Objective To investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PRKCG gene (rs2547362,rs3745406) and osteosarcoma susceptibility in the osteosarcoma patients and the normal population.Methods Sixtyone patients with osteosarcoma who had been admitted in our hospital from January 2011 to December 2012 and 63 healthy adults were enrolled in this study.A 2-ml peripheral blood sample was taken from each participant.The RT-qPCR method was used to detect the genotype and allele frequency distribution of PRKCG gene at rs2547362 and rs3745406 in osteosarcoma patients and normal population.Osteosarcoma patients were divided into several groups according to the clinical parameters such as age,gender,histology,tumor location,Enneking classification,tumor metastasis and therapy,and then we analyzed the relations between the genetic polymorphism and clinical parameters.Results 1) The genotype of PRKCG gene at rs3745406 included CC,CT and TT.The differences of genotypes (CC,CT,TF) and alleles (C,T) frequency distribution at rs3745406 were not statistically significant between osteosarcoma patients and the normal population (P=0.490,P=0.554).2) The genotype of PRKCG gene at rs2547362 included CC,CT and TT.The differences of genotypes (CC,CT,TT) and the alleles(C,T) frequency distribution at rs2547362 were statistically significant between the osteosarcoma patients and the normal population (P=0.006,P=0.007).3) The differences of genotypes (CC,CT,TT) and alleles (C,T) frequency distribution at rs3745406 were statistically significant between patients with metastasis and patients without metastasis (P=0.000,P=0.000).The CT and TT genotypes and the T allele carrier frequency at rs3745406 were higher in patients with metastasis than in patients without metastasis.SNPs at rs2547362 were not associated with clinical parameters.Conclusion The genetic polymorphism of PRKCG gene at rs2547362 is associated with osteosarcoma susceptibility.The TT genotype and T allele at rs3745406 are associated with metastasis of osteosarcoma,which may be a risk factor for metastasis in the osteosarcoma patients.

Objective To study the anastomotic relationships of perforators in each zone of the poste-rior leg and design perforating flaps for clinic. Methods Six fresh cadavers underwent a whole body, intra-arterial injection of a lead oxide and gelatine preparation. The posterior part of leg is divided into upper, mid-die and below equal parts, Observe topography of the perforating branches in every district by layer, and mea-sured their location, diameter, course, branches and anastomosis pattern. Radiographs of tissue specimens were digitally analyzed. Results There were 13 perforators that diameter≥ 0.5 mm, the average external diameter was 0.8 mm. The areas of each perforator supplied was average 38 cm2. Perforators from popliteal artery was identified an area 4 cm wide, around the intersection of two lines, a line drawn between the medial and lateral epicondyles of the femurs, and the midline of posterior leg. The areas of the every perforator sup-plied was 55 cm2. These vessels were large in diameter and create multiple true anastomoses with the perfora-tors from the posterior tibial artery or fibular artery. Perforating branches were small in the below part, a long perforator chain comprised of two to three perforators accompanies the Achilles tendon. Conclusion The perforator flaps deviced by perforators from the posterior leg may be transplanted to the lower limbs and the other part of the body. The perforators located in the middle zone of the leg are larger. Free posterior tibial or peroneal perforator-based flaps are reliable, relatively large, and have thin flaps. The upper and lower zones were the larger donor site for the proximal or distally pedicled perforator flap harvest.

Objective To evaluate diagnostic value of head upright tilt testing (HUTT) on orthostatic hypotension (OH) in patients with senile hypertension,and explore its efficacy and safety.Methods One hundred and sixty-six patients with senile hypertension were selected,and the patients were divided into 2 groups according to HUTT:experiment group (completed HUTT,86 cases) and control group (unfinished HUTT,80 cases).The blood pressure change was observed.The detection rate of OH and incidence of unexpected event were compared between 2 groups.Results The detection rate of OH in experiment group was 31.4％ (27/86),in control group was 17.5％ (14/80),and there was statistical difference (P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of unexpected event in experiment group was 0,in control group was 6.2％ (5/80),including 3 patients with dizziness amaurosis,unstable presyncope symptoms and fall,and 2 cases with syncope and sudden fall.There was statistical difference in incidence of unexpected event between 2 groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The use of HUTT in patients with senile hypertension can significantly improve the detection rate of OH,but also significantly reduce the incidence of unexpected event.The method is safe,effective,worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of the 1 470 nm diode laser for the treatment of superficial bladder tumor.Methods Two hundreds and sixteen patients diagnosed with superficial bladder tumor were treated in our hospital from January 2012 to January 2014 and divided into the laser group and electric cutting group.The two groups were treated by 1 470 nm diode laser and transurethral plasma kinetic resection respectively.The basic data and the observation indexes were compared be tween the two groups.Results The operation time,intraoperative bleeding volume,indwelling catheter time and hospital stay time in the laser group were significantly less than those in the electric cutting group.The levels of epinephrine,norepinephrine and an giotensin Ⅱ in operation and at postoperative 6 h in the laser group were significantly lower than those in the electric cutting group (P＜0.05).The obturator nerve reflex and bladder perforation did not occur in the laser group,and the total complications occurrence rate was 5.1％,the bladder tumor recurrence rate in postoperative 24 months was 7.1％.The obturator nerve reflex occurrence rate was 7.6％,the vesical perforation rate was 1.7％,the total complications occurrence rate was 15.3％,the bladder tumor recurrence rate in postoperative 24 months was 17.8 ％ in the electric cutting group.The above indexes of the laser group were significantly lower than those of the electric cut group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The 1 470 nm diode laser for the treatment of noninvasive superficial bladder tumor has definitely curative effect,is easy to operate with low postoperative complication occurrence rate,high safety and low middle and long term recurrence rate,moreover has little influence on patient's stress level.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of clinical rotation training in pain department for general practitioner.Methods Totally 31 general practitioners of 3 years program in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were involved in clinical rotation training in pain department form August 2008 to December 2011.Training lasted for one month.Clinical rotation training in pain department was conducted for general practitioners by studying rules and regulations,treatment methods,imaging data and clinical practice.Evaluation was made according to the treatment,theoretical knowledge,interpersonal skill and professional competency of general practitioners.Measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation ((-x) ± s) while enumeration data were expressed as rate.Descriptive analysis of the data was used.Results Average total number of patients managed by 31 general practitioners was (15 ± 2),average total number of disease species was (5 ±2),average number of case discussion and small lecture participated was 1 ～2,average number of nerve block participated as assistant was (40 ± 5) and average number of minimally invasive surgery visited and studied was (2 ± 2).Residency duties were skillfully completed and assessment score was (85 ± 4.50).Conclusions Through clinical rotation training,general practitioners can understand common disease diagnosis and treatment category; familiarize clinical evaluation methods and master standards of diagnosis and treatment in pain department.Meanwhile,they would learn doctor-patient communication to establish a good therapeutic relationship with patients.

BACKGROUND: Both MRI and transcranial Doppler can be used for ultra-early assessment of acute cerebral infarction (ACI), the former is considered as a reliable diagnostic means mainly for the morphological changes of ACI, however the latter is often used before obvious morphological changes appeared, but their combined diagnostic value is still uncertain. OBJECrIVE: To investigate the value of combined MRI and transcranial Doppler in ultra-early assessment of highly suspected ACI.DESIGN: Case analysis and double-blind design.SETTING: MRI Department of Daqing Oil-field General Hospital and Department of Clinical Epidemiology of West China School, and Medical-Economic Department of Public Health College, Sichuan University.PARTICIPANTS: From May 2000 to July 2001, totally 225 highly suspected ACI patients with stoke-like onset, 121 males and 104 females,aged of 33-86 years old with the means of (62±12), within 12 hours after onset, informed of the experiment, were selected from Daqing Oil-field General Hospital.METHODS: All cases subjected to transcranial Dopller examination and following MRI examination with interval of no more than 1 hour, then received follow-up MRI examination at 15 days later (as golden diagnostic standards for CI). MRI was performed to detect the position, morphology,size and signal of pathological changes. Transcranial Doppler was used to determine the blood flow velocity, peak value of systolic and diastolic stage, frequency spectrum and sound spectrum of blood flow of bilateral cerebral anterior, middle and posterior arteries, internal carotid artery and basal vertebral artery.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in the diagnosis of ACI with MRI, transcranial Doppler and the combination of MRI and transcranial Doppler.RESULTS: Totally 225 cases were selected, and 5 excluded for not accordant to the inclusion standards, finally 220 statistical analyzed. The diagnostic sensitivity of MRI was 79.3%,. specificity of 98.4% and accuracy of 90.5%, comparing to corresponding 80.4%, 81.3% and 80.9% of transcranial Doppler, and 96.7%, 80.5%, 87.3% of the combination of MRI and transcranial Doppler.CONCLUSION: The combination of MRI and transcranial Doppler can be used to make rapid and accurate assessment of ACI due to higher sensitivity and specificity.

Objective To investigate the clinicalmanifestations,imaging features,diagnosis and differential diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of renal malignant solitary fibrous tumor(SFT).Methods The clinical data in 1 case of rare renal malignant SFT were retrospectively analyzed.Referring to related literatures,the histological origin,pathological features,differential diagnosis,treatment and follow-up of renal malignant SFT were analyzed.Results The patient was preoperatively diagnosed as right renal clear cell carcinoma.Postoperative pathological examination diagnosed as low grade malignant SFT of right kidney.And immunohistochemistry indicated CD34+,BCL-2 +,CD68+,CD99+,vimentin,Ki-67 5％ +,SMA focal weakly positive.No recurrence or metastasis occurred after 4-month follow-up period.Conclusion Malignant SFT of the kidney is very rare,its diagnosis and differential diagnosis depend on postoperative pathological and immunohistochemical examination.Radical nephrectomy is the main option for malignant SFT of the kidney with good prognosis.

Objective To investigate the correlation between apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)value of MR diffusion weighted imaging (DWI)and Ki-67 expression in rectal cancer.Methods The data of 47 patients with rectal cancer confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed.Pelvic MRI,rectum DWI and enhanced examination were performed preoperatively.According to the Ki-67 index,the patients were divided into A-D four Groups:Group A with Ki-67 <10% (-),Group B with Ki-67 10%-25%(+),Group C with Ki-67 26%-50%(++);and Group D Ki-67 > 50%(+++).ADC values were calculated in each group to analyze the correlation with the Ki-67 expression levels.Results The mean ADC value were (1.280 ± 0.200 )× 10 -3 mm2/s in Group A (13 cases),(1.044±0.046)×10 -3 mm2/s in Group B (14 cases),(0.987 ±0.256)×10 -3 mm2/s in Group C (9 cases), and (0.85 1±0.099)×10 -3 mm2/s in Group D (1 1 cases).The mean ADC values were significantly different in the different groups with different levels of Ki-67 expression (P =0.001).ADC value and Ki-67 expression were moderate negatively correlated (r = -0.577, P=0.000).Conclusion DWI and ADC measurement can evaluate indirectly the cell proliferation and prognosis of rectal tumor to some extent.

Objective To investigate the effects of human amniotic membrane on the survival of the crossboundary perforator flap in rats through distal subcutaneous implantation.Methods From February,2016 to December,2016,38 SD rats weighing 270-300 g were randomly divided into experimental group and control group (n=19).A three-territory perforator flap (3 cm× 10 cm) with the iliac artery as the pedicel elevated on the right dorsum of the rats.Experiment group,a section of amnion was sutured to the distal subcutaneous of the flap and then the flap was sutured back to its donor site.Control group,after the flap elevated,directly sutured back to its donor site.The blood flow of the pedicel were detected by laser Doppler flowmetry at the day before surgery,1 day after surgery,3 and 7 days after surgery,with 3 rats in every group.When the rats were anesthetized,biopsies were taken from the choke area Ⅱ at the day before surgery,3 and 7 days after surgery,with 9 rats in every group.When the rats were anesthetized,HE was used to compare the diameter size of the artery and vein at the same site.At day 7,measure the survival area of the flap,and 3 of them observe the vessel of the flap by lead oxide-gelatine technique.Results The survival rate of the experimental group and the control group after 7 days were (89.09±4.23)％ and (74.56-±5.59)％ respectively,the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (t=5.48,P=0.00).X-ray showed that 7 days after operation,the pedicel of iliac artery in the experimental group was bigger than that in the control group.The blood flow detection showed that the blood flow of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group (t=2.39,3.06;P=0.03,0.00,respectively) at day 1 and day 3 after surgery.Hematoxylin eosin staining showed that arteriovenous tube diameter at the Choke Ⅱ were gradually increased on the day3 and day7 after surgery in both group,but the experimental group diameter expanded multiple was higher than that of control group (t=3.52,3.50;P=0.02,0.02,respectively).Conclusion Human Amnion subcutaneous embedding may improve the blood flow of the vascular pedicle,expand the microvascular at Choke area Ⅱ,improve microcirculation,as a result to promote the survival of cross perforator flap,while the mechanism is needed to understanding.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of laparoscope-assisted transanal total mesorectal excision (La-TaTME) for middle-low rectal cancer.Methods The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted.The clinical data of 16 patients with middle-low rectal cancer who underwent La-TaTME in the Peking University Third Hospital from August 2015 to August 2016 were collected.Sequential surgery of La-TaTME was applied to patients in the same team,with laparoscopic surgery first and then transanal surgery.Observation indicators:(1) operation and postoperative recovery situations:conversion to open surgery,anastomosis method,operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,intraoperative complications,time for out-of-bed activity,time for liquid diet intake,postoperative complications and duration of postoperative hospital stay.(2) postoperative pathological situations:length of surgical specimen,tumor diameter,distance from tumor to resected distant intestinal canal,complete degree of mesorectum,circumferential resection margin,pathological T stage,pathological N stage,number of lymph node detected and tumor cell differentiation.(3) follow-up.Patients in stage Ⅲ-ⅣV of TNM stage of RC underwent postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.Follow-up using outpatient examination was performed once every 3 months postoperatively to detect the patients' survival and tumor recurrence up to December 2016.Measurement data were represented as M (range).Results (1) Operation and postoperative recovery situations:all the 16 patients underwent successful La-TaTME without conversion to open surgery,including 10 with colorectal anastomosis,3 with colon-canalis analis anastomosis and 3 with permanent colostomy.Operation time and volume of intraoperative blood loss were 290 minutes (range,215-420 minutes) and 50 mL (range,30-100 mL),respectively.One patient had intraoperative complication,showing broken ends ischemia of sigmoid colon after dragging out resected rectum from the anus,following free splenic flexure of colon,about 5 cm ischemic sigmoid colon were resected,and descending colon-rectum anastomosis was performed.Time for out-of-bed activity and time for liquid diet intake were 1 days (range,1-3 days) and 2 days (range,1-9 days),respectively.Among 3 patients with postoperative complications (Ⅱ stage of ClavienDindo),2 with incomplete intestinal obstruction were improved by gastrointestinal decompression and total parenteral nutrition,and 1 with presacral infection was improved by drainage and antibiotic therapy.Duration of postoperative hospital stay was 7 days (range,5-21 days).(2) Postoperative pathological situations:length of surgecal specimen,tumor diameter and distance from tumor to resected distant intestinal canal were respectively 18.0 cm (range,12.0-24.0 cm),3.5 cm (range,0.5-6.8 cm) and 2.5 cm (range,1.0-5.0 cm).Evaluation of mesorectum of surgical specimen:14 patients had complete mesorectum of surgical specimen and 2 had nearly complete mesorectum.There was no residual tumor at circumferential resection margin,proximal and distal ends.Pathological T stage of 16 patients:T0 (pathological complete response after neoadjuvant therapy),T1,T2 and T3 stages were found in 1,1,4 and 10 patients,respectively.Pathological N stage:12,2 and 2 patients were detected in N0,N1 and N2 stages,respectively.Number of lymph node detected was 16 (range,6-32).Tumor cell differentiation:no tumor cell (pathological complete response after neoadjuvant therapy),high-,moderateand low-differentiated tumors were respectively detected in 1,2,7 and 6 patients.(3) Follow-up.All the patients were followed up for 12 months (range,4-16 months).There were no local tumor recurrence or distant metastasis and death.Conclusion La-TaTME may be a new,safe and effective resection for middle-low rectal cancer.