Objective To investigate the change of S-100B in serum in rats at varions times after exposure to different whole-brain irradiation doses and to explore the characteristics of the S-100B change in early radiation-induced brain injuries. Methods A model of brain radlation-induced injuries was estabhshed in the rat after whole-brain irradiation with a single dose of 2, 10, or 30 Gy of 4 MeV electron. The concentration of S-100B in serum was detected by means of enzyme-linked immunoserbent assay (ELISA) at different time points (1,6,12,24,3 days, 1 week, 1 month) after exposure. Results In terms of measuring time points, the serum concentration in all groups reached the fwst peak 6 hours after irradiation, declined after 12 hours, rose again after 24 hours, and started to decline again until the last time point (1 month), with the exception of the 2 Gy group, which reached the second peak at 3 days after irradiation. Conclusions The S-100B serum concentration was changed in the rats after whale-brain irradiation and these changes are positively related to the irradiation amount. It seems that the higher the dose, the higher the serum concentration and the differences between the dose groups are significant (via multiple regression models). The S-100B may be a valuable serum marker for the brain irradiation injury.

Objective To know the relative efficiency condition in some cardiovascular surgical ICU for the nursing administrator to allocate the nursing resources.Methods Used the C2R model and the G2GS2 model to evaluate the effeciency of nursing manpowers in 12 cardiovascular surgical ICUs.Results The percentage of decision-making unit was 75% from the aspect of pure technique.The inefficent units can achieve the same levels of effeciency as the efficiency units by altering their inputs.Conclusions The coexistence of insufficiency and lower effeiciency were found in the nursing resource utilization of some cardiovascular surgical ICU,with a DEA based approach,we are able to provide scientific basis for the resource allocation through identifying the level of nursing efficiency.

[Summary] Thoracic paravertebral block ( TPVB) can offer intra-postoperative analgesia for thoracic , cardiac, and breast operations .In recent years , the development of ultrasonic technology provides a platform for real-time and visual never block , which can further improve the success rate and reduce the incidence of complications .In this article, we reviewed the various approaches of ultrasound guidance for thoracic paravertebral blockade , and explored the latest progress of different technologies .

The conception of evidence-based medicine (EMB) has a strong influence on the medical world since it built up.This concept has been widely used in all sorts of clinic and basic medical research,however,it is little reported to be practised in our fundamental medical education.As for it,this article will briefly analyze the importance of introducing the idea into fundamental medical education,and for one thing,suggest some more reform measures for medical teaching staff.

Objective To evaluate the short term results of shoulder hemi-arthroplasty. Methods Twenty-one patients with comminuted intra-articular fracture of proximal humerus underwent Neer type (Link, Germany) humeral head replacement from August 2000 to January 2004, which involved 5 males and 16 females,with an average age of 70 years (range, 64-76 years). According to AO M?ller classification, 3 cases were of C1 type, 8 C2 type, and 10 C3 type. The important steps of the procedure included insertion of the prosthesis in 40 degree retroversion and reconstruction of the rotary cuff of shoulder. The rehabilitation training course was divided into three stages. The patients were trained passively in the first stage (1 day-6 weeks); The muscles around the shoulder undertook isometric contraction once the bone fusion of greater and lesser tuberosity were obtained on X-ray for the second stage (7 -12 weeks); The improvement of the muscle strength and ROM of the shoulder were targeted throughout the third stage (13-24 weeks). All cases were followed up with Neer's scoring system comprising the symptoms, function, range of motion (ROM) of shoulder, and position of the prosthesis. Results The follow-up was performed twice a month within one year postoperatively, and one time three months after that.The mean duration of follow-up was 34.5 months (range, 14 to 55 months). Only slight pain was complained occasionally in 4 cases. No difficulty in active daily life was found in 21 cases .The average ROM of shoulder was flexion 115?(range, 65?-165?),extension 42.5?(15?-70?),abduction 85?(50?-120?), adduction 32.5?(20?-45?), external rotation 40?(20?-60?),and internal rotation 50?(10?-90?). No dislocation or subluxation of shoulder occurred in all cases. Assessed by Neer's scoring system, 8 cases were rated as excellent, 9 as good, 3 as fair and 1 as poor. The excellent and good rate was 80.9%. The patients' satisfactory rate was 90%. Conclusion The shoulder hemi-arthroplasty show good short term results for comminuted intra-articular fractures of the proximal humerus. The key points to improve the postoperative results are presented as follows: less invasive technique, appropriate retroversion angle for humeral head prosthesis, very solid reconstruction for rotary cuff of shoulder, and correct consecutive physical therapy after surgery.

Objective The change of nitrogen oxide (NO) and gonadotropic releasing hormone (GnRH) in serum and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in bladder of emasculated female rat after treatment by Niaochangshu capsule was studied to investigate the mechanism of action of Niaochangshu capsule. Methods A total of 48 adult Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, control group with Nilestriol and trial group with Niaochangshu capsule. Resect the ovaries to make the estrogen-lack model. After 4 weeks intragastric administration, the serum NO and GnRH and bladder cGMP of all rats were examined. Results The content of serum NO and bladder cGMP were significant lower in the model group than the other three groups (P 0.05). Conclusions In emasculated female rats, the content of serum NO and bladder cGMP can be significantly increased by the Niaochangshu capsule, and it is better than Nilestrio.

It is important to detect and prevent Alzheimer disease (AD) at its early stage. Constituting the early stage sign of AD, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) has drawn much attention. Studies have shown that donepezil could reduce the AD assessment scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog) score in MCI patients and improve the patient's attention and speed of response; however, it also has many side effects. Therefore, the authors aim to explore the effects of Chinese herbal medicine for treating aMCI.

Objective The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of bumetanide on elderly type 2 diabetic patients with middle and advanced stages nephropathy. Methods Forty cases with diabetic nephropathy (DN) were divided into two groups:control group (20 cases) and treatment group (20 cases) . The control group accepted furosemide (20 mg, once a day) and the bumetanide was orally administrated at the dose of 1.0 mg, twice a day to the treatment group for 3 months. The assessment of transferrin (TRF) and urine microalbumin (UALB) was performed at the time points at the end of 1, 4, 8, 12 weeks after treatment. Results (1) The levels of BUN, SCr and UA after treatment were lower than before treatment, but there were no significant differences. (2) In the treatment group, the levels of TRF and UALB have decreased after treatment for 1 week, with no statistically significant. But at the end of 4, 8 and 12 weeks,the differences were statistically significant ( <0.05) . Especially, during the three months follow-up,the levels of TRF and UALB at 12 weeks have decreased obviously. Conclusion The therapeutic effect of bumetanide on DN might be better than that of furosemide.

ObjectiveTo explore the difference of the oxytocin Levels and cortisol levels between major depression patients and normal controls,and the relationship of symptoms severity of major depression with oxytocin levels and cortisol levels.MethodsTwenty 18 ～ 45years old major depression patients and twenty six normal controls were tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to evaluate the oxytocin levels and cortisol levels,and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-17 item was used to evaluate the symptoms severity of depression in patient group.ResultsMann-Whitney test showed there were significantly differences in oxytocin level between patients and controls ( ( 213.60 ± 164.29 ) pg/ml vs ( 112.27 ± 101.21 ) pg/ml,z =- 2.306,P =0.021 ),but there were no significantly differences in cortisol level between two groups.Within the depressive sample( (0.131± 0.089) vs (0.107 ± 0.077 ) pg/ul,z =- 0.920,P =0.358 ),the severity of depressive symptom was positive correlated to the value of oxytocin ( r=0.599,P=0.005) and cortisol( r=0.691,P=0.001 ),the value of oxytocin was also positive correlated to the value of cortisol( r =0.743,P ＜ 0.01 ),Multiple liner regression analyses showed that the value of oxytocin is an impact factor of the severity of depression.( adjusted R2 =0.358,F =11.578,P =0.003 ).ConclusionThis study indicated that the value of plasma oxytocin maybe significantly differences between depression and normal controls and the plasma oxytocin level maybe a factor which influence the severity of major depression,the relationship of the cortisol value and the severity of depression can not be confirmed.

Objective The changes of CECs,EPCs and CPCs in the old type 2 diabetes mellitus retinopathy(DR)patients and the clinical purpose were discussed.Methods 30 cases of T2DM(including 10 DM cases without complications and 20 DM cases with retinopathy)and 10 cases of health controls were enrolled in this study.Results(1)The changes of CECs in DR Patients were significantly higher while the levels of EPCs and CPCs were significantly lower than those in the patients of the control group.(2)There were some corrlation beteen the level of CECs,EPCs and CPCs and the degree of diabetic retinopathy.(3)The serum EPCs levels in type 2 diabetics were negativey associated with body mass index,waist-hip ratio,abdominal circumference,FPG,triglyceride,UAER,creatinine.Conclusion The levels of EPCs and CPCs in T2DM-DR patients may be the important detected targets for early discovery and monitoring of DR.