Enteral Nutrition ; Humans ; Infection Control ; methods ; Probiotics ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Stress Disorders, Traumatic ; immunology ; therapy

AIM:To investigate the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer ( RNFL ) thickness and the macular ganglion cell complex ( GCC ) thickness in primary open angle glaucoma ( POAG ) eyes and to compare them with normal control eyes, and to evaluate the diagnostic ability of peripapillary RNFL thickness and macular GCC thickness in POAG.
●METHODS:This was a cross-sectional study consisting of 56 POAG patients. The control group consisted of 60 normal subjects (60 eyes) were matched in terms of age, sex, diopter and axial length. The peripapillary RNFL thickness and the macular GCC thickness of POAG eyes and normal control eyes were measured and compared by RTVue-100 optical coherence tomography ( OCT ) . To assess the diagnostic utility of peripapillary RNFL thickness and macular GCC thickness in POAG, receiver operating characteristic curves ( ROC ) and areas under the ROC ( AUC) were used.
●RESULTS:The POAG eyes had a thinner peripapillary RNFL and macular GCC than the control eyes at all the regions ( P < 0. 001 ). Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that the peripapillary RNFL thickness and macular GCC thickness was significantly thinner in association with the POAG diagnosis. ROC and AUC analysis showed that the best AUC parameters were C/D (AUC=0. 936; 95% Cl=0. 903, 0. 964) and superior RNFL thickness (AUC=0. 910;95% Cl=0. 889, 9. 455). The AUC of nasal RNFL thickness, inferior RNFL thickness, temporal RNFL thickness, superior GCC thickness, inferior GCC thickness, and average GCC thickness were all above 0. 8 with a good diagnostic value.
●CONCLUSION:The peripapillary RNFL thickness and macular GCC thickness in POAG eyes are thinner than that of normal control eyes. Decreased peripapillary RNFL thickness and macular GCC thickness may be associated with POAG. The peripapillary RNFL thickness and macular GCC thickness have a good diagnostic value.

The conception of evidence-based medicine (EMB) has a strong influence on the medical world since it built up.This concept has been widely used in all sorts of clinic and basic medical research,however,it is little reported to be practised in our fundamental medical education.As for it,this article will briefly analyze the importance of introducing the idea into fundamental medical education,and for one thing,suggest some more reform measures for medical teaching staff.

A novel citrinin derivative, penicitrinol L (1), along with two known analogues, penidicitrinin B (2) and pennicitrinone A (3) were isolated from the marine-source fungus Penicillium citrinum. The structure of the new compound was elucidated by spectroscopic methods including one and two-dimensional NMR as well as high-resolution mass spectrometric analysis. Furthermore, compound 1 showed modest cytotoxic activity against HL-60 cell line and compound 3 showed weak cytotoxic activity against A375 cell line.
Antineoplastic Agents ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Citrinin ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Penicillium ; chemistry

The contents of coumarins in the sulfur fumigated Angelicae Dahuricae Radix (Baizhi, ADR) were reduced significantly. To achieve the quality control of ADR, the qualitative identification of sulfur fumigated ADR and quantitative model of imperatorin content should be established. The near-infrared (NIR) spectrograms of non-sulfur and sulfur fumigated ADR were collected by NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy technology and pretreated by the method of first derivative derivation and vector normalization. The Ward's Algorithm method was used for the cluster analysis. The non-sulfur and sulfur fumigated ADR can be quickly identified in the range of 8,806. 0-3 811.0 cm(-1) based on the cluster analysis. The NIR quantitative model of imperatorin was established by the contents of imperatorin determined by HPLC in combination with partial least squares regression analysis. According to the calibration model established in this study, correlation coefficients (R2), the root-mean-square error of cross-validation (RMSECV), and the root-mean-square error of prediction (RMSEP) for imperatorin were 0.982 8, 0.006 8, 0.011 8, respectively. The quantitative model of imperatorin can be applied to determine the content of imperatorin in ADR accurately.
Angelica ; chemistry ; classification ; China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; methods ; Sulfur ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of different polishing methods on surface roughness of pure titanium castings.

METHODS35 pure titanium castings were devided into 7 groups, used for control, mechanic polishing and electrolytic polishing, respectively. Surface roughness (Ra value) of each castings was measured with a profilometer. Surface microstructure was studied by a scaning electron microscopy, and the weight loss (Wt%) and height loss on unit area (H) before and after polishing was calculated.

RESULTSThe effects of mechanic polishing with aluminium oxide or chromium oxide were acceptable. Surface smoothness was improved with acid treatment followed by electrolytic polishing.

CONCLUSIONAluminium oxide and chromium oxide can be used in mechanic polishing of pure titanium castings, and improvement should be made on electrolytic polishing methods.

AIM: To explore the effect of different corneal incision size on change in tear function after phacoemulsification cataract surgery in type 2 diabetics.
●METHODS:One hundred and fifty patients with type 2 diabetes (150 eyes) from Jan. 2015 to Oct. 2015 in our hospital were enrolled. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. Seventy-five patients (75 eyes) in group A: coaxial 2. 2mm micro - incision phacoemulsification cataract extraction and intraocular lens (lOL) implantation; seventy-five patients (75 eyes) in group B:the conventional coaxial 3. 0mm small incision phacoemulsification cataract extraction and lOL implantation. The difference of demographic characteristics between two groups were insignificant. The ocular surface disease index ( OSDl ) , corneal sensation, break up time (BUT) and Schirmer′sltest(Slt) were examined preoperatively and 1wk, 1, 3 and 6mo postoperatively.
●RESULTS:At 1wk, 1 and 3mo postoperatively, the OSDl score in two groups increased and the OSDl score of group B was significantly higher than those of group A and the differences were statistically significant ( all P<0. 05 ) . The corneal sensation in two groups decreased after operations and the corneal sensation of group B was significantly lower than those of group A and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0. 05). The Slt in two groups decreased after operations and the Slt of group B was significantly lower than those of group A and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0. 05). At 1wk and 1mo postoperatively, the BUT in two groups decreased after operations and the BUT of group B was significantly lower than those of group A and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0. 05). At 6mo postoperatively, no significant change was found in the OSDl score, corneal sensation, BUT and S l t of group A compared with preoperatively (all P>0. 05). At 6mo postoperatively, the differences of OSDl score and corneal sensation in group B were statistically significant compared with preoperatively ( all P< 0. 05 ) while no significant change was found in the BUT and S l t of group B (all P>0. 05).
●CONCLUSION:Phacoemulsification surgery with 2. 2mm corneal micro-incision has less effect on change in tear function comparing to the 3. 0 mm incision control, which can be applied particularly in patients with type 2 diabetes.

AIM:To explore and compare effect of coaxial micro-incision phacoemulsification and standard coaxial phacoemulsification in the treatment of cataract.
METHODS:A total of 88 patients(88 eyes) with senile cataract who underwent selective cataract ultrasonic emulsification resorption combined with intraocular lens implantation in the hospital from Aug. 2013 and Aug. 2015 were selected, they were divided randomly into the control group ( 44 cases, 38 cases completed, 6 cases dropped out ) and the observation group ( 44 cases, 40 cases completed, 4 cases dropped out ) . The control group received standard coaxial 3. 0mm small incision phacoemulsification, the observation group received coaxial 1. 8mm micro-incision phacoemulsification. All patients were combined with intraocular lens implantation. Intraoperative effective ultrasonic time, cumulative release energy, best corrected visual acuity before and after surgery in the two groups were recorded, corneal endothelium cell population, incision corneal thickness, percentage of cornea hexagon cell, corneal astigmatism changes before the operation, 1d, 7d, 30d after the operation were compared.
RESULTS: There was no significant difference in intraoperative effective ultrasonic time, cumulative release energy in the two groups(P>0. 05). There was no significant difference in postoperative best corrected visual acuity between the two groups(P>0. 05). Corneal endothelium cell population, percentage of cornea hexagon cell 1d, 7d, 30d after the operation in the two groups were significantly decreased compared with those before the treatment ( P < 0. 05 ), but there was no significant difference in the two groups ( P > 0. 05 ). Incision corneal thickness 30d after the operation in the observation group was significantly lower than the control group(P<0. 05). Degree of corneal astigmatism in the observation group 1d, 7d, and 30d after the operation were significantly lower than the control group (P<0. 05).
CONCLUSION: Coaxial micro - incision phacoemulsification and standard coaxial phacoemulsification can improve visual acuity of cataract patients, but the former can reduce degree of corneal astigmatism.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a quantitative determination method for arecoline in Arecae Pericarpium. METHODS: The determination was performed on thermo-biobasic SCX column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) with mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-phosphoric acid solution (55;45). The flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1, the column temperature was 30°C, and the detection wavelength was 215 nm. RESULTS: The method had good linear relationship for arecoline hydrobromide in the range of 5.2-83.2 μg·mL-1 (r=0.9991). The average recovery (n=9) was 98.8% for arecoline hydrobromide. CONCLUSION: The method is simple, accurate and specific. It provides a reliable way for evaluating the quality of Arecae Pericarpium.

Objective: To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of five free anthraquinones (aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, and physcion), four bound anthraquinones (aloe-emodin-8-O-glucopyranoside, emodin-1-glucoside, chrysophanol-1-glucoside, and emodin-8-glucoside), gallic acid, and catechin in Rhei Radix et Rhizome. Methods: The analysis was achieved with a Symmetry C18 column by gradient elution of methanol-0.1% phosphoric acid in water at 30 ℃. The flow rate was 1 mL/min, and the detection wavelength was set at 254 nm. Results: The calibration curves of all eleven constituents showed good linearity (r ≥ 0.999 5) in a relatively wide concentration range. The linear ranges of gallic acid, catechin, aloe-emodin-8-O- glucopyranoside, emodin-1-O-glucoside, chrysophanol-1-O-glucoside, emodin-8-O-glucoside, aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, and physcion were 0.062 4-1.560 0, 0.180 0-4.500 0, 0.041 2-1.030 0, 0.030 6-0.765 0, 0.0510 0-1.275 0, 0.028 8-0.720 0, 0.019 8-0.495 0, 0.050 5-1.262 5, 0.063 7-1.592 5, 0.098 0-2.450 0, and 0.163 0-4.075 0 μg (r ≥ 0.999 5), respectively. The mean recovery of these eleven components was 95.37%-98.93%, RSD < 2.36%. Conclusion: This method is simple, accurate, and specific, and can be used for the determination of eleven constituents in Rhei Radix et Rhizome.