Objective To study the relationship between plasma free fatty acids composition and the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) .Methods By the design of case‐control study ,105 patients with NAFLD as cases and 110 healthy peo‐ple as controls were enrolled into the study .Plasma free fatty acid levels were determined by gas chromatography .Results High level of plasma palmitic acid(C16 :0)(OR=1 .769) was the risk factors of NAFLD ,while plasma levels of linoleic acid(C18 :2 n‐6) (OR=0 .855) and arachidonic acid(C20 :4 n‐6)(OR=0 .181)were negatively associated with the incidence of NAFLD .Conclusion These findings suggest that a proper ratio of diet fatty acids intake may reduce the risk of NAFLD .

Objective To investigate the risk factors of postmenopausal osteoporosis ( PMOP) in Chongqing region,and provide the theoretical basis for osteoporosis prevention and treatment. Methods A hospital-based case-control study was conducted and standardized questionnaire was applied in this project. All patients were informed of the purpose of this study and signed an informed consent form. The protocol and consent form were approved by the Ethics Committee of Third Military Medical University. Non-conditional logistic model was used to estimate the association between risk factors and PMOP. Results After adjustment for some potential confounding factors,multivariate non-conditional logistic regression analysis indicated that family history of hip fracture ( OR = 8. 567,95% CI 3. 463 to 12. 620) ,lower body mass index ( OR = 3. 081,95% CI 1. 344 to 5. 632) ,and parities ( OR = 2. 539,95% CI 1. 263 to 4. 175) were significantly positive correlated with the incidence of PMOP. However,frequently exercise ( OR = 0. 276,95% CI 0. 152 to 0. 730) ,tea drinking ( OR =0. 354,95%CI 0. 209 to 0. 764) and older at menopause ( OR =0. 621,95%CI 0. 327 to 0. 942) were significantly negative correlated with it. Conclusion Family history of hip fracture,lower body mass index and higher parities are the risk factors of PMOP in Chongqing region. Besides,frequent exercise,tea drinking and proper endogenous estrogen level are the protective factors.

The effects of black rice anthocyanidins (BRACs) on retinal damage induced by photochemical stress are not well known. In the present study, Sprague-Dawley rats were fed AIN-93M for 1 week, after which 80 rats were randomly divided into two groups and treated with (n = 40) or without BRACs (n = 40) for 15 days, respectively. After treatment, both groups were exposed to fluorescent light (3,000 +/- 200 lux; 25degrees C), and the protective effect of dietary BRACs were evaluated afterwards. Our results showed that dietary BRACs effectively prevented retinal photochemical damage and inhibited the retinal cells apoptosis induced by fluorescent light (p < 0.05). Moreover, dietary BRACs inhibited expression of AP-1 (c-fos/c-jun subunits), up-regulated NF-kappaB (p65) expression and phosphorylation of IkappaB-alpha, and decreased Caspase-1 expression (p < 0.05). These results suggest that BRACs improve retinal damage produced by photochemical stress in rats via AP-1/NF-kappaB/Caspase-1 apoptotic mechanisms.
Animal Feed/analysis ; Animals ; Anthocyanins/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Antioxidants/administration & dosage/*physiology ; Blotting, Western ; Caspase 1/*genetics/metabolism ; Diet ; Dietary Supplements/analysis ; I-kappa B Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; NF-kappa B/*genetics/metabolism ; Neoplasm Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Nucleocytoplasmic Transport Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Oryza sativa/chemistry ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/genetics/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Retinal Diseases/etiology/*prevention & control ; Signal Transduction/*drug effects/radiation effects ; Transcription Factor AP-1/*genetics/metabolism

Objective To summarize our experience on the food safety for residents and disaster relief workers in Li county after Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan province.Methods A comprehensive survey was conducted to assess the current food hygiene status.According to the survey results,we had integrated the local forces and strengthened the food hygiene surveillance and quality detection focusing on the crucial procedures.Besides,effective health educations were applied to advocate the rational dietary after earthquake.Results There was no any food safety incident in the county,and the hygiene awareness of local residents has been improved.Conclusion Powerful organization,focused management and multi-collaboration are the important elements to accomplish the food safety control after earthquake.

Objective To investigate the serum levels of vitamins and antioxidative indexes as well as theircorrelations with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD),and to analyze the influence of different detection methods on same index detection result.Methods Eighty NAFLD patients diagnosed by ultrasound were chosen for detecting the indexes,including the levels of serum RBP,vitamin A (VA),vitamin D (VD,ELISA and enzyme donor competition method),vitamin E (VE),vitamin B12 (VB12),and antioxidative indexes,including malondialdehyde (MDA),superoxide dismutase (SOD,pyrogallol substrate method and WST-1 method) and reduced glutathione (GSH).Results Compared with the normal reference values,the deficiency rate of serum RBP,VA,VD,VE and SOD in NAFLD patients were 11.6％,38.4％,7.9％,86.0％ and 27.9％ respectively.The serum GSH level in the NAFLD group was lower than that in the healthy control group (P＜0.01).Detecting serum VD and SOD by different detection method found that the difference among different detection methods had statistical significance (P＜0.01).Conclusion The levels of serum VA,VE,GSH and SOD in NAFLD patients are significantly reduced.These detection indicators have the important significance for clinical diagnosis of NAFLD.

Objective To construct a model of Fat-1/APPPS1 transgenic mice and a cellular model of microglia and explore the improvement effect and underlying mechanism of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(n-3 PUFAs)on the learning and memory abilities of APPPS1 mice by regulating microglial activation and polarization.Methods After the male mice with heterozygous Fat-1 genotype were mated with the female ones with heterozygous APPPS1 genotype,genetic identification was used to screen the male offspring with Fat-1/APPPS1 genotype.Then after the male wild-type(WT)mice and those with Fat-1,Fat-1/APPPS1,and APPPS1 genotypes were bred until 9 months old,their learning and memory abilities were evaluated with Morris water maze(MWM)test.In addition,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)was performed to detect the concentration of PUFAs in the brain,and immunohistochemistry(IHC)was applied to detect the deposition of β-amyloid protein(Aβ)in the hippocampal regions.Moreover,immunofluorescence assay,qRT-PCR,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA)were conducted to measure inflammation,and transcription and expression of Iba-1(indicating the microglial activation)and CD86 and CD206(indicating microglial polarization)in central nervous system(CNS).After pretreated with DHA+EPA(25 pmol/mL∶25 μmol/mL),microglial model of inflammatory injury was established in immortalized mouse BV2 cells induced by LPS(1 μg/mL).Afterwards,immunofluorescence assay,qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect inflammation and microglial activation and polarization.Results Compared with the APPPS1 mice,endogenous n-3 PUFAs effectively improved the learning and memory disorders in Fat-1/APPPS1 ones(P＜0.05),remarkably alleviated Aβ deposition in the hippocampal regions(P＜0.05),evidently reduced CNS inflammation and microglial activation(P＜0.05)and transformed the activated microglia from M1 to M2(P＜0.05).Furthermore,BV2 cells with DHA+EPA pretreatment obviously resisted LPS-induced cellular inflammation and induced activated ones from M1 to M2(P＜0.05).Conclusion n-3 PUFAs inhibit the microglial activation,regulate the microglial polarization from M1 to M2,reduce CNS inflammation,and thus alleviate learning and memory disorders in APPPS1 mice.

Objective To explore the effect of chenodeoxycholic acid(CDCA)on the expression of glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)in the intestine of mice induced by high-fat diet(HFD)through farnesoid X receptor(FXR),and investigate the related mechanism.Methods Forty C57BL/6 mice were divided into control group,HFD group,HFD+CDCA group,HFD+Z-Gug(FXR antagonist)group,and HFD+CDCA+Z-Gug group,with 8 animals in each group.During intervention for 8 weeks,body weight and 24-hour food intake were measured every week.At the 8th week,oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test(IPGTT)were conducted.After the mice were sacrificed,the serum levels of GLu,TG,CHO,LDL-C and HDL-C were detected;the expression levels of GLP-1 and FXR in intestinal tissues were detected by immunofluorescence assay;and the mRNA levels of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β,Gcg and FXR were detected by RT-qPCR;the serum level of GLP-1 was detected by ELISA,and the proportion of intraepithelial lymphocytes(IELs)subsets and the expression of CD26/DPP4 were detected by flow cytometry.Results Compared with the control group,the HFD group had increased body weight,abnormal serum glucose and lipid metabolism,impaired oral glucose tolerance,and weakened secretion of gastrointestinal hormones(P＜0.05),enhanced FXR expression at mRNA and protein levels,declined Gcg mRNA level and GLP-1 secretion level(P＜0.05),increased mRNA levels of intestinal inflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β(P＜0.05),raised proportions of TCRαβ+IELs,TCRαβ+CD8αα+IELs,and TCRαβ+CD8αβ+IELs but reduced proportion of TCRγδ+IELs,and increased total CD26/DPP4 expression in IELs(P＜0.05).Compared with the HFD group,HFD+CDCA treatment resulted in significantly increased body weight,impaired oral glucose tolerance,decreased secretion of gastrointestinal hormones,increased FXR mRNA and protein expression,and decreased Gcg mRNA expression and GLP-1 secretion(P＜0.05);decreased proportions of TCRαβ+IELs,TCRαβ+CD8αα+IELs and TCRααβ+CD8αβ+IELs but increased proportion of TCRγδ+ cells in IELs,and increased expression of total CD26/DPP4 in IELs(P＜0.05),which were significantly improved after Z-Gug intervention(P＜0.05).Conclusion CDCA may inhibit the expression and secretion of GLP-1 in intestinal tissue by activating FXR,and reduce the secretion of GLP-1.At the same time,CDCA may inhibit the expression of related inflammatory factors,regulate the proportions of IELs subsets,up-regulate the expression level of CD26/DPP4,promote the degradation of GLP-1 and aggravate insulin resistance.