Adult ; Biopsy ; methods ; Bronchoscopy ; Humans ; Lung ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumoconiosis ; diagnosis ; pathology

In the paper , a self-designed questionnaire is applied to investigate the status quo of information literacy of students ma -joring in nursing from Classes 2012, 2013 and 2014 in College of Nursing , Hubei University of Chinese Medicine .Based on the analysis of existing problems , it is suggested that the major of nursing informatics should be set up and nursing information courses should be of -fered, including curriculum setting , teacher selection and teaching methods , etc.

AIM:To establish a quantitative method for determination of hesperidin in Citri reticulatae in order to evaluate their quality. METHODS:Sample was extracted with methanol by means of sonication for 30min. ODS column was used with methanol-water-acetic acid(35∶61∶2)as mobile phase. Detection wavelength was at 284nm. RESULTS:Hesperidin in sample solution was well separated. Linearity was good(r=0.9995)in range of 0.202～2.424?g. The average recovery was 98%, RSD of repeatability was 2.3%. CONCLUSION:This method is simple, accurate and reliable, which may well be used for the determination of hesperidin.

Adult ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Male ; Retrocaval Ureter ; surgery ; Ureterostomy ; methods ; Young Adult

PurposeTo investigate the clinical value of inverted X-ray plain film and MRI examination in the diagnosis of congenital anorectal malformation (CARM). Materials and Methods Thirty-eight cases with operatively proved anorectal malformation were reviewed; inverted X-ray plain film and MRI examination were performed in all patients before surgery. The relationship between the rectum blind side and pubococcygeal line (PC line), and the type of anal atresia was determined, to compare the diagnostic accuracy of inverted plain film with MRI for CARM typing. Results Of all the 38 cases, 19 cases were with low imperforate anus, 8 cases with median imperforate anus, and 11 cases with high imperforate anus. The accuracy rate of inverted X-ray plain film and MRI examination for the diagnosis of CARM typing was 92.1% (35/38) and 97.4% (37/38) respectively, and the difference between them was not statistically significant (χ2=1.37, P>0.05). 7 cases of fistula, 5 cases of spinal cord malformations and 1 case of right kidney agenesis can be clearly demonstrated on MRI. Conclusion Both inverted X-ray plain film and MRI can diagnose the typing of CARM accurately, but MRI is also able to diagnose the fistula, visceral, spinal cord lesion and other abnormalities accompanied with CARM, while reducing the dose of X-ray radiation and damage in children, thus has higher clinical application value compared with inverted X-ray plain film.

Objective To discuss the clinical characteristics and treatment of upper cervical spine injuries in the elderly. Methods A retrospective study was done on clinical data of 28 elderly patients ( > 60 years old) with upper cervical spine injuries treated from January 2003 to December 2007. There were 20 males and 8 females, at age range of 60-86 years (mean 68.1 years). Injury causes included slip in 16 patients, traffic injury in eight and fall from height in four. Atlas fractures occurred in five patients and axis ones in 15,of which there were eight patients with odontoid fractures, six with C2 vertebral arch fractures and one with C2 body fractures. Upper cervical spine injury was combined with lower cervical spine injuries in five patients. There were combined atlantoaxial injuries including odontoid fractures combined with lateral atlas fracture in one and edontoid fractures combined with anterior atlas arch fracture in one. Atlantoaxial dislocation occurred in one patient and combined spinal injury in four. Of all, eight patients were treated conservatively, eight with open surgical operation and 12 with minimally invasive surgery. Results The average hospital stay was 16.5 days, with no statistical difference be-tween conservative treatment group and open surgical operation group ( P > 0.05 ). While the average hos-pital stay in minimally invasive surgery group was shorter than that in conservative treatment and open sur-gical operation groups ( P < 0.05 ). Of all, two patients in conservative treatment group and one in open surgical operation group died and the other 25 patients were followed up for average 16.8 months (9-56 months). The satisfaction rate was 50% in conservative treatment group, 72% in open surgical operation group and 75% in minimally invasive surgery group. Complications occurred in four patients in conserva-tive treatment group, three in open surgical operation group and two in minimally invasive surgery group. Conclusions With odontoid fracture the most common injury type, upper cervical spine injuries arema-inly caused by low-energy force and characterized by low mobidity of spinal cord injuries and high possi-bility of missed diagnosis in the elderly patients. The surgical treatment especially minimally invasive surgery can bring good results compared with conservative methods.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of lateral supramalleolar artery descending branch antidromic flap for the repair of soft tissue defects in the foot and ankle.

METHODSFrom May 2009 to October 2013,12 patients with soft tissue defects combined with tendon and bone exposure in the foot and ankle were treated by lateral supramalleolar artery descending branch antidromic flap for the repair of soft tissue defects in the foot and ankle, including 9 males and 3 females with an average age of 37.5 years old ranging from 19 to 58 years. Ten cases had the soft tissue defects in the dorsum of foot and 2 in the ankle. The defect area of soft tissue was from 11 cm x 9 cm to 8 cm x 5 cm.

RESULTSTwelve patients were follow-up for 3 to 12 months (averaged 7.3 months). The flaps of 9 cases were survived,the flaps edges of the other 3 cases were necrosis,and healed after dressing change. The flaps were slightly swelling without ulcer occurrence.

CONCLUSIONLateral supramalleolar artery descending branch antidromic flap can repairing the damage by one-stage operation with advantage of dissection easy,rich blood supply without sacrifice of major artery.

Adult ; Ankle ; blood supply ; surgery ; Arteries ; surgery ; Female ; Foot ; blood supply ; surgery ; Foot Injuries ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; surgery ; Surgical Flaps ; Young Adult

Aim To monitor the whole blood trough concentration of cyclosporine A (CsA) in renaltransplant recipients reciving triple therapy with mycophenolate mofetil, cyclosporine andprednisone and to establish an optimal therapeutic window of CsA. Methods Sampleswere measured by specific fluorescence polarization immunoassay. According to the timeafter operation and different therapy plan, the whole blood trough concentration of CsA ineach group was compared with that in control group.Results The optimal therapeuticwindow of CsA with MMF plan was 150~300 ?g? L-1 (less than one month after op-eration), 120~260?g?L-1 (1~

In this paper, five different methods were carried out for DNA extraction directly from soil. The result shows that all five methods could generate DNA with more than 15 kb in size. They were subsequently used as templates for PCR amplification with success, using primers of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and Shiva-1 gene encoding an antibacterial peptide. However, method 5 is more suitable for DNA extraction directly from a small amount of soil sample as it produced a good yield of DNA in high integrity with reliable reproducibility.

BACKGROUNDPrevious researches about necrotic pancreatic tissue infections are numerous, but the study on systemic infection related to the severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) treatment period is limited. This study aimed to investigate the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in patients who had hepatobiliary surgery for SAP during the past three years.

METHODSA retrospective study was conducted on the distribution, category and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in patients who had hepatobiliary surgery for SAP from 2008 to 2011.

RESULTSA total of 594 pathogenic bacteria samples were isolated. Among them 418 isolates (70.4%) were Gram bacteria negative, 142 isolates (23.9%) were Gram bacteria positive, and 34 isolates (5.7%) were found fungi. The most common Gram negative bacteria were Escherichia coli (19.8%), and the dominant Gram positive pathogenic bacteria were Enterococcus faecium. The distribution of SAP-related infectious pathogens was mainly in peritoneal drainage fluid, sputum, bile, and wound secretions. Almost all the Gram negative pathogenic bacteria were sensitive to carbapenum. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) producing strains were more resistant to penicillins and cephalosprins than the ESBLs non-producing strains. Staphylococcus was sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid. The drug resistance of meticillin-resistant staphylococcus (MRS) to commonly used antibiotics was higher than meticillin-sensitive streptococcus (MSS). Enterococcus sp. exhibited lower drug-resistance rates to vancomycin and linezolid.

CONCLUSIONSGram negative bacteria were the dominant SAP-related infection after hepatobiliary surgery. A high number of fungal infections were reported. Drug resistant rates were high. Rational use of antibiotics according to the site of infection, bacterial species and drug sensitivity, correctly executing the course of treatment and enhancing hand washing will contribute to therapy and prevention of SAP-related infection and decrease its mortality.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; drug effects ; Gram-Positive Bacteria ; drug effects ; pathogenicity ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Pancreatitis ; microbiology