OBJECTIVETo evaluate the feasibility and safety of transperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy in live-donors.

METHODSTwo cases of live-donor underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy in May and August 2008 respectively and both were followed up.

RESULTIn two cases the operation time was 130, 10 min; blood loss was 50 ml; warm ischemic time was 30 s and 2 min; the length of artery was 4.0 cm and 3.5 cm; the length of vein was 3.0 cm. The grafted kidneys started to produce urine at 30 s and 10 s after blood supply. Renal function of donor returned to normal after two days. The donors were discharged at 7th day after the operation. Renal function of recipient was normal after 3 days.

CONCLUSIONTransperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy in live-donor is a safe and effective procedure, which provides kidney with satisfactory blood vessels and ureter for graft.

Female ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; Laparoscopy ; Living Donors ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrectomy ; methods ; Peritoneum ; surgery ; Tissue and Organ Harvesting

OBJECTIVEEnriching the hemostatic active part total iridoid glycosides from the aqueous extract of herbal Lamiophlomis rotata.

METHODFirst derivative spectrophotometry was used as the detection method and the content of total iridoid glycosides was used as tracking target. The abilities of absorption and anti-absorption of ten different types of macroreticular resin were compared, after being used to absorb the iridoid glycosides from aqueous extract of herbal L. rotata. The best purification process was optimized.

RESULTWith the optimized purification process, the content of total iridoid glycosides was 67.53%.

CONCLUSIONXDA-1 macroreticular resin has good ability of absorption and anti-absorption for iridoid glycosides and 50% ethanol was the best solvent for anti-absorption. The macroreticular resin could be reused.

Glycosides ; isolation & purification ; Iridoids ; isolation & purification ; Lamiaceae ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Resins, Synthetic ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

BACKGROUNDThe multidrug resistance (MDR) associated with the expression of the mdr1 gene and its product P-glycoprotein is a major factor in the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cell (HCC) patients treated with chemotherapy. Our study was to establish a stable HCC MDR cell line where a de novo acquisition of multidrug resistance specifically related to overexpression of a transgenic mdr1.

METHODSThe 4.5-kb mdr1 cDNA obtained from the plasmid pHaMDR1-1 was cloned into the PCI-neo mammalian expression vector, later was transferred by liposome to human hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2. Then the transfected HepG2 cells resisting G418 were clustered and cultured and the specific fragment of mdr1 cDNA, mRNA and the P-glycoprotein (Pgp) in these HepG2 cells were detected by PCR, RT-PCR and flow cytometry, respectively. The accumulation of the daunorubicin was determinated by flow cytometry simultaneously. The nude mice model of grafting tumour was established by injecting subcutaneously HepG2/mdr1 cells in the right axilla. When the tumour diameter reached 5 mm, adriamycin was injected into peritoneal cavity. The size and growth inhibition of tumour were evaluated.

RESULTSThe mdr1 expression vector was constructed successfully and the MDR HCC line HepG2/mdr1 developed. The PCR analysis showed that the specific fragment of mdr1 cDNA in HepG2/mdr1 cells, but not in the control group HepG2 cells. Furthermore, the content of the specific fragment of mdr1 mRNA and Pgp expression in HepG2/mdr1 cells were (59.7 +/- 7.9)% and (12.28 +/- 2.09)%, respectively, compared with (16.9 +/- 3.2)% and (3.07 +/- 1.06)% in HepG2 cells. In the nude mice HCC model, the tumour genes of both groups were identified. After ADM therapy, the mean size of HepG2 cell tumours was significantly smaller than HepG2/mdr1 cell tumours.

CONCLUSIONThe approach using the transfer of mdr1 cDNA may be applicable to the development of MDR hepatocarcinoma cell line, whose MDR mechanism is known. This would provide the experimental basis of MDR research.

ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Animals ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; drug therapy ; genetics ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Doxorubicin ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; genetics ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental ; drug therapy ; genetics ; pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Mitomycin ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ; methods

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship of sperm morphology with reproductive hormones in infertile men and the pathogenesis of teratozoospermia.

METHODSThis study included 90 infertile men aged 25 - 40 years. We measured their testis volumes using the Prader orchidometer, conducted routine semen analyses according to the WHO laboratory standard, and determined the concentrations of reproductive hormones and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) by chemiluminescence and the levels of free testosterone (FT) and bioavailable testosterone (BioT).

RESULTSAll the subjects showed normal sperm concentration. Based on the results of semen morphology analysis, the 90 infertile men were equally divided into groups 1 (morphologically normal sperm <4%), 2 (morphologically normal sperm > or = 4% and <10%), and 3 (morphologically normal sperm > or = 10%), with no significant differences in age among the three groups (P>0.05). The volumes of the left testis were (14.27 +/- 3.65) ml, (16.90 +/- 3.57) ml and (14.57 +/- 3.57) ml, respectively (P = 0.006 group 1 vs group 2, P = 0.741 group 1 vs group 3, P = 0.014 group 2 vs group 3), and those of the right testis were (14.60 +/- 3.70) ml, (16.60 +/- 3.35) ml and (14.67 +/- 3.54) ml, respectively (P = 0.050). There were no significant differences among the three groups in prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone, estradiol, total testosterone and SHBG, (P>0.05). The levels of serum FT were (0.25 +/- 0.07) nmol/L, (0.29 +/- 0.07) nmol/L and (0.31 +/- 0.13) nmol/L (P = 0.086 group 1 vs group 2, P= 0.010 group 1 vs group 3, P= 0.364 group 2 vs group 3), and those of BioT were (5.81 +/- 1.58) nmol/L, (6.78 +/- 1.55) nmol/L and (7.29 +/- 3.02) nmol/L, respectively (P = 0.086 group 1 vs group 2, P = 0.010 group 1 vs group 3, P = 0.364 group 2 vs group 3). The percentage of morphologically normal sperm was positively correlated with the levels of serum FT and BioT (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe higher the levels of serum FT and BioT, the higher the percentage of morphologically normal sperm, which suggests that serum FT and BioT might be involved in the pathogenesis of teratozoospermia.

Adult ; Estradiol ; blood ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; blood ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; blood ; physiopathology ; Luteinizing Hormone ; blood ; Male ; Prolactin ; blood ; Semen ; Semen Analysis ; Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin ; metabolism ; Sperm Count ; Spermatozoa ; abnormalities ; Testis ; Testosterone ; blood

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the combination chemotherapy of capecitabine (X) with fractionated administration of cisplatin (C) in Chinese patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC).

METHODS141 patients with AGC were enrolled between July 2002 and August 2004. All patients had measurable tumor according to the criteria of RECIST, Karnofsky performance status > or = 60, adequate bone marrow, renal and hepatic functions. Prior radiotherapy or adjuvant chemotherapy was not permitted. Patients received oral administration of capecitabine at a dose of 1000 mg/m(2) twice a day on D1-D14, and intravenous infusion of fractionated cisplatin at a dose of 20 mg/m(2)/day on D1-D5. The regimen was repeated every 3 weeks, totally for 6 cycles.

RESULTSOf the 141 evaluable patients, there were 104 men and 37 women, with a median age of 54 years (range, 23 - 80 years). Metastases before chemotherapy were detected in lymph nodes (46.8%), liver (40.4%), lung (5.7%) and other area (10.6%). The median treatment duration was 6 cycles (range, 3 - 6 cycles). The objective response rate (RR) was 36.2% (51/141). The median follow-up period was 17.5 months. The median time to progress (TTP) was 9.0 months, and the median overall survival (OS) was 12.0 months. The most common treatment-related adverse events (grade 3/4) were: hand-foot syndrome (HFS) (2.1%), leucopenia (0.7%), abnormal alanine transaminase elevation (2.8%). There was no treatment-related death.

CONCLUSIONCapecitabine combined with fractionated cisplatin is highly effective and well tolerated as a first-line treatment for advanced gastric cancer, with comparable results to 5-Fu plus cisplatin combination therapy.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Capecitabine ; Cisplatin ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Deoxycytidine ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; Female ; Fluorouracil ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foot Dermatoses ; chemically induced ; Hand Dermatoses ; chemically induced ; Humans ; Leukopenia ; chemically induced ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; secondary ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; secondary ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Remission Induction ; Stomach Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Survival Rate ; Vomiting ; chemically induced ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo assess the association of cytochrome P450 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with susceptibility to gout in ethnic Han males from coastal regions of Shandong province.

METHODSFour hundred and eighty male patients with gout and 480 healthy male controls were included. Genotyping was carried out with a custom Illumina GoldenGate Genotyping assay to detect SNP rs2275620 of CYP2C8 gene, SNP rs2070676 of CYP2E1 gene, SNP rs837395 of CYP4B1 gene, and SNP rs194150 of TBXAS1 gene. The association was assessed with chi-square test.

RESULTSNo significant difference has been found between the two groups in regard to the genotypic and allelic frequencies of the TT, AT, AA genotypes and A, T alleles of the SNP rs2275620 of the CYP2C8 gene (P=0.88; P=0.97), the CC, CG, GG genotypes and C,G alleles of SNP rs2070676 of the CYP2E1 gene (P=0.24; P=0.09), the TT, AT, AA genotypes and A, T alleles of SNP rs837395 of the CYP4B1 (P=0.88; P=0.97), and TT, AT, AA genotypes and the A,T alleles of SNP rs194150 of TBXAS1 gene (P=0.15; P=0.06).

CONCLUSIONThis study has identified no association of SNP loci rs2275620(A/T) of CYP2C8, rs2070676(C/G) of CYP2E1, rs837395(A/T) of CYP4B1 and rs194150(A/T) of TBXAS1 with gout in ethnic Han males from coastal regions in Shandong province. However, our result needs to be replicated in larger sets of patients collected from other regions and populations.

Adult ; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases ; genetics ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; ethnology ; genetics ; China ; ethnology ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8 ; genetics ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 ; genetics ; Disease Susceptibility ; Female ; Gout ; enzymology ; ethnology ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Thromboxane-A Synthase ; genetics

Objective To analyze the neck muscle activity during head flexion and explore the cause of muscle fatigue in human head and neck. Methods A musculoskeletal model of head neck complex was established based on AnyBody software platform, and the muscle strengths during head flexion were simulated according to the input data measured by Vicon motion capture system, which were validated with the literature data. Results The neck muscles played a major role during head flexion. The force assignment mode among muscles was different during 45% and 75% flexion process. The integral of muscle strengths on flexion angle WM could reflect the muscle fatigue to some extent. Since the largest WM was found in the semispinalis cervicis and multifidus muscles during head flexion, it may indicate that those muscles have the easy tendency to be fatigue. Conclusions The musculoskeletal model established in this paper can provide a technical support for the exploration of neck fatigue mechanism.

Objective To investigate the effect from helmet mass and deviation of mass center on neck muscle activity in military pilots. Methods Based on AnyBody software platform, a musculoskeletal model of head neck complex was established including C0, C1-C7, T1 and 136 muscles. Concentrated loads were applied to simulate the role of helmet. Strength from seven main muscle groups under different helmet mass, mass center and +Gz acceleration loads were simulated and calculated.Results When mass center of the helmet and the head coincided with each other, the muscle groups (such as semispinalis, levator scapulae, splenius capitis and cervicis) which took charge of extension were activated. Muscle strength increased with helmet mass linearly and +Gz acceleration loads would make this increase multiplied. Flexion muscle began to work when mass center of the helmet moved backward, so did the lateral bending muscles when mass center of helmet moved in the right-and-left direction. Conclusions Helmet mass and its center have an obvious influence on neck muscle activity in military pilots. The musculoskeletal model established in this paper can be used to calculate the change in muscle strength under different situations and conduct a quantitative analysis for helmet design and validation.

Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Humans ; Hypertension

Objective: To evaluate the effect of acteoside on learning, memory and neurotransmitter in SAMP8 mice. Methods: The 6-month-old rapidly aging SAMP8 mice were randomly divided into model group, namenda group, low-dose acteoside group(30 mg·kg^-1 ·d^-1), medium-dose acteoside group(60 mg·kg^-1 ·d^-1) and high-dose acteoside group(120 mg·kg^-1 ·d^-1) according to the digital table method, with 12 in each group.And 12 SAMR mice with the same age resistance were used as the control group.After 75 days of continuous intragastric administration, Morris water maze method and spontaneous activity experiment were used to investigate the effects of acteoside on learning, memory and anxiety of mice.The levels of neurotransmitters acetylcholine(ACh), serotonin(5-HT), norepinephrine(NE) and dopamine(DA) in mouse brain tissue(cortex and hippocampus) were detected by ELISA. Results: (1)In the Morris water maze test, compared with the model group, the acteoside significantly reduced the escape latency of SAMP8 mice in training period.(2)In the experiment of autonomic activity, compared with the model group, the average speed and total distance of the low-dose acteoside group were significantly increased(t=15.0, 20.8, both P<0.05); the number of vertical movements and the average speed of the medium-dose acteoside group were significantly increased(t=15.8, 13.6, both P<0.05). The average speed and total distance of the high-dose acteoside group were remarkarbly increased(t=30.9, 29.7, both P<0.05), and the number of defecations in the mice of the lav-dose acteoside group, medium-dose acteoside group, high-dose acteoside group were((2.83±1.19)particles, (3.25±1.29)particles, (2.58±1.16)particles), they were obviously lower than that of the model group ((5.25±1.48) particles)(t=15.7, 20.1, 13.5, all P<0.01). (3)Simultaneously, the contents of ACh, NE and DA in the hippocampus and cortex of the model group were significantly lower than those in the normal group (hippocampus: t=10.3, 12.7, 13.2, all P<0.05; cortex: t=11.7, 10.5, 12.4, all P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the contents of ACh, NE, DA and 5-HT in the hippocampus and cortex of the low, medium and high doses of acteoside were significantly increased(hippocampus: t=31.4, 20.3, 10.7, 12.9, all P<0.05; cortex: t=33.7, 29.4, 14.5, 12.7, all P<0.05). Conclusion The acteoside can enhance the ability of spatial learning and memory of SAMP8 mice, and can regulate the depression and anxiety of animals.The mechanism may be related to the ACh content and the monoamine neurotransmitters increase in the brain.