OBJECTIVE: To explore the possibility mechanism of non-side population cells (NSP) of Hep-2 be induced into stem-like cancer cells by chemotherapy drug--cisplatin. METHOD: Hep-2 cell lines were sorted by fluorescence-actived cell sorting. The acquired NSP cells in trail group were co-cultured with cisplatin for more than 48 hours,while the control group with normal saline(NS). Then identified the percentage of the side population (SP) cells by flow cytometer. The β-catenin, notch-1 mRNA in trial and control group were detected using quantitative realtime PCR, and the β-catenin, notch-1 protein in two groups were compared by Western blot. RESULT: The percentage of side population cells in two groups were (17.16 ± 0.18)%, (10.05 ± 1.20)%, respectively. There was significant difference between two groups (t = 5.844, P < 0.01). The expression of β-catenin, notch-1 was higher in trail group by qRT-PCR; the protein levels of β- catenin, notch-1 was found to inceased in the trail group by Western blot (t = 5.155, P = 0.031; t = 5.977, P = 0.004). Statistical analysis showed significant difference between two groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION NSP cells can be differentiated into stem-like cancer cells after being treating with cisplatin. The supposed mechanism is maybe through wnt/β-catenin, notch signaling transduction pathway abnormalities.
Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Separation ; Cisplatin ; pharmacology ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; drug effects ; RNA, Messenger ; Signal Transduction ; beta Catenin

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of laryngeal cancer Hep-2 cells to cisplatin chemosensitivity after the interference of siRNA of β-catenin gene expression. METHOD: Using a small interference RNA (siRNA) technology interfere β-catenin gene of Hep-2 cells . The mRNA and protein levels of β-catenin in the Hep-2 cells of different groups were detected by qPCR and Western blot. It was divided into siRNA-β-catenin-Hep-2 siRNA group, β-catenin-Neg negative control group and blank control group. Cell proliferation inhibition rate of different concentrations of cisplatin on three groups was detected by MTT assay. Calculate the 50% inhibitory effective concentration IC50 value. Check the change of three groups of cells' apoptosis rate by flow cytometry after the same concentrations of cisplatin stimulation. RESULT: β-catenin-siRNA interference fragment can specifically reduce the expression levels of β-catenin mRNA and protein. qPCR illustrated the expression of mRNA in β-catenin-siR-NA-Hep-2 interference group decreased 70% (P < 0.05) compared with the control group, Western blot results showed that the β-catenin protein expression of interference group (0. 545 ± 0.111) decreased significantly compared with blank control group (1.507 ± 0.139) and negative control group (1.429 ± 0.089), P < 0.05. The IC50 calculation software showed that IC50 of cisplatin on β-catenin-siRNA IC50 interference group is (5.81 ± 0.46)μg/ml, the blank control group is (10.10 ± 1.01) μg/ml, the difference between the two groups has statistical signifi- cance (P < 0.01). Cell apoptosis rate of β-catenin-siRNA interference group was (26.15 ± 0.60)%, significantly higher than the control group (14.16 ± 0.05)%, P < 0.05. CONCLUSION To interfere the expression of β-catenin can effectively enhance the sensitivity of laryngeal cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs cisplatin. It provides a theoretical support for the reduction of laryngeal cancer chemotherapy drug cisplatin dosage.
Apoptosis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cisplatin ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; genetics ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Messenger ; RNA, Small Interfering ; beta Catenin ; genetics

Objective To estimate the mean annual expenditure of patients with prevalent liver cancer in China on the perspective of the natural progression of the disease and to provide baseline information for liver cancer?related disease burden estimation and evaluation of prevention strategies. Methods A multicenter survey on liver cancer was conducted between 2012 and 2014 in 13 sites where the cancer screening program was conducted in Urban China, by face?to?face interviews with hospitalized patients. Data on basic information, clinical diagnosis and treatment, direct medical expenditure, and direct non?medical expenditure were collected. By?year expenditure and number of visits from the first visit to the end of the survey were analyzed. The trend for the two indicators in each year was analyzed. The subgroup analysis of factors such as sex and age was conducted. All the expenditure data were discounted to the year 2014 and presented in Chinese yuan. The statistical analysis was performed using the SAS 9.4 software. Results A total of 2 222 patients with liver cancer, with a mean age of 55.7±11.2 years, were included. Men accounted for 79.2% (1 759 cases) of the patients, women accounted for 20.8% (463 cases) of the patients, and 75.6% (1 679 cases) of the cases were from cancer hospitals. Stage Ⅰ cases only accounted for 14.1% (299 cases) of all the cases, and most cases were stageⅢorⅣ(62.6%, 1 325 cases). Of the cases, 64.4% (1 430 cases) had pathological information, and 83.6%(1 195 cases) were pathologically hepatocellular carcinoma. The sample sizes for the first 3 years from the first visit were 2 222, 149, and 57, respectively (by?year sample sizes thereafter were<50). The annual total medical expenditures for the first 3 years were 49 091 yuan (95% confidence interval [CI]: 47 376-50 806), 30 506 yuan (95% CI: 26 462-34 549), and 32 100 yuan (95% CI: 25 917-38 283) (P<0.001). The corresponding number of visits were 1.9, 1.6, and 1.5 (P<0.001). The trend for each province was consistent with the overall trend, while the down trend from years 1 to 2 varied among provinces, ranging from 1.4 (Zhejiang province) to 5.6 times (Henan province). For the trend in the first 3 years, differences were found in subgroups such as region (P<0.001) and treatment (P<0.05), instead of sex, age, stage, and other subgroups. Conclusions For liver cancer patients in China, the annual expenditure for the first year in the whole disease course was 1.6 times higher than that for the second year, which varied among provinces. However, information on annual expenditure for the later course of liver cancer is still limited.

Objective : To investigate the pathogenic factors and clinical manifestations of contact stomatitis, and to provide references for its clinical diagnosis and prevention. Methods: The data of 55 subjects with contact stomatitis were analyzed retrospectively, including age, gender, pathogenic factors, type of lesions and site of occurrence. Results: Among the 55 patients, contact stomatitis occurred at all ages, 19 were male, 36 were female, and the ratio of males to females was 1∶1.89. Among 55 patients, 78.18% (43/55) were caused by oral mucosal contact with dental materials: amalgam fillings accounted for 52.73% (29/55), metal crowns accounted for 9.09% (5/55), removable denture plastic bases accounted for 9.09% (5/55), resin fillings accounted for 5.45% (3/55), and alginate impression materials accounted for 1.82% (1/55); 21.82% (12/55) were caused by oral mucosal contact with food and daily necessities. The clinical manifestations of contact stomatitis include lichenoid reaction, erythema and erosion. The most common site of contact stomatitis was the cheek, followed by the tongue, and the lips, and the gingival and palatal areas were relatively rare. In the buccal mucosa, the incidence of lichenoid reaction was 55% (22/40), which was higher than that of erosion (20%) and erythema (25%), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). For tongue, lip, gingiva and palate, there was no significant difference in the incidence of the three lesion types（P > 0.05）. Conclusion Contact stomatitis occurred at all ages, and there are more female patients than males with contact stomatitis. Dental materials, especially metal and acrylic materials (such as the plastic base of removable dentures, resin fillings, adhesives, and self-setting plastics), are the main pathogenic factors. In buccal mucosa, the incidence of lichenoid reaction is higher.

ObjectiveTo observe the lower limb muscle activation strategy of healthy middle-aged and old women during stair ascent and descent with surface electromyography. MethodsFrom August, 2021 to February, 2022, 20 healthy middle-aged and old women were measured the surface electromyography root mean square (RMS) and integrated electromyography (iEMG) of bilateral vastus lateral, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, biceps femoris and semitendinosus during stair ascent and descent, and co-contraction ratio was calculated. ResultsDuring stair ascent, the RMS of bilateral vastus lateral, rectus femoris and vastus medialis was higher at starting stage than at following stage (|t| > 6.650, P < 0.001), while the RMS of biceps femoris and semitendinosus was lower (t > 3.559, P < 0.01); and the co-contraction ratio of hamstrings/quadriceps was lower at starting stage than at following stage (t > 8.185, P < 0.001). During stair descent, the RMS of bilateral vastus lateral, vastus medialis, biceps femoris and semitendinosus was higher at following stage than at starting stage (t > 2.345, P < 0.05), as well as the co-contraction ratio of hamstrings/quadriceps (t > 2.405, P < 0.05). ConclusionThe activities of the muscles around the knees are almost symmetrical during stair ascent and descent for healthy middle-aged and old women. The activation and co-contraction ratio of quadriceps and hamstring are various at starting/following stages.