Objective To investigate the effect of head extension angle to glottis exposure by using three-dimensional CT reconstruction sagittal plane images of upper airway.Methods There were 80 patients,aged 7-78 years old,who had been scanned by helical CT in the head and neck.Reconstructed images were obtained by AW4.4 workstation and the following parameter was measured:angle α(A0 group),the angle created by the upper central incisor and root of epiglottis(angular vertex) and midpoint of glottis.Reconstructed images were printed according to the actual size of human body in a ratio of 1∶ 1,then the images were cut off from the upper central incisor to root of epiglottis by a section of arcs.Increasing the degree of angle α by clockwise to hypothetically increase the angle of head extension.The glottis was exposed by using a paper-made laryngoscope(Macintosh) model,and the success rate of glottis exposure was recorded when the degree of angle α was respectively increased 10°(A10 group),20°(A20 group),and 30°(A30 group).Results Compared with A0 group,the success rate of glottis exposure increased significantly in A10 group,A20 group and A30 group.The success rate of glottis exposure in A20 group and A30 group was significantly higher than A10 group.Compared with A20 group,the success rate of glottis exposure obviously increased in A30 group.Conclusion Based on CT reconstruction images of upper airway,we can analog study the effect of head extension angle to glottis exposure.

Objective To evaluate the short-term effect of CT-guided interstitial implantation of 125I seeds for metastatic lung carcinoma. Methods A total of 82 patients with 126 metastatic lung tumors were treated with CT-guided percutaneous interstitial implantation of 125I seeds at a dose of 80 Gy. Six months after the treatment, the change of tumor volume was observed by using CT scan. The patients were followed up for 2 years. Results The mean radioactive dose was (159.3?34.5) Gy, and the median dose was (118.6?33.2) Gy. Six months after the treatment, CT scan showed a CR of 25.4% (32/126), PR 64.3% (81/126), NC 6.3% (8/126), PD 4.0% (5/126), and CR+PR 89.7% (113/126). Twelve patients showed pneumothorax and 41 had hemoptysis. During the follow-up, 11 patients (6 cases of malignant fibrous histiotoma, 3 cases of lung cancer, 1 rectal carcinoma, and 1 liver carcinoma) died within 8-12 months after the surgery. Fifteen patients (4 cases of malignant fibrous histiotoma, 4 lung cancer, 4 ovarian cancer, 2 multiple myeloma, and 1 uterine leiomyosarcoma) died within 13-24 months after the implantation. The 1-and 2-year survival rates were 86.6% (71/82) and 68.3% (56/82) respectively. Conclusion CT-guided percutaneous interstitial implantation of 125I seeds is effective for lung metastatic carcinoma.

Objective To evaluate the short-term efficacy of interstitial implantation of 125I seeds by using flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope (FFB) guided by CT for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods A total of 185 patients with NSCLC, who were diagnosed clinically and pathologically, were enrolled into this study and divided into two groups. In 125I seeds group (n=121), the patients received interstitial implantation of 125I combined with NP regimen (NVB+DDP) chemotherapy with a prescribed dose (PD) of 80 Gy. Among the patients, the implantation was guided by CT in 89, and was performed directly under a FFB in 32. In control group (n=64), NP regimen (NVB+DDP) chemotherapy was used. Six months after the treatments, the tumor volume in the two groups was measured by using CT and FFB. The outcomes of the 2 groups were compared, and the efficacy of the treatments was evaluated according to the international standards. Results In the 125I seeds group, the mean radiation dose was 153.7 Gy, matched peripheral dose (MPD) was 89.6 Gy, and D90 was 93.5 Gy. Six months after the treatment, the effectiveness rate (CR+PR) was 95.0% (115/121), and 1-year survival rate was 0.90. In the control group, the effectiveness rate was 42.2% (27/64), and 1-year survival rate was 0.65. There existed significant difference between the two groups (log-rank test, ?2=5.12, Prob=0.04

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of non?invasive blood pressure monitoring in bilat?eral upper and lower extremities in lateral position in patients undergoing surgical procedures. Methods Forty patients of both sexes, aged 24-64 yr, BMI 20-27 kg∕m2 , of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical statusⅠ or Ⅱ, scheduled for elective neurosurgical procedures, were included in this study. Blood pressure of bilateral upper and lower extremities was monitored and recorded using appropriate cuffs. At 5 min after induction of anesthesia ( T0 ) , 10 min after the patients were turned to lateral position ( T1 ) , 30, 60 and 90 min after start of surgery ( T2-4 ) , and 10 min after the patients were turned to supine posi?tion ( T5 ) , non?invasive blood pressure was measured, and invasive blood pressure was recorded. Results Compared with the value measured on the healthy side, systolic blood pressure ( SBP ) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of upper extremities on the affected side were significantly decreased at T1-4, and SBP of lower extremities on the healthy side was significantly increased at T0-5 (P<0.05). SBP of upper extremities on the healthy side was increased by (23±9) mmHg when compared with that of upper extremi?ties on the affected side, and DBP increased by (23±8) mmHg. SBP of upper extremities was increased by (34±12) mmHg when compared with that of lower extremities on the healthy side in lateral position. Com?pared with SBP and DBP of lower extremities measured on the healthy side, no significant change was found in SBP and DBP of lower extremities on the affected side at T0-5 ( P>0.05) . There was no significant differ?ence between non?invasive SBP and invasive SBP of lower extremities on the healthy side, and between non?invasive DBP and invasive DBP of lower extremities on the healthy side (P>0.05). Conclusion For the patients undergoing surgical procedures, the blood pressure of upper extremities is higher on the healthy side than on the affected side when the patients are in lateral position, and there is no significant difference in the blood pressure between bilateral lower extremities; and there is no significant difference between non?invasive blood pressure and invasive blood pressure of lower extremities on the healthy side.

Two methods for the determination of platinum group elements were established based on neutron activation analysis (NAA) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) combined with fire assay preconcentration. Their analytical sensitivity,accuracy and applicability were discussed.The detection limits (ng/g)of NAA for Ru,Rh,Pd,Os,Ir and Pt are 0.5,0.5,0.3,0.1,0.01 and 0.2,respectively.whereas those of ICP-MS are 0.1 for Ru,0.05 for Rh,0.1 for Ir and 0.1 for Pt. Thus, both are complimentary for determination of platinum group elements. By the established methods the contents of platinum group elements in five geological reference materials were determined.

Child ; Humans ; Kartagener Syndrome ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Male

Objective To systematically evaluate the association between IL-6 gene rs1800796 polymorphism and febrile seizures(FS)susceptibility.Methods The related literatures on IL-6 gene rs1800796 polymorphism and febrile seizures(FS)susceptibility were retrieved from PubMed,Web of Science Embase,Cochrane Library,CNKI,WanFang,VIP and CBM Databases by computer.OR and its 95％CI were taken as the pooled effects.The RevMan 5.2 software was adopted to conduct the statistical analysis.The publication bias analysis was performed by using the STATA12.0 software.Results Seven independent case-control studies were included according to the inclusion and exclusion standard,involving 516 accumulated cases and 528 controls.The results showed that IL-6 gene rs1800796 polymorphism had a significant association with FS susceptibility in Chinese population(GG+CG vs.CC:OR=2.22,P=0.05;G vs.C:OR=2.44,P<0.01;GG vs.CC:OR=3.69,P=0.03;GG vs.CG+CC:OR=3.43,P<0.01).The subgroup analysis was conducted according to possible important confounding factors,and the results showed that this gene polymorphism had a significant association with FS susceptibility in Chinese population(GG+CG vs.CC:OR=3.32,P<0.01;G vs.C:OR=3.23,P<0.01;GG vs.CC:OR=7.27,P<0.01;GG vs.CG+CC:OR=5.17,P<0.01:CG vs.CC:OR=2.56,P=0.02).But in other populations,except recessive model(GG vs.CG+CC:OR=2.40,P<0.01),all other genetic models did not display obvious correlation.The subgroup analysis was conducted by FS diagnostic standard,and the results showed that this gene polymorphism had a significant correlation with infantile FS onset in diagnosing FS by the Chinese standard(GG+CG vs.CC:OR=4.57,P<0.01;G vs.C:OR=4.36,P<0.01;GG vs.CC:OR=12.75,P<0.01;GG vs.CG+CC:OR=8.60,P<0.01:CG vs.CC:OR=3.40,P<0.01).Conclusion IL-6 gene rs1800796 polymorphism may be associated with infantile FS susceptibility and allele G may be a risk factor for FS onset.

Objective To analyze the MRI features of rare intracranial germ cell tumors of the pineal region compared with pathologic findings.Methods The MRI and pathologic data of 32 patients with rare intracranial germ cell tumors of the pineal region were reviewed retrospectively.All cases were proved by surgery and pathological examinations.Results Fourteen teratomas with malignant transformations were cyst-solidary which were mixed signals on plain MRI and the solid components showed obvious enhancement.The adiposity signals could be seen in teratomas.The level of serum or CSF AFP was high.Microscopically,many tissue components could be seen.The signal of 6 yolk sac tumors were homogeneous,and they had great enhancement after enhanced scanning.Increasing of preoperative serum AFP level could be seen in all patients.The 5 embryonal carcinomas were well-defined margin masses and heterogeneous with cystoid variation and necrosis and moderate to severe edema.The solid components showed obvious enhance.The signals of 7 mixed germ cell tumors were atypical,which depended on the components of germ cell tumors.Conclusion The MRI findings of the rare intracranial germ cell tumors of the pineal region(teratomas with malignant transformations,yolk sac tumors endodermal sinus tumor,embryonal carcinomas and mixed germ cell tumors)show some feature which are correlated with pathology.Suggestive diagnosis could be made combined with clinical data and MRI features.

Objective To study the efficacy of tourniquet to block the distal of radial styloid on success rate of radial artery catheterization.Methods One hundred and forty ASA Ⅰ-Ⅲ patients, aged 22-88 years,undergoing general anesthesia and requiring radial artery catheterization were in-cluded in this study and were randomly allocated into touch positioning group (group A)or tourni-quet-assisted group (group B).Radial artery catheterization was conducted after induction of general anesthesia in two groups.The invasive systolic blood pressure (ISBP ), invasive diastolic blood pressure(IDBP)and HR of patients were recorded in group B at 1 min before ischemia (T1 ),using pressure pulse blocking after 1 min (T2 ),2 min (T3 ),5 min (T4 )and the complete release of tour-niquet after 1 min (T5 ),5 min (T6 )and 10 min (T7 ).The first and total success rate of radial artery puncture,puncture times,puncture duration and complications were recorded.Results The radial ar-tery diameter was not statistically significant in group B between before and after blocking radial artery .ISBP at T2-T4 in group B was significantly higher than that at T1 (P <0.05).The first time puncture success rate and overall success rate in group B was significantly higher than that of group A,The number of puncture in group B was significantly less than that of group A,and puncture time was significantly shorter in group A (P <0.05).Conclusion Tourniquet-assisted radial artery cathe-terization could improve success rate,decrease puncture times and shorten puncture duration.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of modified laryngeal mask airway combining fiberoptic bronchoscope intubation in difficult airways.Methods Forty patients,21 males and 1 9 females,aged 30-55 years,ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,scheduled for elective general anes-thesia surgery after failure to direct laryngoscope two attempts were randomly divided into two groups,20 cases in each group.Patients in group LMA-FOB underwent intubation with modified la-ryngeal mask airway combining fiberoptic bronchoscope,and patients in group FOB underwent intu-bation with fiberoptic bronchoscope.The fiberoptic bronchoscope score,the intubation time and the rate of successful intubation at first attempt were recorded.All the patients were followed up postop-eratively for adverse effects.Results The fiberoptic bronchoscope scores (Ⅰ/Ⅱ/Ⅲ/Ⅳ:1 5/4/1/0 vs. 8/4/5/3,P <0.05)and the rate of once successful intubation (90% vs.60%,P <0.05)was signifi-cantly higher,and the intubation time [(75 ± 20)s vs.(105 ± 25 )s,P < 0.05 ]was significantly shorter in group LMA-FOB than that in group FOB.In group LMA-FOB,one patient had blood stain in the LMA and one patient felt slight sore throat.There were no significant adverse effects in the two groups.Conclusion Modified Laryngeal mask airway combining fiberoptic bronchoscope intubation in difficult airways was effective to improve the grade of the view of the larynn and the success rate of intubation and shorten the intubation time.No significant adverse effect postoperatively was reported. It is relatively safe,effective and promising in patients with difficult airway.