Objective To evaluate the skills in using inhalers among the asthmatic patients who visited the out-patient clinic and whether or not the nursing intervention could further improve the efficacy of the drug delivery device. Methods 321 asthmatic patients who had visited the clinic and prescribed inhalers from April to December 2009 were investigated of the basic status, former medication history and skills in using metered dose inhaler (MDI) and dry powder inhaler (DPI). Nursing intervention had been carried out and the results were analyzed. Results Subjects belonging to different educational level groups were significantly different in mastering skills using MDI and DPI after reading instructions. There also existed significant difference between MDI and DPI users. Among patients who had already used inhalers, there was significant difference between subjects who had received instruction from medical personnel and subjects who had only read paper directions. Nursing intervention could significantly improve the skills in handling the device. Conclusions Proper skills in using inhalers could not be possessed just by reading paper directions. Instructions or even multimedia presentation from medical personnel are vital for asthmatic patients to master the skills in using MDI and DPI.

The fluorescence of Rhodamune B could be quenched by the manner of photo-unduced electron transfer wuth Cu2-x Se nanopartucles as the energy receptor and Rhodamune B as the energy donor. However, L-cysteune was capable of recoverung the fluorescence of Rhodamune B, and the fluorescence untensuty was proportuonal to the concentratuons of L-cysteune. Based on that, a novel method for detectung L-cysteune was establushed. After muxung L-cysteune and Rhodamune B pretreated by Cu2-x Se nanopartucles at pH 4. 6 and 30℃ for 2 mun, a lunear relatuonshup was obtauned between the fluorescence untensuty of Rhodamune B at 575 nm and the concentratuons of L-cysteune un the range of 2. 5 ×10-7-1. 1 ×10-6 mol/L. Thus method was used un the determunatuon of L-cysteune wuth a detectuon lumut (3σ/k) of 5. 5×10-8 mol/L. The common amuno acuds presented luttle unterference for the L-cysteune detectuon.

Objective To investigate the influence of total progressively motile sperm count(TPMSC) after treatment on clinical outcomes of intrauterine insemination(IUI) with the husband′s sperm in ovulation-promoting cycles.Methods The clinical data in 4179 cases undergoing IUI with the husband′s sperm in ovulation-promoting cycles were retrospectively analyzed.The correlation between clinical pregnancy rate and TPMSC was analyzed.Results Among all the clinical data,TPMSC was to 100×106 in occasional live sperm.TPMSC<0.15×106 was in 15 cases,1 case had pregnancy (live sperm was occasionally seen on IUI day after sperm processing).Ten cases of TPMSC >60×106 had no pregnancy.A total of 4 154 cases of TPMSC (0.15-60.00)×106 were analyzed.The female age,duration of infertility,number of follicles and endometrial thickness(EDM) had no statistical differences among various groups.The clinical pregnancy rate was 13.5%(576/4 154),the group with the highest clinical pregnancy rate was (5.00-<10.00)×106.But there was no statistically significant difference in clinical pregnancy rate among groups(P=0.133).Conclusion Performing IUI in PMSC (0.15-60.00)×106 after processing can get preferable pregnancy rates.

ObjectiveTo study the MR Imaging features of breast phyllodes tumor (PT),and to correlate it with pathological results.MethodClinical and MRI findings were retrospectively reviewed in twenty-seven women with 28 PTs lesions confirmed by surgical pathology.Statistical analyses were one-way ANOVA for size analysis,Fisher exact test for analysis of MR appearances and Spearman correlation to study the relationship between MRI findings and BI-RADS categories.Results( 1 ) The histologic findings were benign,borderline and malignant PTs in 14.3％ (4/28),53.6％ (15/28) and 32.1％ (9/28) of lesions,respectively.(2) The mean maximum-diameter were (6.4 ± 3.9) cm,(5.7 ± 2.2) cm in borderline type and (4.8 ± 1.8)cm in benign type respectively.The results showed differences in lesion's size among the three type (F = 287.541,P =0.000),especially between malignant and benign type (P = 0.033 ).(3)Internal non-enhanced septations and silt-like changes on enhanced images,as well as time-signal curve on MRI correlated significantly with the histological grade ( P ＜ 0.05 ).( 4 ) If the category BI-RADS ≥ 4a was considered to be a suspicious sign for malignant lesion,the diagnostic accuracy of MRI would be 96.4％ (27/28),and the BI-RADS category of the MRI could reflect the PT's histological grade with a low correlation coefficient ( r = 0.382,P = 0.045 ).Conclusion The findings of PT on MRI have some characteristics,with tumor size and several MRI features correlating with the histological grade of breast PT.

Objective To study the intervention effect of the fluorosis with the high aluminum plus soybean, selenium powder, spiral algae. Methods Two week-long SD rats were randomly allocated into 5 groups bases on body weight with 8 in each group, respectively being control, the high fluoride aluminum,the high fluoride aluminum plus soybean, the high fluoride aluminum plus selenium and the high fluoride aluminum plus spiral algae group. The control group was fed with corn produced in non-endemic area containing 5.20 mg/L of fluoride and 6.80 mg/L of aluminum and tap water of fluoride 0.70 mg/L and aluminum 0.20 mg/L. Other groups were fed primarily with corn produced in the endemic area with the content of fluoride of 110.00 mg/L and aluminum of 19.70 mg/L and tap water with high aluminum also with fluoride of 0.70 mg/L and aluminum of 90.00 mg/L. The high fluoride aluminum plus soybean group was added soybean in the beginning of the experiment, approximately 30% of the total amount. Selenium (3.00 mg/kg) was given to the high fluoride aluminum plus selenium groups and spiral algae (1000.00 mg/kg) to the high fluoride aluminum plus spiral algae groups after dental fluorosis was formed. The experiment lasted for 22 weeks. In the end of the experiment 24-hour urine and bones of the limbs were collected to test the content of fluorine and aluminum. The ultrastructure of femur spongiosa was observed under electron microscope. Results ① Bone fluoride in high fluoride aluminum group [(204.07 ± 63.78)mg/kg] was higher than that in the control group, high fluoride aluminum plus soybean group, high fluoride aluminum plus selenium group and high fluoride aluminum plus spiral algae group[(30.06 ± 6.11), (54.12 ± 14.56), (30.44 ± 5.02), (105.08 ± 21.07)mg/kg, t = 0.62,0.53,0.62,0.35, all P < 0.01], indicating that it was lower in high fluoride aluminum plus selenium group than high fluoride aluminum plus spiral algae group(t = 0.27, P < 0.01). ② The urinary fluoride levels in high fluoride aluminum group [(4.52 ± 3.09)mg/L] was higher than that in the control group [(0.89± 0.37)mg/L, t = 0.23, P < 0.01] and lower than that in the fluoride aluminum plus selenium group[(10.38 ± 1.58) mg/L, t = 0.34, P < 0.01], it was higher in high fluoride sluminum with selenium group than that in the high fluoride aluminum plus soybean group and high fluoride aluminum plus spiral algae group[(5.56 ± 1.69), (4.38 ± 3.36)mg/L, t = 0.28,0.35, all P < 0.05]. ③ The bone aluminum level in the control group[(3.32 ± 3.02)mg/kg] was lower than that in the high fluoride aluminum group, high fluoride aluminum plus soybean group, high fluoride aluminum plus selenium group and high fluoride aluminum plus spiral algae group [(374.21 ± 56.11), (118.20 ± 23.59), (114.01 ± 22.84), (67.11 ± 11.53)mg/kg, t = 1.42,0.44,0.42,0.24, all P < 0.05], it was higher in the high fluoride aluminum group than high fluoride aluminum plus the soybean and selenium and spiral algae groups (t = 0.56,0.57,0.68, all P < 0.01)lower in high fluoride aluminum plus spiral algae group than the soybean plus selenium group(t = 0.11,0.10, all P < 0.05). ④The urine aluminum level in high fluoride aluminum group [(1.14 ± 0.32)mg/L] was higher than that in the control group and the high fluoride aluminum plus the soybean group [(0.66 ± 0.10) mg/L, t = 1.92,2.24, all P< 0.05] and that in high fluoride aluminum plus the soybean group was lower than aluminum plus the selenium[(1.03 ± 0.22)mg/L] and aluminum plus spiral algae group[(1.10 ± 0.28) mg/L, t = 1.73,2.06, all P < 0.05]. ⑤ Under electron microscope, the collagenous fiber was arranged in disorder in high aluminum fluorine group, the trabeculum of bone merged into patches or mostly vanished, This phenomenon was alleviated in the intervened group compared to the high aluminum fluorine group, in an attenuating order of the selenium group, the spiral algae and the soybean group. Conclusion In this experiment the intervention measure alleviates fluorosis, the selenium is the best, spiral algae the second and soybean the last.

OBJECTIVETo construct Dishevelled 2 (Dvl2)-targeted siRNA plasmids and to identify the effective recombinant plasmids in transciently-transfected RAW264.7 cells.

METHODSThe interfering sequences of Dvl2 were designed according to the sequence of Dvl2 of GenBank. Five paires of oligonucleotides were synthesized and inserted into plasmid pMAGic 4.0 to generate siRNA expression vectors, which were identified by flora PCR and sequence analysis. The recombinant plasmids siRNA-Dvl2 was transciently transfected into RAW264.7 cells by Lipofectamine 2000, which was confirmed under a fluorescence microscope and the interfering efficiency was detected by real-time RT-PCR.

RESULTSFive Dvl2 siRNA frames were successfully inserted into the plasmid vector pMAGic 4.0, and the flora PCR and sequence analysis confirmed the correct construction. Three of the five siRNA vectors suppressed the expression of Dvl2 mRNA, in which the siRNA-Dvl2-3 was the most efficient.

CONCLUSIONThe Dvl2-targeted recombinant siRNA plasmids can be constructed successfully to inhibit Dvl2 mRNA expression in transciently-transfected RAW264.7 cells, which can be used to pack virus particles and to construct siRNA-Dvl2 stably-transfected RAW264.7 cells in further research.

Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Plasmids ; RNA, Messenger ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Transfection

BACKGROUNDMolecular hydrogen, as a novel antioxidant, has been proven effective in treating many diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of hydrogen saturated saline in treatment of a rat model of diabetes mellitus and a rat model of insulin resistant.

METHODSA rat diabetes mellitus model was established by feeding a high fat/high carbohydrate diet followed by injection of a small dose of streptozotocin, and an insulin resistant model was induced with a high glucose and high fat diet. Hydrogen saturated saline was administered to rats with both models conditions on a daily basis for eight weeks. A pioglitazone-treated group and normal saline-treated group served as positive and negative controls. The general condition, body weight, blood glucose, blood lipids, and serum insulin levels of rats were examined at the 8th week after treatment. The oxidative stress indices, including serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were also evaluated after eight weeks of treatment using the commercial kits.

RESULTSHydrogen saturated saline showed great efficiency in improving the insulin sensitivity and lowering blood glucose and lipids. Meanwhile, the therapeutic effects of hydrogen saturated saline were superior to those of pioglitazone. Hydrogen saturated saline markedly attenuated the MDA level and elevated the levels of antioxidants SOD and GSH.

CONCLUSIONHydrogen saturated saline may improve the insulin resistance and alleviate the symptoms of diabetes mellitus by reducing the oxidative stress and enhancing the anti-oxidant system.

Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; drug therapy ; Hydrogen ; therapeutic use ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Insulin Resistance ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Rats ; Sodium Chloride ; chemistry ; Thiazolidinediones ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo construct the recombinant vectors that express mouse Dishevelled 2 (Dvl2), and to evaluate its expression level in transfected RAW264.7 cells.

METHODSA pair of specific primers were designed according to the mouse Dvl2 cDNA sequence published in GenBank. Total RNA of RAW264.7 cells was extracted, and open reading frame of Dvl2 was obtained by RT-PCR, which was then cloned into pEZ-M29 plasmid. Electrophoresis after macrorestriction and DNA sequence analysis were used to identify the reconstructed plasmids. After transient transfection via liposome, the transfection of RAW264.7 cells was confirmed under a fluorescence microscope, and the expression level of Dvl2 was evaluated by real-time RT-PCR.

RESULTSThe recombinant plasmid containing mouse Dvl2, namely pEZ-M29/ Dvl2, was successfully constructed, and confirmed by DNA sequence analysis. After 48 h of tranfection, the expression of enhanced green fluorescene protein was observed under a fluorescence microscope, and real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed that the Dvl2 mRNA level was prominantly elevated in the transient transfected RAW264.7 cells.

CONCLUSIONThe recombinant plasmids pEZ-M29/Dvl2 are successfully constructed and can elevate the Dvl2 mRNA level in the transient transfected RAW264.7 cells, which can be used in further studies aiming at revealing the functional significance of Dvl2 in the osteoclastogenesis.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; biosynthesis ; Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Dishevelled Proteins ; Genetic Vectors ; Mice ; Phosphoproteins ; biosynthesis ; Plasmids ; RNA, Messenger ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo observe the influence of different investing methods and mold cooling methods on pure titanium castings invested in the self-made investment, and to provide theoretic base for the development for the investment.

METHODSThe influence of investing methods (one-step investing method and two-step investing method) on castability and crown fit of titanium castings were investigated, and the influence of cooling methods on reaction layers, mechanical properties and crown fit of titanium castings were investigated.

RESULTSBoth the investing methods exhibited good castability, but only the titanium full crowns by one-step investing method showed clinically acceptable fit. Although the quenching group showed thinner reaction layer(100 microm), lower strength and similar elongation rate, the titanium castings by bench cooling showed clinically acceptable full crown fit with 115 microm thick reaction layer as cast.

CONCLUSIONThe one-step investing method and the bench cooling are recommended for the self-made investment.

Crowns ; Dental Casting Investment ; Dental Casting Technique ; Dental Materials ; Fungi ; Investments ; Materials Testing ; Surface Properties ; Titanium

OBJECTIVETo study mRNA expression of immune-related genes (Foxp3, GATA3, CTLA4 and T-bet) in peripheral blood of the patients with allergic dermatitis induced by trichloroethylene (TCE).

METHODSThe peripheral blood samples were collected from 8 healthy workers (control group) and 8 patients with allergic dermatitis induced by TCE (case group). Real-time quantitative PCR was applied to detect mRNA expression of immune-related genes (Foxp3, GATA3, CTLA4, T-bet).

RESULTSThe mRNA expression levels of Foxp3, GATA3 and CTLA4 genes increased by 115%, 97% and 241% in case group, as compared with control group (P < 0.01). The mRNA expression level of T-bet gene decreased by 47% in case group, as compared with control group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe mRNA expression levels of some immune-related genes changed in patients with allergic dermatitis induced by TCE, those genes may play an important role in TCE-induced allergy.

Adult ; CTLA-4 Antigen ; metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Dermatitis, Occupational ; genetics ; immunology ; Female ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; GATA3 Transcription Factor ; metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; T-Box Domain Proteins ; metabolism ; Trichloroethylene ; Young Adult