Objective To explore the effects of chronic levodopa treatment on characteristics of N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA) receptor subunit 1(NR1) on the neurons of striatum in rat models of Parkinsonism related motor complications.Methods Rat models(n=25)of Parkinsonism related motor complications were established and were randomly divided into solvent treatment group(n=5,intraperitoneal injection with vitamin C),levodopa chronic treatment group(n=10,intraperitoneal injection with levodopa for 23 d) and MK-801 treatment group(n=10,intraperitoneal injection with MK-801 on d 23 after intraperitoneal injection with levodopa for 22 d).Another 5 rats were served as controls(sham-operation group,n=5).Locomotion changes of rats in MK-801 treatment group were recorded,and NR1 phosphorylation in the other three groups was detected by Western blotting. Results After chronic treatment with levodopa methylester for 1,8,15 and 22 d,rats in MK-801 treatment group displayed shortened rotational duration and increased peak rotation.Compared with d 22,MK-801 both prolonged rotational duration and reduced peak rotation(P0.05).The expression of NR1,phosphorylated NR1S890,NR1S896 and NR1S897 in striatal membranes in levodopa chronic treatment group was increased compared with that of solvent treatment group(P

Clinical teaching way in pediatrics has been investigated,and its current state understood to provide the direction of clinical teaching in pediatrics.

Objective To explore the relationship between the genesis of dyskinesia and the degree of substantia nigra lesion in Parkinson disease(PD).Methods The hemi-parkinsonian rat model was established by injecting 6-OHDA stereotaxically to right medial forebrain bundle(MFB). Then the hemi-parkinsonian rat was injected intraperitoneally with levodopa methylester(25 mg?kg~(-1)?d~(-1),twice a day)for 21 days,the abnormal involuntary movements were estimated.After being sacrificed,the midbrain was removed,and the injured degree of dopaminergic neurons at substantia nigra was observed by tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry staining.The relationship between the abnormal involuntary movement scores and dopaminergic neurons loss at substantia nigra was evaluated by sigmoid equation analysis by using Excel software.Results The apomorphine-induced rotation rate above 7 r/min was found in 10 of 25 rats,those rats were regarded as successful hemi-parkinsonian model rats.After the treatment with levodopa methylester,8 of 10 rats displayed abnormal involuntary movements,including stereotype and contralateral rotation,the types of movements varied.Abnormal involuntary movements were appeared in the rats with dopaminergic neurons loss above 90%.The positive relationship was observed between the degree of lesion in substantia nigra and the severity of abnormal involuntary movements.Conclusions The severe loss of dopaminergic neurons at substantia nigra probably plays a role in the development of levodopa-induced dyskinesia in patient with Parkinson disease.

Objective To investigate cellular and behavioural effects of 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8- OH-DPAT in a rat model of levodopa-induced motor complications.Methods The hemi-parkinsonian rat model was produced by stereotaxically injecting 6-OHDA to right medial forebrain bundle(MFB).Two sets of experiments were performed.First,rats were intrapefitoneally treated with levodopa 50 mg/kg plus benserazide 12.5 mg/kg twice a day for 22 days.On day 23,rats intraperitoneally received either 8-OH- DPAT(1 mg/kg)or 8-OH-DPAT plus WAY-100635(0.1 mg/kg)or dissolvent with each levodopa dose as controls.In the second set,rats were intraperitoneally treated either with levodopa(50 mg/kg)plus 8-OH- DPAT(1 mg/kg)or levodopa 50 mg/kg plus dissolvent,administered twice daily for 22 consecutive days. Rotational duration and frequency of off period were estimated.After sacrificed,subcellualr distribution of GluR1 and GluR1Ser845 phosphorylation was observed by Western blot.Results 8-OH-DPAT,reversing the shortened rotational duration induced by levodopa,prolonged the rotational duration by 27.8%?6.1% and reduced the frequency of failures to levodopa by 7.2%?1.7%.Co-administration of WAY-100635,a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist,with 8-OH-DPAT eliminated the effect of 8-OH-DPAT on motor complications, indicating that the observed 8-OH-DPAT responses were probably mediated via the 5-HT1A autoreceptor. Moreover,8-OH-DPAT could regulate subcellular distribution of GluR1 and reduce hyperphosphorylation of GluR1 Ser845 by 22.1%?3.5%,which was closely associated with levodopa-induced motor complications. Conclusions These results suggest that pharmaceuticals stimulating 5-HT1A receptors could be useful in the treatment and prevention of the motor complications in parkinsonian patients.

OBJECTIVETo compare clinical effects of spinal leveraging manipulation and medicine for the treatment of degenerative scoliosis in pain and function.

METHODSFrom July 2010 to June 2013, 38 patients with degenerative scoliosis were randomly divided into spinal leveraging manipulation group and medicine group by coin tossing. In manipulation group, there were 9 males and 11 females aged from 58 to 74 years old with an average of (66.63±7.73), the courses of diseases ranged from 3 to 8 months with an average of (5.65±2.58), spinal leveraging manipulation(following meridian to straighten tendon,relieving spasm, osteopathy and massage, clearing and activating the channels and collaterals) were performed for 30 min, once a day, 4 days for a period treatment, totally 9 courses. In medicine group, there were 8 males and 10 females aged from 57 to 70 years old with an average of (63.51±6.61) the courses of diseases ranged from 3 to 5 months with an average of (4.82±1.43), celecoxib with eperisone hydrochloride were orally taken, 4 days for a period treatment, totally 9 courses. VAS score, Cobb angle and ODI score were measured.

RESULTSAfter treatment, VAS score in manipulation group was (5.38±0.99), (6.36±1.31) in medicine group,and had significant meaning (t=2.618, P<0.05); there was significant differences in Cobb angle between manipulation group (16.51±4.89)° and medicine group (19.85±5.03) °(t=2.074,P<0.05); and had obviously meaning in ODI score between manipulation group (20.20±2.93) and medicine group (26.01±3.11) (t=5.592, P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSpinal leveraging manipulation for degenerative scoliosis could regulate muscle balance on both side of spine, correct coronal imbalances in spine, recover normal sequence of spine, reduce and remove opperssion and stimulation of nerve root, relieve pain in leg and waist and further improve quality of life.

Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Celecoxib ; Female ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Male ; Manipulation, Spinal ; Middle Aged ; Propiophenones ; administration & dosage ; Pyrazoles ; administration & dosage ; Scoliosis ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Sulfonamides ; administration & dosage ; Treatment Outcome

Objective This study aimed to investigate the incidence and the cause for duodenalbiliary reflux and reflux cholangitis after metallic stent placement in distal common bile duct Methods After percutaneous transhepatic bile duct puncture and biliary outside drainage was performed, 16 cases with malignant distal biliary stricture underwent metallic stent placement in distal common bile duct Before stent placement, the routine laboratory studies including leukocyte, neutrophil percentage and the levels of total bilirubin and direct bilirubin in blood were performed for all patients. Two to five days [ an average of (3.3 ±0. 9) days ] after stent implantation, the above indexes were tested again, and 1 ml of water containing 185 MBq of 99Tcm-DTPA was given orally before extubation, then 99Tcm radioactivity in the bile was detected 2 hours later. For the measurement data obtained from the experiment, t test or Wilcoxon signed rank test was adopted to compare them, and P ＜ 0. 05 was considered to be statistically different Results In 14 cases, radioactivity was successfully detected in the bile 2-5 days after stent implantation. Twelve of them was detected to have radioactivity in the bile 2 hours before extubation with duodenal-biliary reflux. The technetium count in the bile accounted for 1.82% of the total intake dose. There was no radioactivity in the bile in 2 cases. In 14 patients, there were no symptoms of cholangitis such as high fever, chills, increased jaundice, and so on after stent implantation. The mean of white blood cell count was (7.59 t2. 62) × 109/L, and the median of neutrophil percentage was 0. 74. Compared with those before stent implantation, the difference did not reach statistical significance ( t = 0. 423, Z = 1. 036, P ＞ 0. 05 ).After stent implantation, the median of total bilirubin and direct bilirubin were significantly lower, which were 92. 2 and 74. 3 μmol/L. Compared with those before stenting,the difference was statistically significant (Z= -3. 170, -3. 170, P ＜0.05). Conclusions There is a high incidence of duodenal-biliary reflux after stent implantation in distal common bile duct in the early stage. However, there is no simultaneous cholangitis caused by duodenal-biliary reflux.

Objective To explore the method and value of percutanously interventional therapeusis for treatment of obstructive jaundice caused by hepatocellular carcinoma accompanied with bile duct thrombosis.Methods Sixteen cases with bile duct thrombosis proved by pathology and imaging examinations were retrospectively analyzed.According to the clinical symptoms, all the patients received percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) including permanent external drainage, temporary internal drainage and implantation of covered stents.Serum total bilirubin (TBIL) after the interventional therapeusis were measured and compared with that before the treatments by t test to evaluate the efficacy of these treatments.The relief of clinical symptoms was also reviewed to evaluate the efficacy of these treatments.The patients were followed up within 2 years.Results The PTBD was successfully performed in 16 cases.Permanent external drainage, temporary internal drainage and implantation of covered stents were performed in 2 patients, 7 patients and 7 patients respectively.TBIL after the interventional therapy decreased significantly (t=7.366, P<0.01) to (161.2±80.5) μmol/L averagely from (261.9±77.2)μmol/L before the treatments.All the patients died before the end of followed-up.The average survival time was 204 days (30 to 391 d)and the median survival time was 200 days.Bleeding and infection were the main complications, which could be controlled successfully by routine treatments.Conclusion With high achievement ratio and good efficacy, percutanously interventional therapeusis are good choices for the treatments of obstructive jaundice due to bile duct thrombosis.

The severity of disease can be used to evaluate the current situation of patients as well as to predict the diseases outcome.In the meantime, the severity among different diseases has been more and more applied in the evaluation of the patients at hospital level.This study collected and summarized different types of international disea-ses grouping tools'characteristics and applications based on the severity of disease, and their suitability and practical values in hospital performance evaluation were compared and analyzed.

In vivo Mammalian Bone Marrow Micronucleus Test is included in the standard battery genotoxicity testing,with great application prospects in medicine,public health,food and drug safety evaluation fields.Establishing standardized experimental methods and conditions in GLP condition and accumulating a certain range of background data could effectively ensure the reliability of the test system,and also provide strong basis to support the experimental data.We herein summarized the background data of mouse and rat bone marrow micronucleus tests performed from 2007 to 2015,to expound the standardized data collection method for rodent animal bone marrow micronucleus test.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the application of side-to-side anastomosis of the lesser curvature of stomach and jejunum in laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB).

METHODSClinical data of 29 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) undergoing side to side anastomosis of the lesser curvature of stomach and jejunum in LRYGB from May 2012 to November 2012 in Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSAll the procedures were successfully completed without conversion to laparotomy. The side-to-side anastomosis of the lesser curvature of stomach and jejunum avoided the laparoscopic suture. No gastrojejunostomy anastomotic bleeding, fistula, obstruction and other complications occurred after operation and no complications of gastrojejunostomy anastomosis were found during a follow up of 1 to 7 months.

CONCLUSIONSSide-to-side anastomosis of the lesser curvature of stomach and jejunum in LRYGB can manipulate the size of anastomosis accurately and avoid the laparoscopic suturing. It is simple and easy to learn.

Adult ; Aged ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastric Bypass ; methods ; Humans ; Jejunum ; surgery ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome