OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Yangxue Qingnao Granule (YQG) on the expression of CD11b in CA1 region of hippocampus of vascular dementia rats, and to explore its regulation on microglias.

METHODSTotally 144 SD rats were randomly divided into the sham-operation group, the vascular dementia model group (model), and the YQG treated group (treated). The vascular dementia rat model was prepared by modified Pulsinelli's four-vessel occlusion. Rats in the sham-operation group and the model group were administered with normal saline -(at the daily dose of 10 mL/kg) by gastrogavage, while those in the treated group were administered with YQG (0.32 g/mL, at the daily dose of 10 mL/kg) by gastrogavage. All administration was performed once per day for 8 successive weeks. The expression of CD11b in CA1 region of hippocampus of vascular dementia rats was detected at week 1, 2, 4, and 8, respectively.

RESULTSCompared with the sham-operation group, the expression of CD11b in CA1 region of hippocampus of vascular dementia rats were significantly enhanced in the model group at each time point (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the expression of CD11b in CA1 region of hippocampus of vascular dementia rats significantly decreased in the treated group at each time point (P < 0.01), especially at week 2.

CONCLUSIONObvious activation and proliferation of microglias could be seen in CA1 region of hippocampus of vascular dementia rats, and YQG could inhibit activation and proliferation of microglias.

Animals ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal ; drug effects ; metabolism ; CD11b Antigen ; metabolism ; Dementia, Vascular ; drug therapy ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Microglia ; drug effects ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo explore the operation methods and clinical effects of transfer of the medial half of the coracoacromial ligament to reconstruct the coracoclavicular ligament in treating complete acromioclavicular joint dislocation.

METHODSFrom January 2006 to June 2012,26 patients with acute complete acromioclavicular joint dislocation underwent surgery. Transfer of the medial half of the coracoacromial ligament to reconstruct the coracoclavicular ligament, additional clavical hoot plate and Kirschner wires fixation, were performed in all the patients. Among the patients, 18 patients were male and 8 patients were female, with an average age of 36.7 years old (ranged from 25 to 51 years). The duration from injury to operation was from 3 to 12 days with an average of 5 days. According to the Rockwood classification, 4 cases were grade III and 22 cases were grade V . Clinical manifestation included local swelling, tenderness with snapping, limitation of shoulder joint motion. In preoperative bilateral shoulder joint X-rays, the injured coracoclavicular distance was (16.2 ± 5.0) mm which was significantly wider than that of uninjured sides (7.6 ± 1.0) mm. Clinical results were evaluated according to X-rays and Constant-Murley score.

RESULTSAll incisions obtained primary healing after operation without complication of infection, internal fixation breakage, redislocation. All the patients were followed up from 12 to 30 months with an average of 18 months. Kirschner wires and internal fixation plate were removed at 1 month and 8-10 months after operation, respectively. At final follow-up, the motion of shoulder joint recovered to normal and a no pain joint was obtained. According to Constant-Murley score, 24 cases got excellent results and 2 cases good. There was no significant difference after operation between the injured coracoclavicular distance and the uninjured contralateral side [(7.7 ± 1.2) mm vs (7.6 ± 1.0) mm), P > 0.05].

CONCLUSIONTransfer of the medial half of the coracoacromial ligament to reconstruct the coracoclavicular ligament, additional fixation using hook plate and Kirschner wires is the effective surgical method in treating complete acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation.

Acromioclavicular Joint ; injuries ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Joint Dislocations ; surgery ; Ligaments, Articular ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods

Objective To evaluate the b value of diffusion-weighted(DW)MRI in distinguishing between benign and malignant breast lesions.Methods Three diffusion-weighted sequences were implemented with 500,1000 and 2000 s/mm~2 b values respectively on 95 breast lesions in 83 patients.All lesions were confirmed by pathology.The apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)values and signal intensity (SI)were recorded and compared in different lesions(breast cancer,benign lesion,cyst and normal beast tissue)with the same b value and the same lesions with the different b values.Results(1)The mean ADC value and SI of breast cancer were 1.375?0.378 and 839.713?360.493 respectively with b= 500 s/mm~2,1.176?0.311 and 459.314?229.609 with b=1000 s/mm~2,0.824?0.198 and 243.825? 110.616 with b=2000 s/mm~2.The differences in the mean ADC value were significant between two type lesions(cancer and benign lesion,cancer and cyst,cancer and normal breast tissue)with b values of 500 s/mm~2 and 1000 s/mm~2.But the significant differenee was only seen between cancer and benign lesions when b value was 2000 s/mm~2.(2)The one-side upper limits of 95% confidence interval of mean ADCs were adopted as the point to separate the malignant from the benign lesions,the sensitivity was 70.92%, 70.73% and 69.77%,the specificity was 77.19%,75.70% and 54.76%,the accuracy was 77.12%, 74.32% and 62.35% respectively with b values of 500 s/mm~2,1000 s/mm~2 and 2000 s/mm~2.The areas under ROC eurves were Az_(500)=0.775?0.046(P0.05).Conclusion DWI MRI is useful for the differential diagnosis of breast lesions with b values of 500 s/mm~2 and 1000 s/mm~2.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the application of side-to-side anastomosis of the lesser curvature of stomach and jejunum in laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB).

METHODSClinical data of 29 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) undergoing side to side anastomosis of the lesser curvature of stomach and jejunum in LRYGB from May 2012 to November 2012 in Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSAll the procedures were successfully completed without conversion to laparotomy. The side-to-side anastomosis of the lesser curvature of stomach and jejunum avoided the laparoscopic suture. No gastrojejunostomy anastomotic bleeding, fistula, obstruction and other complications occurred after operation and no complications of gastrojejunostomy anastomosis were found during a follow up of 1 to 7 months.

CONCLUSIONSSide-to-side anastomosis of the lesser curvature of stomach and jejunum in LRYGB can manipulate the size of anastomosis accurately and avoid the laparoscopic suturing. It is simple and easy to learn.

Adult ; Aged ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastric Bypass ; methods ; Humans ; Jejunum ; surgery ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo explore impaired erythropoiesis and relative inadequacy of erythropoietin production in the anemic cancer patients and the correlation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) or interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) with inadequate erythropoietin (EPO) response and impaired erythropoiesis in cancer patients with anemia.

METHODSFifty adult anemic and 15 non-anemic tumor patients were studied. Serum EPO levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and serum soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR). TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Log transformed EPO and sTfR values were used in statistical analysis. The R correlation analyses were performed.

RESULTSThe mean serum immunoreactive erythropoietin level in anemic cancer patients [(23.11 +/- 10.00) IU/L] was not significantly higher than in healthy people (P = 0.053), but significantly lower than in IDA patients with similar degree of anemia [(43.00 +/- 22.00) IU/L, P < 0.01]. Both O/P EPO [0.88 (0.54-1.10)] and O/P sTfR [0.89 (0.57-1.22)] were significantly lower in anemic cancer patients than in controls and in non-anemic cancer patients. There was no significant difference between the latter two groups. Furthermore, the expected inverse linear relation between serum EPO and hemoglobin levels was absent in the anemic cancer patients, and so did the relation between serum sTfR and hemoglobin levels. There was no correlation between O/P EPO and O/P sTfR. The serum levels of both TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma in anemic cancer patients [(25.75 +/- 26.71) ng/L, (50.49 +/- 42.12) ng/L, respectively] were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (both P < 0.01) or in nonanemic cancer patients (both 0.01 < P < 0.05), and so did between non-anemic cancer patients and controls. The serum levels of TNF-alpha were inversely correlated with hemoglobin levels (r = - 0.40, P = 0.004), O/P EPO (r = -0.32, P = 0.025) or O/P sTfR (r = -0.36, P = 0.01); while serum levels of IFN-gamma were inversely correlated with hemoglobin levels (r = -0.36, P = 0.01) or O/P sTfR (r = 0.39, P = 0.006), but not with O/P EPO. Conclusions Anemia of cancer is due to impaired erythropoiesis and relative inadequacy of EPO production. TNF-alpha might inhibit EPO production and erythropoiesis, while IFN-gamma maybe directly inhibit erythropoiesis and be independent of EPO response inadequacy.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anemia ; blood ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Erythropoiesis ; physiology ; Erythropoietin ; biosynthesis ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms ; complications ; Receptors, Transferrin ; blood ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate clinical efficacy of suture anchors in treating acute injuries of medial collateral ligament (MCL) of knee at degree III.

METHODSTwenty-seven patients with degree III acute MCL injuries of knee were treated with suture anchors from January 2007 to June 2011. There were 15 males and 12 females, aged from 19 to 56 (averaged 32.6) years old. The time from injury to operation was 3 to 10 days, averaged 6 days. Symptoms and physical signs before and after treatment were observed, Lysholm scoring were used to evluated clinical efficacy.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 16 to 30 months with an average of 21.6 months. The stability of knee joints was good in all patients. Abduction stress test was negative when the knee joint was straightened at 0 degrees and flexed at 30 degrees. The average degree of flexed knee (67.00 +/- 5.80) degrees preoperatively was lower than that of postoperatively (136.50 +/- 6.30) degrees at 1 year. According to Lysholm scoring, preoperative scores ranged from 30 to 43 points, averaged 36.46 +/- 1.48; 1 year after operation ranged from 87 to 100 with an average of 91.50 +/- 3.80 and higher than postoperative. Twenty patients got an excellent results, 5 good and 2 fair.

CONCLUSIONSuture anchors in treating acute injuries of medial collateral ligament of knee at degree III has following advantages: small range of tissue dissection, easy to operate, reliable fixation and less complications.

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Collateral Ligaments ; injuries ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Knee Injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Suture Anchors

BACKGROUNDHomoharringtonine (HHT) is a cephalotaxine ester derived from an evergreen tree found wildely throughout southern China, which has antileukemic activities against a variety of acute myeloid leukemic cells. For the sake of illustrating the mechanisms of HHT in the treatment of leukemia, we assessed the effect of HHT on the apoptosis of human chronic myeloid leukemic cell line K562.

METHODSThe apoptosis of K562 cells induced by HHT was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA, flow cytometry and terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick labeling.

RESULTSCharacteristic apoptosis-related features emerged in K562 cells after exposed to HHT at a concentration 0.05-100 microg/ml. Transmission electron microscopy of HHT treated K562 cells displayed chromatin condensation and aggregation under the nuclear membrane, nuclear fragmentation and apoptosis body formation. Typical DNA ladder in agarose gel electrophoresis was observed in the cells exposed to HHT. The cell cycle analysis measured by flow cytometry showed G1 phase cells decreased with the increase of S phase cells while apoptosis was induced by HHT in K562 cells. The percentage of apoptotic cells in K562 cells treated with 50 microg/ml of HHT decreased significantly when pretreated with 1 microg/ml of cycloheximide, 0.05 microg/ml of Actinomycin D respectively.

CONCLUSIONSHHT has apoptotic effects on K562 cells. The HHT induced apoptosis mainly of the cells in G1 phase and this process required RNA transcription and protein synthesis.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cycloheximide ; pharmacology ; Dactinomycin ; pharmacology ; G1 Phase ; drug effects ; Harringtonines ; pharmacology ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; drug therapy ; pathology

OBJECTIVE: To study the mechanism of inhibitory effect of Ubenimex on human leukemic cells. METHODS: K562 and HL60 cells were treated with Ubenimex at different concentrations, and the growth inhibition was analysed by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by light microscopy, agrose gel electrophoresis, TUNEL labeling method and flow cytometry (FCM) assay. RESULTS: (1)Treatment with Ubenimex remarkably inhibited the growth of HL60 cells, the IC(50) of Ubenimex for HL60 cells was 13.03&mgr;g/ml. But K562 cells were less sensitive than HL60. Ubenimex inhibited the growth of HL60 and K562 cells in a dose-dependent manner. (2)Apoptosis of leukemic cells was induced by Ubenimex, which was shown by the changes in morphology, DNA ladder on agrose gel, TUNEL labeling,typical peak before G1 phase of cell cycle and the positive of Annexin V(FITC) on the cells membrane with FCM. (3)Ubenimex induced apoptosis of K562 and HL60 cells in a dose-and-time-dependent manner. (4)The cell cycle analysis by FCM showed that the HL60 cells were blocked in G1 phase after treated by Ubenimex. Conclution Ubenimex can efficiently induce apoptosis of HL60 and K562 cells, this may be one of the mechanisms for inhibiting effect of Ubenimex on leukemia.

The effect of curcumin on JAK-STAT signaling pathway was investigated in hepatoma cell lines Huh7 and Hep3B. Curcumin inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis of both cell lines, but Huh7 cells were more sensitive to curcumin than Hep3B cells. Curcumin (50 micromol x L(-1)) significantly increased phosphorylations of p38 (T180/Y182) and STAT-1 (S727) in Huh7 and Hep3B cells, and caused relocalization of phosphorylated-STAT-1 (Y701) from cytoplasm to nucleus in Hep3B cells. In addition, curcumin (25 and 50 micromol x L(-1)) dramatically suppressed the phosphorylation level of STAT-1 (Y701) and resulted in a significant reduction of nuclear phosphorylated-STAT-1 (Y701) in Huh7 cells.
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Curcuma ; chemistry ; Curcumin ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Janus Kinases ; metabolism ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Phosphorylation ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; STAT1 Transcription Factor ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism

PURPOSETo describe an indirect reduction technique during minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) of tibial shaft fractures with the use of a distraction support.

METHODSBetween March 2011 and October 2014, 52 patients with a mean age of 48 years (16-72 years) sustaining tibial shaft fractures were included. All the patients underwent MIPPO for the fractures using a distraction support prior to insertion of the plate. Fracture angular deformity was assessed by goni- ometer measurement on preoperative and postoperative images.

RESULTSPreoperative radiographs revealed a mean of 7.6°(1.2°-28°) angulation in coronal plane and a mean of 6.8°(0.5°-19°) angulation in sagittal plane. Postoperative anteroposterior and lateral radio- graphs showed a mean of 0.8°(0°-4.0°) and 0.6°(0°-3.6°) of varus/valgus and apex anterior/posterior angulation, respectively. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were noted.

CONCLUSIONSThis study suggests that the distraction support during MIPPO of tibial shaft fractures is an effective and safe method with no associated complications.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Plates ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; adverse effects ; methods ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery