Objective To investigate incidence and onset of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in elderly patients with hip fracture, and to evaluate the laboratory tests of plasma levels of D-Dimer, fibrinogen(FIB)and platelet(PLT) in diagnosing DVT. Methods From January, 2005 to December, 2006, 112 patients, 47 men and 65 women, aged 65 and over, were recruited into this study. Their mean age was 75.5 (range, 65 to 90) years. D-Dimer, FIB and PLT, as high specific fibrin degradation products, were detected via laboratory testing. The incidence, onset and distribution of DVT in these cases were observed. Univariate analysis was used to determine the associations between laboratory values and DVT. Influences of sex and type of hip fracture on the concentration of D-Dimer were studied as well. Results DVT was detected in 18 patients by means of B-mode ultrasonography and venography. The incidence rate of DVT in the elderly was 16. 1%. The onset of DVT took place between the second day and sixth day of hospitalization (average, 5.4 days), apparently earlier than the time of surgery (11. 6 days). Serum D-Dimer level was found significantly higher in the DVT group (P ＜ 0. 05) whereas levels of plasma FIB and PLT showed no significant influence on DVT(P ＞ 0. 05) . The D-Dirmer level was strongly influenced by type of fracture but not by sex.Conclusions Elderly patients with hip fracture have a high incidence of DVT. Since the onset of DVT usually happens before surgery, emergent operation is strongly indicated. A normal level of serum D-Dimer may be clinically significant in excluding the onset of DWT, but a simple rise in plasma D-Dimer level may not indicate DWT. The plasma levels of FIB and PLT may have no clinical significance in diagnosing DVT.D-Dimer level is not associated with sex of patients but with type of fracture.

Objective To present a self-designed self-guided driver for clinical removal of cannulated screws. Methods The diameter of the selfguided rod is 2.8 mm and its length is 50 mm.The hexagonal driver head is 4 mm in height,2 mm in width and 5 mm in length.The other parts are similar to those of a solid driver.We then tested the stabilization of the selfdesigned driver by measuring the lateral load and displacement in 5 different experimental groups.Next we put it into use in the 26 patients who had been treated in our department from July 2008 to July 2009.They had been divided into 2 groups randomly.In the self-guided group,there were 9 males and 4 females,with an average age of 36 years and an interval of 30 months after the first operation.In the solid driver group.there were 7 males and 6 females.with an average age of 43 years and an interval of 21 months after the first operation. Results The mechanical tests revealed that the instrument designed by us was stable and could prevent lateral displacement.In clinic.the 39 screws were removed saccessfully in the self-guide driver group.The mean surgical time and incision in the self-guided driver group were significantly less and smaller than in the solid driver group.Conclnsions The self-guided driver is as stiff as a common solid driver and as stable as a cannulated driver.It can reduce the likelihood of screw invalidation which may make the operation very difficult and timeconsuming.It is a simple,timesaving,and less traumatic instrument,especially fit for removal of cannulated screws of the femoral neck.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of early total care (ETC) for treatment of unstable pelvic fractures.Methods This retrospective case series study included eighteen patients with unstable pelvic fractures treated surgically from May 2013 to May 2015.There were 11 male and 7 female patients,aged (45.1 ± 13.1)years.Eleven patients were injured due to road traffic accidents and 7 due to fall from height.Tile B type pelvic fractures were seen in 8 patients and Tile C type in 10 patients.All patients were treated with ETC method and received open reduction and internal fixation within 24 to 48 hours after the primary treatment.Data were collected,such as operation time,intraoperative blood loss,hospital length of stay and perioperative complications.Majeed score and EuroQol 5 dimension (EQ-5D) were used for evaluation of clinical outcome and quality of life respectively.Excellent and good rate of operation was assessed using the Matta clinical evaluation standard.Results Three patients died and fifteen patients survived.Operation time was (120.1 ± 22.2)minutes,amount of intraoperative blood loss was (355.9 ± 56.4) ml,and hospitalization was (8.5 ± 1.6) days.Incidence of perioperative complications was 56％,including 3 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome,1 pneumonia,2 acute lung injury,1 incisional wound infection,2 multiple organ failure and 1 diffuse intravascular coagulation.All patients were followed up for (15.1 ±2.4)months (range,12-21 months).Majeed score was decreased from preoperative (93.7 ± 6.1) points to final follow-up of (74.1 ± 9.2) points,and the EQ-5D index was decreased from preoperative 0.96 ± 0.04 to final follow-up of 0.74 ± 0.19 (both P ＜ 0.05).Excellent and good rate of operation was 80％.Conclusions ECT provides satisfactory short-term outcome for treatment of unstable pelvic fractures,but the incidence of complications is high.Doctors should choose reasonable treatment plan according to the surgical indications.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of correction of posttraumatic flexion contracture of knee(FCK) using Ilizarov technique.MethodsSix male patients with posttraumatic FCK,aging from 9 to 43 years(mean,24.5 years),treated by using Ilizarov technique from January 2006 to December 2010,were retrospectively analyzed.The preoperative flexion deformity of knee ranged from 35° to 85° (mean,47.6°),and the range of motion ranged from 0° to 70° (mean,15.8°).Among them,five patients had old fracture of knee joint combined with equinus foot deformity (deformity ranging from 25° to 37°,with an average of 31.8°); one patient had femoral supracondylar fracture.We used circular external fixator to correct the FCK and equinus foot deformity gradually,the knee arthrodesis operation was performed in 4 patients because of the damaged hone structure and poor soft tissue condition.ResultsAll patients were followed up for 12-22 months(mean,18 months).The flexion of knee joint was recoverd from preoperative 47.67°±18.63° to postoperative 9.33°±3.50°.Plantar flexion of ankle joint in five equinus foot deformity was recovered from preoperative 31.80°±4.65° to postoperative 3.00°±4.47°.The kuee joint was arthrodesised successfully in 4 patients and the other 2 patients got 30° and 75° ROM.All the patients can walk with a cane,and satisfied with the result of treatment.Pin-site infection was found in 4 patients and was controlled within two weeks.ConclusionIlizarov technique is an effective treatment method for posttraumatic FCK.Knee arthrodesis should be performed when patients had damaged bone structure and poor soft tissue condition.

Objective:To discuss the result of treating valgus or varus knee deformity with fixator assist nailing (FAN)technique and distal femur osteotomy(DFO).Methods:In this retrospective study,14 patients with 17 limbs,12 valgus and 5 varus knee deformity were treated with DFO and FAN.The aver-age age of the patients was 23 (17-44)years .The unilateral external fixator was mounted on the lateral side of femur,the minimal invasive distal femoral osteotomy was performed.After the deformity was cor-rected,the intramedully nail was inserted to fix the femur.None of the patients need bone autograft.The preoperation and postoperation lateral distal femur angle (LDFA ),mechanical axis deviation (MAD ) and range of motion (ROM)were measured and analyzed.Results:All the 14 patients were followed-up for 12 -72 months (average 34 months).The osteotomy site united in 3 -5 months (average 3.5 months)post-operatively.According to Paley’s functional scores,12 patients were excellent,2 patients were good.We achieved desired postoperative MAD (from medial 15 mm to lateral 10 mm)in 15 limbs of 12 patients.The LDFA in 1 1 limbs was corrected to normal (84°-90°).The ROM was not signifi-cantly changed before and after operation in the both groups.No infection or neuro-vascular injury oc-curred.Conclusion:The FAN technique is an effective method to treat valgus knee or varus knee de-formity in young patients with DFO.

Objective To present study was to investigate the effects of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7)on the proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells.Methods Human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells was cultured,and plasmid pIRES2-ZsGreen1-IGFBP7 or empty plasmid was transfected into HepG2 cells and the cell transfection efficiency was examined by fluores-cence microscopy;MTT was performed to evaluate the effect of IGFBP7 on proliferation and apoptosis of HepG2 cells in 48 hours after transfection.Results IGFBP7 transfected group decreased cell proliferation noticeably.Conclusions Overexpression of IGFBP7 can down-regulte the proliferation of human hepatocel-lular carcinoma HepG2 cells.

Objective:To investigate the management of pelvic injury associated with complete anterior sacroiliac joint dislocation.Methods:In the study, 6 cases of pelvic injury associated with complete an-terior sacroiliac joint dislocation treated in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from February 2008 to June 2014 were analyzed.We described the history and severity of injury, emergency treatment, and fracture radio-logy.In all the cases, the surgical treatment and postoperative functional exercise were performed.We followed up all the cases on an average of 1.6 years, assessed the postoperative recovery and summed up the treatment experience.Results:All the 6 patients with fractures recovered without infection and nerve symptoms after surgery.Their X-rays showed good reduction of sacroiliac joints.All the cases were followed up on an average of 1.6 years.Six months after surgery, the Majeed scores were perfect in 2 cases, good in 2, fair in 1, and poor in 1.The patients with poor scores suffered persistent pain, and decreased physical activity, and when walking long distances, they needed a walking stick.The 2 patients with low scores could not resume the original work.Conclusion:Pelvic injury associated with complete anterior sacroiliac joint dislocation is a special type of the pelvic injury since the managements during the emergency phase are difficult.The surgery should be done as early as possible, and the anterior approach is available for the reduction and fixation.

Objective To evaluate the effect of fixator-assisted nailing (FAN) technique for the treatment of femoral deformity,nonunion of femoral shaft fracture with deformity and malunion.Methods The data of 8 patients with nonunion of femoral shaft fracture with deformity,3 patients with femoral deformity caused by Rickets disease and 2 patients with femoral fracture malunion who received treatment FAN technique was retrospectively analyzed.There were 11 males and 2 females,with an average age of 33 years (range,16-50 years).One-stage operation was used in 10 patients:after the fracture was distracted and reduced with external fixator,an intramedullary nail was used for final fixation.Two-stage strategy was used in 3 patients.Unilateral external fixator was used in 12 patients,ring fixator was used in 1 patient.Femoral intramedullary nailing was used in 8 patients,retro-femoral intramedullary nailing was used in 5 patients; autograft from callus of fracture site was used in 1 patient.Results The 12 patients were followed up for 12-48months with an average of 21 months.The fractures of 7 patients united 3-6 months (average,3.9 months)later after the operation.The osteotomy site of 5 patients united 3-5 months (average,3.5 months) later after the operation.The results were evaluated according to the Paley classification of functional results.There were 9 cases rated as excellent,2 as good and 1 as fair.The lower leg discrepancy (LLD) before and after operation was (48.2±23.0) mm and (27.3±24.6) mm,individually; the length of limb increased 4.6-41.0 mm (average,23.3 mm).The pre-and post-operative MAD was (27.5±24.4) mm and (6.3±8.3) mm.There was no neurovascular injury or infection occurred in any of the patients.All the patients were satisfied with the result of treatment.Conclusion FAN technique combines the accuracy,minimal invasiveness and safety of external fixation together with patient compliance of IM nail.It is an effective method to manage nonunion of femoral shaft fracture with deformity,malunion of femur,and femoral deformity cause by rickets.

Objective To evaluate the effect of a bone transport method using unilateral external fixator in treatment of partial bone defect.Methods Three patients with partial bone defect were reviewed,including 2 males and 1 female,and whose ages were 50,50,and 24 years,respectively.The defects were at medial part of the left proximal tibia in 2 cases.In the first case,the defect was 5 cm in length,1/3-2/3 of transverse diameter in width,with a 5 cm×3 cm skin loss.In the second case,the defect was 6 cm in length and 3 cm in width.For the remaining patient,the bone defect was located in lateral part of the right femur,which was 13 cm in length,1/3-2/3 of transverse diameter in width,with a 15 cm×7 cm scar on it.After debridement of the wound,the Orthofix's limb reconstruction external fixation system was mounted medially,initially with 2-3 HA coated screws in the middle clamp to anchor the near cortex of the segment to be transferred.A partial corticotomy was performed with multiple drill hole technique.The gradual segment transport was started 2 weeks after the operation at a rate of 1 mm/d,4 times/d.Results The follow-up time was 14,28 and 24 months,respectively.The external fixator was removed 8 and 6 months after the osteotomy in 2 patients,when radiographs demonstrated bony union of the docking site as well as mature consolidation of the generated callus.The range of motion of hip,knee,ankle on the injured side was similar to the uninjured side.The segment was unable to be transported successfully in the femur,because the compressiondistraction device was misused.Two months after the first operation,the osteotomy was performed at the same site for the second time.The frame was removed at 10 months after the second osteotomy when the new bone formed well and the fracture healed at the docking site.The patient was able to stand independently and walk with a stick at 17 months after the osteotomy.At the latest follow-up,there was no sign of osteomyelitis.Conclusion Bone transport method using unilateral external fixator is a practical option to treat partial bone defect.In addition to shorten the period with fixator,it can avoid malunion and donor injury.