Objective To elucidate the relationship between Child-Pugh grading and the degree of hep- atic cirrhosis.Method Six patients each with hepatic cirrhosis in Child-Pugh grade A and B were selected.The livers were observed with gross examinations during operation,and the liver specimens were observed with gross ex- aminations and also checked with light and electron microscopies.Results With naked eyes,it was quite difficult to find differences in size,shape and between different Child-Pugh grades.With hght microscopy,hepatic fibrosis of Ⅰ-Ⅱ degrees was commomly seen in Child-Pugh grade A and necrosis of hepatic cells was slight,while fibrosis of Ⅲ-Ⅴ degrees was usually found in grade B and necrosis was severe.With electron microscopy the collagen fib- rils in Disse's spaces were white cloud-like in grade A,while they were band-like in grade B.Of swelling and de- generation of organellae of hepatic and Kupffer cells,they were worse in grade B than in grade A.Conclusion The parameters in Child-Pugh grading are not complex,but they can be used to evaluate the degree of lesions. There is a positive relationship between them.

This article analyzed the types and causes of clinical research misconduct including the definition and background.We then set up the research management system to control and prevent such misconduct behavior.Our strategy includes using various technical tools to actively carry out clinical research integrity related education and training program,establishing integrated control model,and clinical research misconduct handling mechanism to jointly cope with the problems,to promote a good atmosphere for clinical research and to establish the integrity of the research.Our goal is to promote the medical technology development and to improve the patient care.

Objective To supervise military training by application of clinical classification of fatigue fracture so as to decrease the occurrence and development of fatigue fracture. Methods From Feb.1999 to Feb.2002, the knowledge of clinical classification of fatigue fracture was applied in the military training in which it was essential to prevent and treat fatigue fracture. Results From 1999 to 2002, the incidence of fatigue fracture decreased year by year. Types Ⅱand Ⅲof fatigue fracture decreased significantly. Conclusion Clinical classification plays an important role in decreasing the occurrence and development of fatigue fracture.

r governments and mescal institutions in their prevention and control.

Objective To observe the intervention effect of BrainHQ visual training on depressive symptom in patients with post stroke depression.Methods Eighty patients with post stroke depression were divided into control group(n=40)and intervention group(n=40).The control group accepted routine drug therapy and conventional rehabilitation, while intervention group received BrainHQ visual training additionally.They were assessed with Hamilton depression scale(HAMD) before and 4 weeks after intervention.Results Before intervention the HAMD score between control group and intervention group(respectively(19.80±3.96), (18.43±2.94)) had no statistical difference (P＞0.05).After 4-week intervention, the HAMD score of intervention group(9.58±5.42) was significantly lower than that of control group (13.85±5.73)(P＜0.01).Before the intervention, depression level of two groups had no difference(P＞0.05).After 4-week intervention,the difference of depression level was statistically significant in two groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion BrainHQ visual training can improve depressive symptom in patients with post stroke depression.

ObjectiveTo observe the protective effects of extract gingko biloba (EGb) on the myocardium mitochondria of diabetic rats.Methods40 Sprague-Dauley rats were divided randomly into the normal control group, diabetic group and EGb treatment group. The morphologic changes of myocardium mitochondria were studied by electron microscope, and the activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and content of nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) in the myocardium mitochondria were assayed by spectophotometer respectively.ResultsThe expansion of mitochondria, shorten of mitochondrial crest were observed under transmission electron microscope in diabetic rats. The activities of SOD and SDH decreased, but that of NOS and the content of NO increased in the diabetic group compared with control group. In EGb treatment group, the morphological change was slight, the activities of SOD and SDH were increased as well as NOS and the content of NO, MDA decreased compared with the diabetic group.ConclusionEGb can protect myocardium mitochondria of experimentally diabetic rats from lesion of free radical and excessive NO, and enhance the activity of SDH, protect myocardium of diabetic rat consequently.

Objective:To study the bone-conductivity and absorbability of nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen(nHAC) composite implanted under the calvarial periosteum in rabbits.Methods:24 nHAC samples and 24 HA samples were prepaired in the shape of round disk with the diameter of 8 mm and thickness of 3 mm.nHAC samples were implanted under calvarial periosteum on the left side and HA samples on the right of 24 rabbits.The bone-conductivity and absorbability of the samples were examined by new bone height measuring and residual implant materia measuring 2,4,8 and 12 weeks after operation. Results:2,4,8 and 12 weeks after implantation new bone height(mm) in nHAC group was 0.54?0.09,0.72?0.12,1.83?0.14 and 2.63?0.07,that in HA group 0.13?0.11,0.31?0.12,1.23?0.05 and 1.75?0.14,respectively(P

Objective: To investigate the mediating effect of insomnia among mobile phone addiction, aggressive behaviors and self-perceived identity among university students. Methods: A total of 740 university students were sampled from five universities in Binjiang District, Hangzhou City using a cluster random sampling method. The mobile phone addiction, aggressive behaviors and self-perceived identity were assessed using the Mobile Phone Addiction Index Scale, the Athens Insomnia Scale, the Chinese college students' version of the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, and the Self-Perceived Identity Scale, and the mediating effect of insomnia among mobile phone addiction, aggressive behaviors and self-perceived identity was examined using Process macro program and Bootstrap method. Results: A total of 740 questionnaires were allocated, and 700 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 94.59%. The respondents included 221 men (31.57%) and 479 women (68.43%), and there were 607 respondents with a specialty of medicine (86.71%). There were 331 participants detected with mobile phone addiction (47.29%), 90 with aggressive behaviors (12.86%) and 289 with low-level self-perceived identity (41.29%), and the prevalence rates of mild, moderate, severe and extremely severe insomnia were 28.00%, 26.14%, 26.43% and 19.43% among respondents, respectively. Mobile phone addiction had a direct predictive effect on aggressive behaviors (β=0.301, P<0.001) and self-perceived identity (β=-0.129, P<0.001), and presented an indirect predictive effect on aggressive behaviors (effect of mobile phone addiction on insomnia: β=0.083, P<0.001; effect of insomnia on aggressive behaviors: β=0.999, P<0.001; effect of insomnia on self-perceived identity: β=-0.698, P<0.001). The contributions of mediating effects caused by insomnia were 21.61% and 31.02% to total effects. Conclusions Insomnia presents partial mediating effects among mobile phone addiction, aggressive behaviors and self-perceived identity among university students. Mobile phone addiction may directly affect aggressive behaviors and self-perceived identity, and indirectly affect aggressive behaviors and self-perceived identity via insomnia.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of the accessory breast cancer with breast cancer.Methods Five patients with accessory breast cancer were admitted,among of them,1 case with breast cancer,and their documents were retrospectively analyzed.Results Of the 5 cases,1 case underwent modified radical mastectomy,the other 4 cases underwent accessory breast enlarged resection and axillary lymph node dissection.They all received chemotherapy and radiotherapy and 1 case received tamoxifen therapy.Four cases were followed up for 2 years,there was no recurrence and metastasis,1 case was received CAP sequenced chemotherapy.Conclusions Accessory breast cancer is rare but aggressive.The diagnosis is mainly depended on imaging results and postoperative pathology.Combined therapy principle dominated by surgery should be followed.The operation of accessory breast enlarged resection and axillary lymph node dissection should be indicated.

Background and purpose:MiR-224 is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma, and participate in invasion and metastasis of cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of miR-224 antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) on the proliferation and apoptosis of Hep3B cells.Methods:After transfection with miR-224 ASO, and detecting the miR-224 mRNA expression of Hep3B cells by real-time quantitative PCR; the miR-224 expression in Hep3B cells was measured and cell proliferation was analyzed by MTT assay and the colony formation experimentin vitro andin vivo. The cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry.Results:Compared with the control group, miR-224 ASO significantly reduced the miR-224 mRNA expression in the Hep3B cell(P<0.05), MTT assay results showed that Hep3B cells survived rate decreased greatly after transfection with miR-224 ASO. Clone formation assay revealed that the colony formation rate in miR-224 ASO group was significantly lower than that in the control group.In vivo study further confirmed that miR-224 ASO could inhibit the proliferation of Hep3B cells,and miR-224 ASO group grew substantially slow compared with the negative control. Flow cytometry indicated that miR-224 ASO group promoted apoptosis significantly.Conclusion:miR-224 was overexpressed in Hep3B cells. Reducing the expression of miR-224 can effectively inhibit the growth of Hep3B cells and promote apoptosis. miR-224 may become a new target for the regulation of gene expression in hepatocellular carcinoma.