OBJECTIVETo study the effect of electroacupuncture on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

METHODSFocal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model was established using modified intravascular suture technique. The NO content in the brain tissue was detected by nitrite reduction and the expressions of nNOS and iNOS were detected by immunohistochemistry. Eighty rats in this experiment were divided into the normal group, the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model group (as the model group), the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury + electroacupuncture group (as the acupuncture group), and the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury + phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3-K) inhibitor group (as the inhibitor group). Each group consisted of twenty rats. Five microL PI3-K inhibitor LY294002 (400 microL) was slowly injected at the lateral cerebral ventricle of rats in the inhibitor group at a constant speed using microinjector according to Konig Klippel atlas of the stereotaxis instrument. Shuigou (DU26) and Chengjiang (RN24) were selected to determine levels of NO and NOS.

RESULTSAfter 24-h ischemia-reperfusion, the NO levels of the hippocampus and the cerebral cortex increased abnormally, and the expressions of nNOS and iNOS increased, showing significant difference when compared with those of the normal group (P<0.05). By electroacupuncture at Shuigou (DU26) and Chengjiang (RN24), the ischemic cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury neuron loss was inhibited. Meanwhile, the high levels of NO, nNOS and iNOS in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus were significantly inhibited (P<0.05). The abnormally increased expressions of nNOS and iNOS were reversed, showing significant difference when compared with the model group (P<0.05). But when compared with the normal group, there was no significant difference (P>0.05). The effects of electroacupuncture reversed the abnormally increased NO levels of the hippocampus and the cerebral cortex and expressions of nNOS and iNOS after LY294002 oppressed anti-PI3K to block the TrkA acceptor circuit. The NO levels of the hippocampus and the cerebral cortex and expressions of nNOS and iNOS increased again, showing significant difference when compared with the acupuncture group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSAcupuncture fought against cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in the loss of neurons, at the same time, the abnormal regulation of NOS had reverse effect partly through TrkA/PI3K mediated signal transduction pathway.

Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; metabolism ; Electroacupuncture ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction

Objective To find out the potential risk factor of plague in Wanzhou section of the Three Gorges Reservoir area, and to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of plague. Methods Rodents were captured by rat traps/cages at night and identified into species in Wanzhou section of the Three Gorges Reservoir area from 2001 to 2009. Flea was counted and serum antibodies against plague F1 of rats, cats and dogs were detected by indirect hemagglutination (IHA). Plague surveillances were performed in human beings and rats. Results The rodents captured belonged to 9 species, 2 families, 2 orders and 1 classes. The average indoor rodent density was 1.16% (961/82 558), and was 1.12% (1345/119 671) outdoors. Rattus norvegicus was the dominant species,accounting for 50.37%. The proportion of R. Flavipectus was 3.80% in 2004, 4.50% in 2008 and 10.12% in 2009,showing an increasing trend year by year. There were three kinds of mice infected fleas in Wanzhou, which including Xenopsylla cheopis, Leptopsylla segnis and Ctenocephalides felis. The average rate of flea infected mice was 1.18%(82/6959) and the total flea index was 0.036. No F1 antibody against plague was detected in 6959 dogs and 160 cats serum samples. Conclusions No plague is found in Wanzhou section of the Three Gorges Reservoir area. But R.Flavipectus, Xenopsylla cheopis and Leptopsylla segnis are dominant species in Wanzhou section, and the proportion of which shows an increasing trends year by year. There is a potential risk of plague outbreaks in Wanzhou section of the Three Gorges Reservoir area.

OBJECTIVETo observe clinical effects of posterior short-segment fixation with undermining decompress by posterior ligament complex for the treatment of upper lumbar burst fractures.

METHODSFrom October 2010 to March 2013,23 patients with upper lumbar burst fractures (Denis B type) were treated by posterior short-segment fixation with undermining decompress by posterior ligament complex. There were 18 males and 5 females aged from 26 to 64 years old with an average of 45.7 years old. Twelve patients were caused by falling down, 5 cases were caused by traffic accident, 4 cases were the bruise injury caused by heavy object and 2 cases were caused by other injury. Fourteen patients were L1 fracture and 9 patients were L2 fracture. Thirteen patients were combined with nerve injuries (degree D according to ASIA classification). Internal fixation were removed from 12 to 20 months with an average of 14.3 months. JOA scores and imaging changes were recorded and compared at different time points.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 18 to 24 months with an average of 20.4 months. Thirteen patients with nerve injuries were completely recovered at 3 to 6 months after operation. JOA score at 1 year after operation was 20.63 ± 0.92, and 20.38 ± 1.06 at 3 months after removal of internal fixation,which were improved obviously than 9.90 ± 2.73 at 3 months after operation. (P > 0.05) Anterior height of injured vertebrae, vertebral body angle and local Cobb angle was (95.0 ± 0.53)%, (2.78 ± 1.36) and (2.43 ± 1.52) °respectively, and improved obviously than that of before operation (P < 0.05). There was no statistical significance in JOA scores at 3 months after removal of internal fixation and 1 year after operation (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONposterior short-segment fixation with undermining decompress by posterior ligament complex for the treatment of upper lumbar burst fractures has advantages of minimally invasive, could effective recover vertebrae height, maintain stability of spine, decrease low back pain. It is a safe and effective operative method.

Adult ; Decompression, Surgical ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; injuries ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spinal Fractures ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo investigate the applied anatomy of the superficial peroneal artery perforator flap and report the clinical results of repairing the soft tissue defects with free perforator flaps.

METHODS15 fresh cadavers were injected with a modified lead oxide-gelatin mixture for three-dimensional visualization reconstruction using a 16-slice spiral computed tomography scanner and specialized software (Materiaise's interactive medical image control system, MIMICS). The origin, course and distribution of the superficial peroneal artery perforator in the anterolateral leg region were observed. Clinically 6 cases with hand defects and 6 cases with feet defects were treated with free superficial peroneal artery perforator flap transplantation. The defect size ranged from 3.0 cm x 4.5 cm to 5.0 cm x 11.0 cm.

RESULTSThe diameter of the superficial peroneal artery is (1.2 +/- 0.3) mm at its origin from the anterior tibial artery 5 cm below the fibula head. It is (5.6 +/- 1.8) cm in length. This artery is truly anastomosed with other perforators to form the chain of superficial peroneal nerve accessory artery. The superficial peroneal artery perforators [outer diameter (0.7 +/- 0.2) mm] with a vein are in the anterolateral leg region, supplying the skin in proximal-middle region. All the 12 cases were treated successfully. The clinical results were satisfactory after 3-12 months of following-up.

CONCLUSIONSThe superficial peroneal artery perforator flap has constantly, reliable blood supply, and good texture. It is a good option for repairing soft-tissue defect with free transfer.

Cadaver ; Fibula ; Foot ; Foot Injuries ; surgery ; Free Tissue Flaps ; blood supply ; innervation ; transplantation ; Hand Injuries ; surgery ; Humans ; Leg ; Perforator Flap ; blood supply ; innervation ; transplantation ; Peroneal Nerve ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; surgery ; Tibial Arteries

OBJECTIVETo investigate the incidence, MRI characteristics and invasion route of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) infiltrating the cavernous sinus.

METHODSThe data of 141 patients with histologically proven NPC collected from May 2003 to June 2004 were reviewed. All patients were examined by 1.5-tesla superconducting MR unit to evaluate the tumor extent. MR FSE technique was used for T1 WI and T2WI images in the axial plane, followed by FSPGR fat-suppressed gadolinium-enhancement for T1WI images in the axial and coronal sections. All MR images were interpreted and evaluated by two diagnostic radiologists, paying particular attention to the nasopharynx and cavernous sinus infiltration.

RESULTSMR imaging showed infiltration of 49 cavernous sinuses in 39 patients (27.7%). The most common MRI features were enlargement of cavernous sinus with unconventional enhancement (22/49, 44.9%), even with formation of mass inside the sinus (9/49, 18.4%). The other MRI image features were local or diffuse dura mater thickening of cavernous sinus and presence of obscure structure as intra-sinus blurs and hazies inside. The most common infiltration route is through the foramen ovale (18/49, 36.7%), or through both the foramen ovale and foramen lacerum (6/49, 12.2%).

CONCLUSIONIn NPC patients, MRI invasion is characteristically and clearly shown as changes in the cavernous sinus. Possession of this information is crucial for giving correct treatment. The main infiltrtion route is through foramen ovale.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cavernous Sinus ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Reproducibility of Results ; Vascular Neoplasms ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo offer both the accurate three-dimensional anatomical information and algorithmic morphology of perforators in the lower leg for perforator flaps design.

METHODSThe cadaver was injected with a modified lead oxide-gelatin mixture. Radiography was first performed and the images were analyzed using the software Photoshop and Scion Image. Then spiral CT scan was also performed and 3-dimensional images were reconstructed with MIMICS 10.01 software.

RESULTSThere are (27 +/- 4) perforators whose outer diameter > or = 0.5 mm ( average, 0.8 +/- 0.2 mm). The average pedicle length within the superficial fascia is (37.3 +/- 18.6) mm. The average supplied area of each perforator is (49.5 +/- 25.5) cm2. The three-dimensional model displayed accurate morphology structure and three-dimensional distribution of the perforator-to- perforator and perforator-to-source artery.

CONCLUSIONSThe 3D reconstruction model can clearly show the geometric, local details and three-dimensional distribution. It is a considerable method for the study of morphological characteristics of the individual perforators in human calf and preoperative planning of the perforator flap.

Arteries ; Cadaver ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Leg ; blood supply ; Perforator Flap ; blood supply ; Surgical Flaps

OBJECTIVETo test whether the tumor vessel density (TVD) from the enhanced spiral CT can preoperatively predict nodal status and distant metastasis of colorectal cancer.

METHODSForty cases of colorectal cancer patients who received surgical treatment were included in this study. The three dimensional tumor vessels were reconstructed by an enhanced CT 64-slice spiral CT and its AW4.4 image processing platform. The TVD was measured by the 1000 high-resolution color graphics pathological analysis system. The TVD level was compared between different tumor size, classification, and TNM stage. The postoperative pathological staging was taken as golden standard.

RESULTSThe sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for direct prediction of lymph node metastasis by the enhanced CT 64-slice spiral CT was 74.1%(20/27), 53.8%(7/13) and 67.5%(27/40) respectively. The TVD from the reconstructed three dimensional tumor vessels in the group with lymph node metastasis was significantly higher than that without metastasis(0.070±0.046 vs. 0.037±0.013, P<0.05). The TVD in the distant metastasis group was significantly higher than that without distant metastasis (0.130±0.032 vs. 0.049±0.030, P<0.01). No difference of TVD was found between different tumor size, invasion depth, and differentiation type.

CONCLUSIONTVD level from the reconstructed three dimensional tumor vessels can indicate lymph node and distant metastasis of colorectal cancer.

Colorectal Neoplasms ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neoplasm Staging ; Tomography, Spiral Computed

OBJECTIVETo investigate the feasibility of free descending genicular artery perforator flaps in the soft tissue defects at extremities.

METHODSTen fresh cadavers were injected with lead oxide-gelatin mixture for three-dimensional visualization reconstruction using a 16-slice spiral computed tomography scanner and specialized volume-rendering software ( Materiaise's interactive medical image control system, MIMICS). The origin, course and distribution of the perforators in the thigh and leg region were observed. 11 patients with skin defects at the distal part of extremities were treated. The flap size ranged from 5 cm x 8 cm to 6 cm x 15 cm. Six flaps were pedicled with the descending genicular artery and the others were pedicled with the perforator of the descending genicular artery. All flaps were transferred by end to end anastomosis. RESULTS The follow-up period ranged from 6 to 18 months. All the flaps survived. The appearance and texture of the flaps were good with sensory recovery of S3.

CONCLUSIONSFree descending genicular artery perforator flap has a reliable blood supply and suitable thickness for the treatment of soft tissue defects at extremities. The technique is easily performed with reliable results.

Arteries ; Cadaver ; Extremities ; injuries ; Feasibility Studies ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Leg ; Perforator Flap ; blood supply ; transplantation ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; surgery ; Thigh ; Upper Extremity

OBJECTIVETo study the expression of A-kinase anchor protein 95 (AKAP95), cyclin E(2), and connexin 43 (Cx43) in lung cancer tissue, the clinical significance of their expression, and the expression correlation among the three proteins.

METHODSFifty-one samples of lung cancer tissue were examined by immunohistochemistry to measure the expression of AKAP95, cyclin E2, and Cx43.

RESULTSThe positive rate of AKAP95 expression in lung cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in paracancerous tissue (82.35% vs 33.33%, P < 0.05); AKAP95 expression was associated with the cell differentiation and histopathological type of lung cancer (P < 0.05). The positive rate of cyclin E(2) expression in lung cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in paracancerous tissue (43.14% vs 13.33%, P < 0.05); cyclin E(2) expression was associated with the lymph node metastasis and histopathological type of lung cancer (P < 0.05). The positive rate of Cx43 expression in lung cancer tissue was lower than that in paracancerous tissue (60.78% vs 80.00%); Cx43 expression was associated with the cell differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and histopathological type of lung cancer (P < 0.05). There was correlation between each two of AKAP95 expression, cyclin E(2) expression, and Cx43 expression in lung cancer tissue.

CONCLUSIONHigh expression of AKAP95 and cyclin E(2) plays an important role in the occurrence and development of lung cancer. AKAP95 expression is associated with the cell differentiation and histopathological type of lung cancer, and cyclin E2 expression is associated with lymph node metastasis and histopathological type. There is correlation between each two of AKAP95 expression, cyclin E(2) expression, and Cx43 expression in lung cancer tissue.

A Kinase Anchor Proteins ; metabolism ; Adult ; Aged ; Connexin 43 ; metabolism ; Cyclins ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective To verify the change of the anxiety and depression of patients anteriorposterior treatment at paraurethral duct dilitation after gonococcal infection of paraurethral duct.Methods Twenty-eight patients of paraurethral duct dilatation after male gonococcal infection of paraurethral duct were enrolled,and the patients were treated in the Department of Dermatology and Venerology,the First People's Hospital of Changshu City.The anxiety and depression of patients anteriorposterior treatment were assessed and compared with Hamilton depression scale and Hamilton anxiety scale.Results The total scores of Hamilton depression scale and Hamilton anxiety scale before treatment were positively correlated with course of disease (r =0.481,P =0.0095;r =0.549,P =0.0025).The total scores of Hamilton depression and anxiety before treatment were from 1 to 31 (18.9±7.5) and from 4 to 30 (14.9±6.8).The symptoms of depression and anxiety appeared in 11 patients and 15 patients respectively.The total scores of Hamilton depression andanxiety after treatment were from 0 to 8 (4.3±1.7) and from 0 to 8 (3.3±1.7).There was no symptom of depression and anxiety.The difference of the total score of Hamilton depression and anxiety before and after treatment had statistical significance (t =12.270,P＜0.001,t =10.626,P＜0.001).The difference of positive rate of depressive and anxious symptom before and after treatment had statistical significance too (x2 =9.05,P=0.003;x2 =13.06,P=0.000).Conclusions The sequelae of gonococcal paraurethral duct infection in male paraurethral duct dilatation can result in the anxiety and depression of patients,which should be treated.Effective therapy can relieve or cure the anxiety and depression of patients without the assistance of psychotropic drugs.