Cell sheet engineering is an important technology to harvest the cultured cells in the form of confluent monolayers using a continuous culture method and a physical approach. Avoiding the use of enzymes, expended cells can be harvested together with endogenous extracellular matrix, cell-matrix contacts, and cell-cell contacts. With high efficiency of cell loading ability and without using exogenous scaffolds, cell sheet engineering has several advantages over traditional tissue engineering methods. In this article, we give an overview on cell sheet technology about its applications in the filed of tissue regeneration, including the construction of soft tissues (corneal, mucous membrane, myocardium, blood vessel, pancreas islet, liver, bladder and skin) and hard tissues (bone, cartilage and tooth root). This techonoly is promising to provide a novel strategy for the development of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. And further works should be carried out on the operability of this technology and its feasibility to construct thick tissues.
Cells, Cultured ; Extracellular Matrix ; Humans ; Regenerative Medicine ; Tissue Culture Techniques ; Tissue Engineering

Objective To investigate Shuxuening injection combined with deproteinized extract of calf blood on serum IGF-1, IL-1 and ICAM-1 level in patients with cerebral infarction recovery stage.Methods 120 patients with cerebral infarction were collected.According to the different drug treatment, 60 cases in each group were given corresponding drug treatment, on the basis of control group, the calf blood extract injection was given in experimental group.After the end of treatment, all patients blood rheology, IGF-1, IL-1 and ICAM-1 levels were tested.Results Compared with control group, the indexes of the patients in experimental group improved more significantly, whole blood viscosity, red blood cell pressure volume, platelet aggregation rate decreased significantly(P<0.05); serum IGF-1 levels in experimental group decreased significantly(P<0.05).The levels of serum IL-1, ICAM-1 in experimental group decreased significantly(P<0.05).Conclusion Shuxuening injection combined with deproteinized extract of calf blood can significantly reduce serum IGF-1, IL-1 and ICAM-1 levels in patients with cerebral infarction recovery stage, improve blood flow, reduce blood viscosity.

Tibetan Medicine (TM) has become important source of feature industry in several main Tibetan regions with its unique cultural and natural resources. This article argued that the researches on TM basic theories are weak;ecological environment for TM is fragile;safety evaluation ability is relatively insufficient;standardization system for researches on TM is needed; reasonable talent team supporting the development of TM industry is required;The combination of production, learning and research is not close;innovation ability is low;guiding principles for the evaluation of new TM do not exist. All of these are main factors that restrict the development of TM industry. Therefore, the main measures for the promotion of TM are:improve research level of TM theories;strengthen the protection of TM resources;promote national standard construction of TM;improve collaborative innovation ability of TM;enhance talent team construction;formulate appropriate policies and create good marketing environment.

Adult ; Cardiac Catheterization ; instrumentation ; Device Removal ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Retreatment

During the production of ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) in fed-batch fermentation, the decline of ε-PL synthesis often occurs at middle or late phase of the fermentation. To solve the problem, we adopted two strategies, namely pH shift and feeding yeast extract, to improve the productivity of ε-PL. ε-PL productivity in fermentation by pH shift and feeding yeast extract achieved 4.62 g/(L x d) and 5.16 g/(L x d), which were increased by 27.3% and 42.2% compared with the control ε-PL fed-batch fermentation, respectively. Meanwhile, ε-PL production enhanced 36.95 g/L and 41.32 g/L in 192 h with these two strategies, increased by 27.4% and 42.48% compared to the control, respectively. ε-PL production could be improved at middle or late phase of fed-batch fermentation by pH shift or feeding yeast extract.
Batch Cell Culture Techniques ; Fermentation ; Industrial Microbiology ; Nitrogen ; chemistry ; Polylysine ; biosynthesis

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of prevention of recurrent femur fracture in children with osteogenesis imperfecta.Methods Data of 35 patients (19 boys,16 girls) who were treated for femur deformity due to osteogenesis imperfecta at our hospital from Jun 2009 to Jun 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.The average age of the patients was 9 years 3 months,ranging from 3 years 6 months to 13 years 1 month.All the patients had suffered from recurrent femur fractures before which led to femoral deformity.The mean angulation angle was 55° (range,10°-90°).10 patients were operated at one side;the other 25 patients were treated bilaterally.None of them received operation before for fractures.The average incidence of femur fracture before operation was 2.4/year (range,2-4).According to the modified Sillence classification system,9 were type Ⅲ OI,14 type Ⅳ,and 12 type I.The curved deformity of the femurs were corrected by osteotomy and stabilized by telescopic intramedullary rods in 35 patients.Results All the 35 patients were followed up for a mean period of 62 months (range,36-72).The average healing time of the osteotomy site of the femur was 8.5 weeks (range,7-12).The patient was encouraged to begin weightbearing and walking when the Xray film showed healing of the osteotomy site.By the latest follow up,80％ of the patients could stand and walk independently.The incidence of femur fracture decreased significantly to the level of 0.3±0.1/year,compared with the level of 2.4± 1.3/year before operation.All the parents of the children were satisfied with the result of deformity correction.At the latest follow up,the Barthel index score increased from 71.82 (range,51-92) before operation to 92.32 (range,82-100) postoperatively,while the WeeFIM score increased from 53.32 (range,42-72) before operation to 78 (range,70-86) postoperatively.The difference of Barthel index score and WeeFIM score between that before and post operation was significant.The children's selfcare and motion ability improved obviously after operation.During follow up,22 patients suffered from recurrent fracture of the femur by various degree,7 of them were treated by open reduction and telescopic rodding surgery,while the other 15 patients were treated conservatively because the fracture displaced or angulated minimally and the fracture healed uneventfully.Conclusion The telescopic intramedullary rod can maintain the correction of the femur deformity and improve the quality of the bone,thus prevent the recurrent fracture of the femur in children with osteogenesis imperfecta effectively.

Objective To learn the species distrilbution and drug-resistance of Gram-negative bacilli among bloodstream infections (BSI) in Yunnan province of China during 2012 to 2014.Methods Bloodstream infected Gram-negative bacilli were collected from 28 general hospitals in Yunan province of China.Data from all hospitals were applied with the same method of bacteria culture,isolation,identification and antibiotic sensitivity tests.WHONET 5.6 was used to perform the statistical analysis.Results A total of 9042 clinical strains of non-repetitive gram-negative bacilli were collected.Enterobacteriaceae and Non-fermenter bacteria accounted for 82.4％ and 17.6％ respectively.Enterobacteriaceae were mainly composed of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.Non-fermenter bacteria were mainly composed of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aerouginosa.Escherichia coli accounted for the majority 49.29％,other species were Klebsiella pneumoniae 13.17％,Acinetobacter baumannii 4.04％ and Pseudomonas aeroginosa 3.85％.The susceptible rate of Enterobacteriaceae strains to the first generation cephalosporin was lower than 60％.The susceptible rate of E coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae to impenem was close to 100％,to Amikacin was more than 85％,to piperacillin-tazobactam was more than 70％,to Cefepime was more than 70％.But the susceptible rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae to impnem and amikacin decreased year by year from 2012 to 2014.The susceptible rate of Enterobacter cloacae to Amikacin was 86.4％ ～ 93.6％,Ciprofloxacin 70.5 ～ 76％,Cefepime 72.1 ～ 82.8％.It was less than other Enterobacteriaceae.The susceptible rate of Non-fermenter bacteria to normal antibiotics was much lower than Enterobacteriaceae.The susceptible rates of Pseudomonas aeroginosa to Impnem was 58.9％,Tobramycin 85％,Ciprofloxacin 71.7％,Amikacin 82.9％,Piperacillintazobactam 75.3％,Piperacillin59.6％,Atreonam 46.5％,Ceftazidime 69.1％ and Cefepime 68.9％ respectively.Furthermore,Acinetobacter baumannii's durg-resistance was more severe.The susceptible rate of Acinetobacter baumannii was lower than 30％,to the third and fourth generation cephalosporin,the susceptible rate of Ampicillin/Sulbactam,Cefoperazone/Sulbactam,Carbapenems,Piperacillin/Tazuobatan,Quinolones and Carbapenems was less than 40％.Conclusion Gram-negative bacilli have low susceptibilities among BSI.E.coli is the most common pathegon among BSI.The resistant rate of Non-fermenter bacteria to normal antibiotics is severe in hospitals.

A total of 180 community medical staff in Jiangning District of Nanjing received continuous education in practical emergency medicine through theory teaching,practice and scene simulation once a year from 2011 to 2013.And the training outcomes were evaluated before and after training and the feedbacks of community medical staff collected each time.The assessment results of theory and practical skills after training in 2013 were better than before training in 2011 [theory:(61.72 ± 5.03) vs.(92.11 ± 5.56) points ; operation skills (55.28 ± 6.18) vs.(93.33 ± 3.45) points] (P ＜ 0.05).And the total satisfaction rate was 98.0％.

Traditional Tibetan medicine nature theory was the core of Tibetan medicine. This study was aimed to understand the scientific values of Tibetan medicine correctly and catch its unique advantages accurately. The history origin, nature and taste, target, effect, the relationship between diseases and Tibetan medicine and other aspects of traditional Tibetan medicine nature theory were discussed in this paper. Several points were put forward, which included the research of Tibetan medicine nature theory was the premise to maintain and develop Tibetan medicine; it was necessary to carry out literature research, definite and improve the nature theory; the data mining technology and systems biology should be applied to the theory research to elucidate the rules and scientific connotation of Tibetan medicine nature; building the model of experimental study with clinical research to determine its clinical values forward during the development of Tibetan medicine nature theory research.

Objective To obtain the acceptable range for posed smile characteristic index,in order to supply diagnostic and therapeutic basis for orthodontic treatment.Methods The 200 subjects included in the study consisted of 100 experienced orthodontists and 100 laypersons.Both two frontal posed smile photographs of man and woman were changed by several smile characteristic indexes,including the amount of incisor exposure,amount of gingival display,smile arc,buccal corridor fill,horizontal inclination of maxillary occlusal plate and distance from lower lip to maxillary incisor.All the subjects were desired to evaluate each images according to their own aesthetic standard.Results Each acceptable range for the amount of incisor exposure,amount of gingival display,smile arc,buccal corridor fill,horizontal inclination of maxillary occlusal plate and distance from lower lip to maxillary incisor,was 75 ％-100 ％ (male and female),0-2 mm (male) and 0-3 mm (female) ; 50 ％-100 ％(male and female) ; 0 ％-15 ％ (male) and 0 ％-20 ％ (female) ; 0-6° (male and female) ; 0 mm (male and female)(P＜0.05),respectively.And there was perception difference between the orthodontists and the laypersons on smile evaluation (P＜0.05).Conclusions Posed smile analysis should be an im portant aspect of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.Orthodontists should not disturb con sonant smiles but create them with proper bracket positioning.