In order to study the rural elderly chronic patient's seeking healthcare behavior and its influencing factors, the paper uses the 2011 national baseline survey data of the “China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study ( CHARLS)” and the Multinomial Logit model to conduct an empirical analysis .The study results show that:( 1 ) The rural elderly chronic patients are more likely to choose the county-level and above hospitals and village clin-ics instead of the township health centers .(2) The obvious influencing factors in the healthcare seeking behavior in-clude age , educational background , household per capita annual income , chronic disease severity , self-rated health and region.Therefore, the present study suggests that the treatment of chronic diseases does not transfer to the town -ship health centers .The township health centers should improve their chronic medical service abilities , and actively strengthen their functions in chronic diseases prevention and treatment .