or disappeared after symptomatic treatment. Patients who took medicine more than 10 days with severe ADR need to stop taking medicine and receive symptomatic treatment. CONCLUSION: Clinical physicians should pay attention to rational use of leflunomide and ADR during treatment course to reduce the harm due to adverse events.

OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of clozapine on blood glucose and insulin levels in schizophrenic patients. METHODS:This is a self-controlled study in which the levels of blood glucose and insulin in clozapine group(n=63) were compared before and after treatment,and which were compared with the levels in the control group(n=64).Insular cellular antibody(ICA) and insulin autoantibody(IAA) were detected in patients with high level of blood glucose.RESULTS:After treatment for 8 weeks,the blood glucose level was increased in clozapine group as compared with the same group before treatment and the control group,showing significant differences(P

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the distribution and drugs resistance of pathogenic bacteria causing nosocomial infection over 2 years in our hospital.METHODS:A total of 4 653 strains of pathogens were analyzed statistically by retrospective study.RESULTS:Among 4 653 strains of pathogens,709 were fungi(15.2%),1 078 were Gram-positive cocci(23.2%)and 2 866 were Gram-negative bacilli(61.6%).Over the 2 years,the detection rates of extended spectrum ?-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp.were 36.5% and 27.9%,respectively.The average resistance rate of Gram-positive cocci to penicillin,oxacillin,cefazolin,erythromycin,Co-trimoxazole and ciprofloxacin over the 2 years were 84.5%.The average resistance rate of Gram-negative bacilli to ampicillin was 96.0% and to cefotaxime,cefepime,gentamycin,Co-trimoxazole,ciprofloxacin and aztreonam were 52.7% in 2 years.CONCLUSION:Over the 2 years,Gram-negative bacilliin strains causing hospital nosocomial infections increased,Gram-positive cocci strains remain stable,but fungous infection showed a decline tendency.In view of the increasing drug resistance,rational use of antimicrobial agents should be stressed in the clinic.

OBJECTIVE: To establish GC-MS method for the determination of the Menthol in inclusion complex of compound essential oil-? -cyclodextrin. METHODS: Menthol was determined with ion fragment peak ( M/Z=71) . The chromatographic column was DM-5 fused silica capillary column ( 0. 25mm? 30m) ; the internal standard was naphthol and the temperature programming was 80～ 180℃ . RESULTS: The calibration curves of Menthol were linear in the ranges of 1. 344～ 10. 752? g? mL-1( r=0. 999 8) and the average recovery was 97. 52% , RSD=1. 56% . CONCLUSION: The method is rapid, accurate and reproducible, and suitable for the quality control of the same kind of the preparation.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by emotional regulation, interpersonal relationship, self-image and impulse control instability. It is a mental disorder with high morbidity, high mortality and difficult treatment. Psychotherapy is the main treatment for this disease. However, current mainstream psychotherapy, such as dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), has certain limitations, so it is necessary to find a more convenient and effective treatment method. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), as the representative therapy of the third generation of cognitive therapy, aims to make individuals accept inevitable pain, find their own value and commit to action, and finally improve their psychological flexibility to live a meaningful life. ACT has been used in the treatment of a variety of mental disorders, and the effect is significant. By expounding the pathogenesis of BPD and the theoretical model of ACT, this paper analyzed the rationality and feasibility of ACT intervention in BPD from the pathological model and treatment model of ACT. Finally, the research results of ACT treating BPD in recent years were summarized. The results show that ACT provides a promising method for the treatment of BPD patients, however, more studies are needed to prove its use in this group and its specific mechanism.

Objective To investigate the mechanisms of tacrolimus on the migration of Langerhans′ cells. Methods The concentration of MCP-1 in the cultured supernatants of HaCaT cell treated with tacrolimus was determined by ELISA. The expression level of MCP-1 mRNA in HaCaT cell treated with tacrolimus was studied by RT-PCR method. Results The concentration of MCP-1 in HaCaT cell treated with 625 ～ 5 000 ng/mL of tacrolimus was significantly decreased. The expression level of MCP-1 mRNA was also markedly decreased. Conclusions Tacrolimus may probably decrease the expression of MCP-1 in keratinocytes and suppress the chemotactic ability of Langerhans′ cells precursor and Langerhans′ cells, thus inhibiting or diminishing certain local immunoreaction.

Objective: Based on the dual-factor model of mental health, this study aims to explore the effects of acceptance and commitment therapy on the mental health of high school students. Methods: During Oct. to Nov. 2017, General Health Questionnaire12(GHQ-12) and Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale21(DASS-21) was administered among 543 high school students from a middle school in Nanchang. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 20 high school students were screened and were randomly assigned to the intervention group and control group, respectively. The intervention group received one intervention (1.5 h) per week for 8 weeks. The control group did not receive the intervention. Pre-and post-intervention assessment were conducted using the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-2nd Edition (AAQ-II), the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire-Fusion (CFQ-F), the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), the Positive Affect Scale (PAS), the GHQ-12, and the DASS-21. Results: After intervention, the post-test scores of AAQ-II, CFQ-F, GHQ-12, and DASS-21 in the intervention group significantly decreased (t=2.91, 2.47, 4.91, 4.42, P<0.05) and the post-test score on PAS significantly increased (t=-5.27, P<0.01). There were no statistical changes in AAQ-II, CFQ-F, GHQ-12, and DASS-21 scores in the control group after intervention (t=-1.25, -0.09, -0.61, -0.69, -0.81, P>0.05). Conclusion Acceptance and commitment therapy can effectively improve the psychological flexibility and positive emotions, as well as alleviate general psychological distress and negative emotions, and promote the improvement of mental health of high school students.

ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnosis and correlative factors of suspected severe acute respiratory synd rome (SARS) cases, and finally, complete the diagnosis and treatment.MethodsTo analyze the clinical, laboratory data,chest radiog raph and treatment of 100 suspected SARS cases.ResultsAmong 100 suspected SARS cases,66 were diagnosed as SARS,4 were mycoplasma l pneumonia, 2 were pulmonary tuberculosis,the others were general bacteria pne umonia.Conclusions SARS hasn't characteristic clin ical manifestation.Because there is not a gold diagnosis standard up to now, the disinfection and isolation of suspected SARS cases should be treated as SARS c ases. In order to prevent missed and misdiagnosis, the diagnosis and treatment s hould be synthetically thought.

Objective To explore the change of serum insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2) and its relationship with clinical characteristics in patients with schizophrenia. Methods Fifty-one schizophrenic patients were recruited in the present study and 50 healthy volunteers served as controls. The serum IGF-2 level was measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to evaluate the psychotic symp?toms of patients. Trail Making Test-A (TMTA), Digit-Symbol Coding Test (DSCT), Continuous Performance Test (CPT) and Stroop Color-Word Test (SCWT) were used to evaluate the cognitive function of both groups. Results There were sig?nificant differences in the results of TMTA, DSCT, CPT and SCWT between patient and control groups. The serum levels of IGF-2 were significantly lower in patients than that in controls [(202.7±40.7) ng/mL vs. (365.9±65.5) ng/mL, P<0.01]. The levels of serum IGF-2 were not significantly different between first-episode and recurrent schizophrenic patients (P>0.05). Furthermore, significant correlations were found between the serum IGF-2 level and the negative symptom sub?scale of PANSS (r=-0.397, P=0.004), CPT score (r=0.378, P=0.006), SCWT-word number (r=0.289, P=0.040), SC? WT-color number (r=0.327, P=0.019) and SCWT-word/color number (r=0.386, P=0.005) in schizophrenic patients. Con?clusion The serum IGF-2 levels of patients with schizophrenia are significantly lower than that of healthy controls, and the IGF-2 level is associated with the severity of negative symptoms and cognitive impairments in patients, indicating that serum IGF-2 might be an indicator of the severity of schizophrenia.