[Summary] Autophagy is an intracellular degradation process by which the damaged organelles and macromolecules are lysosomal dependently degraded by auto‐phagocyte under the control of autophagy‐related genes. The autophagy level in hypothalamus and adipose tissue changes in obese individuals.Autophagy participates in the regulation of food intake and energy balance ,and associates with adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis. More and more attention has been paid to the relationship between autophagy and obesity w hich may guide the new research direction of pathogenesis study and therapy of obesity.

Twenty-five mongrel dogs were randomized into 3 groups;the animals of group Ⅰ were traumatized with bone marrow extract,those of group Ⅱ were similarily traumatized and then treated with anisodamine,and those of group Ⅲ received saline only and served as control.The specimens of arterial and venous blood were collected and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung homogenate were obtained after the animal was killed.The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the concentration of lipid peroxides (LPO) were determined.Meanwhile,the clinical manifestations,blood gas analysis.chest radiography,and pathological examinations were performed or observed.It was found there were following findings:(1)In group I,SOD activity and LPO level in the lung homogenate and BALF were markedly elevated immediately after injury,which suggests that there had been a rapid production of active oxygen.As a result.various degrees of lung damages were pricipitated.(2)In group Ⅱ,an increase of SOD activity and LPO level in the blood,lung homogenate and BALF:The elevation was more marked than that in group Ⅲ but less marked than that in group Ⅰ.which indicates that there was a relatively of less amount of active oxygen production by the interference anisodamine.(3)In group Ⅱ,no significant changes of SOD activity and LPO livel were found.Our findings suggest that active oxygen is likely to play a very important role in the pathogenesis of acute lung damages in respiratory distress syndrome.

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of breast cancer suscepterbility gene 1 (BRCA1) in leukemia.Methods Fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase PCR was used to investigate the expression of BRCA1 in 18 patients with ALL-L2 (13 denovo ALL patients,5 relapsed ALL patients),20 patients with CML-CP and 15 normal controls.Results The mRNA expression of BRCA1 in denovo patients with ALL was lower than that in normal control,with statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).The mRNA level of BRCA1 in ALL patients in CR was higher compared with before to cure, with statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05),but lower than that in normal control,without statistical significance(P ＞ 0.05).The mRNA expression of BRCA1 in patients with relapsed ALL was lower than that in normal control with statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05), and lower than that in denovo patients with ALL, without statistical significance (P ＞ 0.05).The mRNA level of BRCA1 showed no difference in CML-CP patients compared with normal control (P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion The different expression of BRCA1 in leukemia indicates that he has closely relationship with the prognosis of leukemia and guides the clinical diagnosis and treatment.

According to that Y-chromosomal sequence in characterised by Y-specific repeat DNA family (DYZ1 ), which contain 800-5000 copies, a pair of primers Y3, Y4 is designed to amplify their 446bp long of specific DNA segment by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), so as to detect male fetal cells in materal blood. In this paper male fetal cells in maternal blood can be detected by PCR amplification of unpurified DNA from maternal peripheral blood during various stages of gestation (early, middle, late). Compared with villi, ammotic fluid and deliverd neonate sex their coincident rate are 93%. 100%, 87. 5% respectively among three periods. It is revealed that noninvasive examining fetal cells from peripheral blood of pregnant women for diagnosis of sex-linked inherited diseases is significant valuable.

Resveratrol, isorhapontigenin and pinosylvin, isolated from Gnetum parvifolium, and their analogues have been synthesized and tested for their inhibitory activity of HIV-1. Natural product 12a and analogues (12d, 12e, 12g) display significant inhibitory activity of HIV-1 replication. Among them, compound 12d (trans-3, 4, 5, 4'-tetrahydroxystilbene) exhibits the most potent anti-HIV-1 activity with an IC50 value of 1.84 micromol x L(-1).

Objective To quantify the percentage of CD8+ T cells and their expressions of cytotoxic molecules and homing-related chemokine receptors in peripheral blood from patients with atopic dermatitis (AD).Methods Peripheral blood was obtained from 15 patients with AD and 14 healthy controls.Flow cytometric analysis was performed to determine the percentages of CD8+ T cells and CD8+CLA+ T cells in the peripheral blood samples,as well as the expression levels of cytotoxic molecules and homing-related chemokine receptors on these cells.Differences in these parameters were analyzed using t test,and relationship between these parameters was evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficient.Results No significant difference was observed between the patients with AD and healthy controls in the percentage of CD8+ T cells,the expressions of perforin,granzyme B,CCR10,CCR6 or FasL on CD8+ T cells,or the expressions of CCR4,CCR10,CXCR6 or FasL on CLA+CD8+ T cells (all P ＞ 0.05).A significant increase was noted in the percentage of CLA+CD8+ T cells (3.80％ ± 1.46％ vs.2.18％ ± 0.85％,t =3.636,P ＜ 0.01) and expression rates of CCR4 on CD8+ T cells (13.86％ ± 4.42％ vs.9.50％ ± 2.14％,t =3.738,P ＜ 0.01) as well as perforin and granzyme B on CLA+CD8+ T cells (74.27％ ± 15.94％ vs.57.20％ ± 14.64％,t =2.998,P ＜ 0.01; 70.90％ ± 13.85％ vs.56.41％ ± 11.00％,t =3.104,P ＜ 0.01) in the patients with AD compared with the healthy controls.Conclusions The proportion of CLA+CD8+ T cells is increased with enhanced expressions of cytotoxic molecules such as perforin and granzyme B in peripheral blood of patients with AD,which may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD.

Objective To establish a rapid, sensitive and selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of acyclovir (the metabolite of valacyclovir hydrochloride) in human plasma. Methods After addition of ganciclovir as internal standard (IS), plasma samples were prepared by one-step protein precipitation using acetonitrile as precipitant, followed by an isocratic elution with 0.1% formic acid 3.5μm) column. Detection was performed on a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer utilizing electrospray ionization (ESI) interface operating in positive ion and selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode with the precursor to product ion transitions m/z 226.2→152.1 for acyclovir and m/z 256.2→152.1 for the IS. Results The analytical results demonstrated a good linearity over the ranges from 0.005 to 4μg/mL (r=0.9999) for valacyclovir hydrochloride. The relative standard deviations (RSD) of intra-batch and inter-batch were less than 4.06% and 9.23%, respectively. The limit of detection and lower limit of quantification in human plasma were 2ng/mL and 5ng/mL, respectively. Conclusion The method was simple, sensitive, accurate and reproducible and has been successfully applied to a bioequivalence study of valacyclovir hydrochloride capsules in Chinese healthy male volunteers.

Adult ; Altitude ; Arteries ; metabolism ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ; blood ; Humans ; beta-Endorphin ; blood

objective To investigate the protective effect and possible mechanisms of extract of Gingko biloba(EGB)on early diabetic nephropathy(DN).Methods Fifty-one patients with early DN were randomly divided into control group(n=25)treated by irbesartan alone and treated group(n=26)treated by EGB combined with irbesartan.Serum high sensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)were determined with ELISA before and after treatment,and urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER),fasting blood glucose (FBG),serum creatinine(SCr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN)and lipid profiles were examined as well.Results Compared with pretreatment,at the end of 6 months'treatment,the values of hs-CRP decreased from(194.37±34.02)and(191.51±27.15)mg/L to(164.13±32.86)and(134.65±20.47)mg/L in control group and treatment group,respectively.MCP-1 was downregulated from(304.23±38.56)and(299.66±44.07)ng/L to (235.43±28.66)and(165.53±21.96)ng/L in control group and treated group(all P＜0.05).After treatment,the decrement of hs-CRP and MCP-1 level in the treated group was more significant than that in control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion EGB could retard the development of early DN,through down-regulating the expresssion of seram MCP-1,decreasing serum hs-CRP concentration and inhibiting inflammatory reaction.

Objective To investigate the factors that related to acute biliary pancreatitis including size and the location of the common bile duct stone. Methods Clinical data from 3497 patients with common bile duct stone admitted to the hospital between Jan. 2002 and Dec. 2008 were retrospective analyzed. All patients were grouped according to the size and the location of the bile duct stones. The incidence of acute pancreatitis was compared among groups. Results In patients with common bile duct stone accompanying the acute pancreatitis,common symptoms were fever, bellyache and jaundice, as well as elevated serum amylase. There was a negative correlation between size of the common bile duct stone and the severity of acute hiliary pancreatitis, which was easily induced by the stone in the Vater's ampullar or distal common bile duct. Conclusion Early endoscopic treatment should be carried out in patients with microlith located in the Vater's ampullar or distal common bile duct in order to prevent the acute biliary pancreatitis.