0.05). The positive rate (46.2%) of EA IgG antibody in MS group was significantly higher than those in the other two groups (18.3%, 9.5%)(all P

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the angiogenic effect of the Xiongshao capsule (XSC) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), and to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms mediating its biological effect.

METHODSSerum pharmacology was applied in this study, in which different doses of XSC were administrated to rats orally and then XSC-containing serum (XSC-S) was collected for the following in vitro experiments. The viability of HUVEC was determined by the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cell density was observed via phase-contrast microscopy. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis with propidium iodide staining was performed to determine cell cycle phase. Cell migration was determined by wound-healing method. Capillary tube formation by HUVEC was examined using ECMatrix gel-based assay. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) expression levels were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) analyses.

RESULTSXSC-S dose-dependently stimulated proliferation of HUVEC by promoting the cell cycle G1 to S progression. In addition, XSC-S treatment dramatically increased the migration and capillary tube formation of HUVEC in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, XSC-S enhanced the expression of VEGF and bFGF at both mRNA and protein levels.

CONCLUSIONXSC can promote several features of angiogenesis in endothelial cells through up-regulating the expression of bFGF and VEGF, suggesting that XSC may be a potential novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of ischemic heart diseases.

Animals ; Capsules ; Cell Movement ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Collagen ; pharmacology ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Laminin ; pharmacology ; Male ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; drug effects ; genetics ; Proteoglycans ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; S Phase ; drug effects ; Up-Regulation ; drug effects ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To detect the resistance index and esterase activity of each generation of DDVP-resistant Culex mosquitoes and analyze the relationship between insecticide resistance and esterase. Methods WHO bioassay and micro-plate measurement were used for the detection. Results The resistance index increased to 12.17 after 43 generations' insecticide selection compared to 1.00 as sensitive isolate. The nonspecific esterase(NSE) activity of the mosquitoes became strengthened with the extension of the generations, and the individual frequency of those with OD values no less than 0.9 increased gradually, consistent basically to the bioassay. The AChE average inhibition rate decreased with the extended generation and increased resistance, and the individual frequency of those with inhibition rate less than 30% became strengthened with the extension of generations, showing a positive correlation. Conclusion The activity of NSE and AChE shows a correlation with DDVP resistance.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on the proliferation of human oral epithelial cancer cell line KB cells and the molecular mechanisms.

METHODKB cells were treated with various concentrations of EGCG for 24 or 48 h. MTT assay was used to test the cell viability. The changes of cell cycle in KB cells treated with EGCG for 48 h were analyzed using flow cytometry. The expressions of cyclin A, cyclin D1 and cyclin E were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting.

RESULTThe viability of KB cells treated with various concentrations of EGCG (25, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 micromol/L) for 48 h were decreased to (85.4-/+2.4)%, (80.4-/+2.8)%, (51.5-/+4.5)%, (30.2-/+1.9)%, (25.3-/+1.5)%, (20.0-/+1.1)%, respectively, showing significant difference from that of the control group [(100.0-/+2.2)%, P<0.05). EGCG decreased the viabilities of KB cells in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometry demonstrated that treatment with EGCG significantly increased the cell percentage in sub-G1 phase, which was (73.5-/+4.4)% after a 48-h EGCG treatment, significantly different from that in the control group [(47.3-/+3.5)%, P<0.05). EGCG-induced G1 phase arrest was correlated to the down-regulation of cyclin A and cyclin E.

CONCLUSIONEGCG inhibits the proliferation of KB cells by inducing G1 phase arrest, which involves the downregulation of cyclin E.

Catechin ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cyclin E ; metabolism ; Flow Cytometry ; G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; drug effects ; Humans ; KB Cells ; Oncogene Proteins ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the mechanism underlying the effect of combined use of cyclonpamine and hydroxycamptothecin in inducing the apoptosis of human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line (OSCC) HSQ-89.

METHODSCCK8 assay was used to investigate the inhibitory effect of cyclopamine on HSQ-89 cells. Flow cytometry (FCM) was employed to examine the cell apoptosis following combined treatment with cyclonpamine and hydroxycamptothecin. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was applied to detect the mRNA expressions of Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, and Bid in HSQ-89 cells after the treatments.

RESULTSCombined treatment with cyclonpamine and hydroxycamptothecin significantly inhibited the cell proliferation compared with hydroxycamptothecin treatment alone, also resulting in a significantly higher apoptosis rate of the cells (P<0.05). The mRNA level of Bcl-2 was significantly decreased after the treatments, especially after the combined treatment. Cyclopamine produced no significant effect on the mRNA levels of Bcl-xl and Bid in the cells.

CONCLUSIONThe combined use of cyclopamine and hydroxycamptothecin significantly down-regulates the expression on of bcl-2 to induce the apoptosis of human OSCC cell line HSQ-89.

Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Camptothecin ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drug Synergism ; Humans ; Mouth Neoplasms ; pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Veratrum Alkaloids ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo study the distribution of cervical lymph nodes metastases in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma, explore the surgical modality of the neck of cN + cervical node metastasis and evaluate the role of preoperative ultrasonography in detecting of cervical metastases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

METHODSData were reviewed retrospectively from medical records between July 2003 and July 2005, in which 93 patients (113 sides) of differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients with cN + cervical lymph nodes metastasis. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1, 64 cervical sides with preoperative palpable cervical lymph nodes; group 2, 49 cervical sides with impalpable node but preoperative ultrasonic positive nodal metastasis. All the pathologic specimens were reviewed by pathologists counting the numbers of pathologic positive nodes and mapping localization of positive nodes in level II, III, IV, V and VI respectively.

RESULTSIn 93 patients 21.5% (20/93) of those metastasize bilaterally. In those 113 sides specimens 92 sides (81.4%) involved multi-sites in the neck. The distribution of metastasized nodes were; level II, 60.2% (68/113); level III, 70.8% (80/113); level IV,61.9% (70/113); level VI, 58.4% (66/113); level V, 22.5% (25/113). The numbers of positive nodes of group 1 were more than the number of group 2 (10.1 vs 6.9) and the involved levels of group 1 was also more than the levels of group 2 (3.18 level vs 2.61 level). Preoperative ultrasonography could detect 43.4% (49/113) of lymph nodes metastasis that were missed by palpation in the physical examination.

CONCLUSIONSThe distribution of the cervical nodes in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma were multi-levels in the neck and mainly localized in level II , level III, level IV and level VI. Preoperative ultrasonography is a mainstay in detecting of cervical lymph nodes metastasis in thyroid cancer. For patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma of cN + cervical lymph nodes should be undergone modified neck dissection, includes level II, III, IV, V, VI.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; pathology ; Neck Dissection ; Neoplasm Staging ; Retrospective Studies ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Ultrasonography ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the anti-angiogenic effects of Pien Tze Huang in vivo and in vitro.

METHODSHuman umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with 0 mg/mL, 0.25 mg/mL, 0.5 mg/mL, and 1 mg/mL of PZH for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, respectively. Chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model was used to evaluate in vivo angiogenesis. An ECMatrix gel system was used to evaluate in vitro angiogenesis by examining the tube formation of HUVECs. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was performed to determine HUVEC viability. Cell density of HUVECs was observed by phase-contrast microscopy. HUVEC migration was determined by wound healing method. The mRNA and protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in both HUVEC and human colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29) was examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA), respectively.

RESULTSPZH treatment significantly reduced the total number of blood vessels compared with the untreated control in the chicken embryos and resulted in a significant decrease in capillary tube formation and cell density of HUVECs (P<0.05). In addition, treatment with 0.25-1 mg/mL of PZH for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h respectively reduced cell viability by 9%-52%, 24%-87% or 25%-87%, compared with the untreated control cells (P<0.05). Moreover, PZH treatment decreased the migration of HUVECs. Furthermore, PZH dose-dependently suppressed the expression of VEGF-A and bFGF on both mRNA and protein levels (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONPZH could inhibit angiogenesis in vivo in CAM model and in vitro on HUVECs, suggesting that inhibiting tumor angiogenesis might be one of the mechanisms by which PZH treats cancer.

Animals ; Cell Movement ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Chick Embryo ; Chorioallantoic Membrane ; blood supply ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; HT29 Cells ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; drug effects ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; genetics ; metabolism

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Retrospective Studies ; Solitary Pulmonary Nodule ; diagnosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUNDThe properties of subchondral bone influence the integrity of articular cartilage in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). However, the characteristics of subchondral bone alterations remain unresolved. The present study aimed to observe the dynamic alterations in the microarchitecture, mineralization, and mechanical properties of subchondral bone during the progression of OA.

METHODSA medial meniscal tear (MMT) operation was performed in 128 adult Sprague Dawley rats to induce OA. At 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks following the MMT operation, cartilage degeneration was evaluated using toluidine blue O staining, whereas changes in the microarchitecture indices and tissue mineral density (TMD), mineral-to-collagen ratio, and intrinsic mechanical properties of subchondral bone plates (BPs) and trabecular bones (Tbs) were measured using micro-computed tomography scanning, confocal Raman microspectroscopy and nanoindentation testing, respectively.

RESULTSCartilage degeneration occurred and worsened progressively from 2 to 12 weeks after OA induction. Microarchitecture analysis revealed that the subchondral bone shifted from bone resorption early (reduced trabecular BV/TV, trabecular number, connectivity density and trabecular thickness [Tb.Th], and increased trabecular spacing (Tb.Sp) at 2 and 4 weeks) to bone accretion late (increased BV/TV, Tb.Th and thickness of subchondral bone plate, and reduced Tb.Sp at 8 and 12 weeks). The TMD of both the BP and Tb displayed no significant changes at 2 and 4 weeks but decreased at 8 and 12 weeks. The mineral-to-collagen ratio showed a significant decrease from 4 weeks for the Tb and from 8 weeks for the BP after OA induction. Both the elastic modulus and hardness of the Tb showed a significant decrease from 4 weeks after OA induction. The BP showed a significant decrease in its elastic modulus from 8 weeks and its hardness from 4 weeks.

CONCLUSIONThe microarchitecture, mineralization and mechanical properties of subchondral bone changed in a time-dependent manner as OA progressed.

Animals ; Collagen ; metabolism ; Male ; Osteoarthritis ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; X-Ray Microtomography

Femoral neck fracture (FNF) in the elderly patients is currently a major health challenge worldwide, with excessive consumption of medical resources, high incidence of complications as well as suboptimal outcome and prognosis. Hip joint arthroplasty (HJA) has been the mainstream treatment for FNF in the elderly, but the conventional surgical approaches and techniques are still confronted with a series of bottlenecks such as dislocation, limp and limb length discrepancy. In recent years, direct anterior approach (DAA) for HJA (DAA-HJA) has been a major new choice in the field of joint replacement, which achieves improved clinical effectiveness of HJA in the treatment of elderly FNF, due to the fact that DAA approach involves the neuromuscular interface and accords with the idea of soft tissue retention and enhanced recovery after surgery. However, there is still a lack of unified understanding of standard technique and procedure of DAA-HJA in the treatment of elderly FNF. Therefore, relevant experts from the Hip Joint Group of Chinese Orthopedics Association of Chinese Medical Association, Youth Arthrology Group of Orthopedic Committee of PLA, Orthopedic Committee of Chongqing Medical Association, Branch of Orthopedic Surgeons of Chongqing Medical Doctor Association and Sport Medicine Committee of Chongqing Medical Association were organized to formulate the " Chinese expert consensus on the technical standard of direct anterior hip arthroplasty for elderly femoral neck fracture ( version 2023)" based on evidence-based medicine. This consensus mainly proposed 13 recommendations covering indications, surgical plans, prosthesis selections, surgical techniques and processes, and postoperative management of DAA-HJA in elderly patients with FNF, aiming to promote standardized, systematic and patient-specific diagnosis and treatment to improve the functional prognosis of the patients.