The amount of labelled glucose incorporated into glycogen is 6 times as much as that of labelled mannose by the female worms. They excreted lactate of labelled glucose-origin 3-4 times as much as that of labelled mannose-origin. The amount of labelled glucose incorprated in worm bodies is about 3 times as much as that of labelled mannose. Male worms absorbed a half amount of glucose by female worms. Paralelled with radioactivity studies mentioned above, chemical determinations of sugars, lactate, and glycogen were performed on the media prior and posterior to incubation and the worms. The results obtained from chemical determinations fairly agreed with those on lactate production and sugar consumption from radioactivity studies, but not on glycogen content of worms after incubation. Chemical determination shows no glycogen synthesis in worms incubated in mannose media while the radioactivity of labelled mannose was detected, though it is very low in activity, from glycogen of worms in the media. Coupled with previously reported findings, results from the present study show mannose to be far less significant in the carbohydrate metabolism of Angiostrongylus cantonensis as compared with glucose.
parasitology-helminth-nematode ; lactate ; glucose ; mannose ; glycogen ; biochemistry ; Angiostrongylus cantonensis

Phellinus genus belonged to Hymenochaetaceae of Basidiomycetes and has been well known as one of the most popular medicinal mushrooms due to high antitumor activity. This study was carried out to obtain the basic information for mycelial culture conditions of Phellinus linteus, P. baumii, and P. gilvus. According to colony diameter and mycelial density, the media for suitable mycelial growth of them were shown in MEA, glucose peptone, and MCM. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth was 30degrees C. Carbon and nitrogen sources were mannose and malt extract, respectively. The optimum C/N ratio was 10 : 1 to 5 : 1 with 2% glucose concentration, vitamin was thiamine-HCl, organic acid was succinic acid, and mineral salt was MgSO4.7H2O.
Agaricales ; Basidiomycota ; Carbon ; Glucose ; Mannose ; Nitrogen ; Peptones ; Succinic Acid ; Vitamins

In order to provide a foundation for the development and application of Ophiocordyceps gracilis and increase the new resources of cordyceps,an asexual Paraisaria dubia was isolated from an O. gracilis fruit body. After 10 days of liquid fermentation,white globular mycelium and clear transparent fermentation were produced. The mycelium was extracted by hot water and precipitated with ethanol to obtain intracellular crude polysaccharide. The protein was deproteinized to obtain deproteinized polysaccharide. The intracellular pure polysaccharide was purified by Sepharose 4 B column chromatography and were analyzed by UV,IR,1 H-NMR,and13 CNMR data,as well as GC and HPLC. The results showed that the intracellular polysaccharide of P. dubia was composed of glucose,galactose and mannose with a molar ratio of 25. 54 ∶2 ∶1. It was a β-configuration glycosylic bond,containing pyranoside. The initial connection of polysaccharide was β(1→2)(1→4)(1→6) connection. This experiment provides a theoretical basis for the development and application of P. dubia.
Fungal Polysaccharides ; chemistry ; Galactose ; Glucose ; Hypocreales ; chemistry ; Mannose ; Mycelium ; chemistry

OBJECTIVES: To examine the serum levels of degraded monosaccharides in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) and to study the clinical significance of degraded monosaccharides in HSP. METHODS: A prospective analysis was performed on 132 children who were diagnosed with HSP from September 2019 to January 2022, and 132 healthy children were enrolled as the control group. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the content of degraded monosaccharides in serum in both groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the efficiency of degraded monosaccharides for the diagnosis of HSP. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the HSP group had significantly higher serum levels of mannose, glucosamine, aminogalactose, and galactose (P<0.001). The four degraded monosaccharides had an area under the ROC curve of 0.919, 0.913, 0.832, and 0.932 respectively for the diagnosis of HSP (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Children with HSP have higher serum levels of mannose, glucosamine, aminogalactose, and galactose than the healthy population. The levels of degraded monosaccharides may have an important value for the diagnosis of HSP.
Child ; Galactose ; Glucosamine ; Humans ; IgA Vasculitis ; Mannose ; Monosaccharides

BACKGROUND: Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a serum protein of innate immunity. Its genetic mutations lead to deficiency of serum MBL and recurrent pyogenic infection in childhood. However, little is known about the frequency of its gene mutations or serum levels in Korean population and patients with cancers. METHODS: We studied the mutational genotypes of MBL exon 1 codon 52, 54, and 57 or serum MBL levels from 102 normal adults and 228 cases of breast, stomach, colon, uterine cervical, and lung cancers by allele-specific PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: MBL gene mutations were found in 32 of 102 normal adults (31.4%), and were restricted only to exon 1 codon 54 showing homozygous (n=5, 4.9%) or heterozygous mutations (n=27, 26.5%). Mean and median serum MBL in the patients with cancers were increased (2,647+/-1,742 and 2,915 ng/mL, mean+/-S.D. and median) than those of normal adults (1,906+/-1,359 and 1,758 ng/mL). Serum MBL level was significantly increased in the patients with stomach, uterine cervical, colon, and lung cancers. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that the frequency and pattern of MBL gene mutations and its serum level is very similar among northeastern Asian populations. In addition, MBL might be involved in an immunologic response against common cancers, although further studies are needed.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Breast ; Codon ; Colon ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Exons ; Genotype ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Lung Neoplasms ; Mannose ; Mannose-Binding Lectin* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Stomach

Polymeric micelles have exhibited attractive properties as drug carriers, such as high stability in vivo and good biocompatibility, and been successfully used to dissolve various drugs of poor aqueous solubilities. In this study, we developed a new type of polymeric micelles with mannose-mediated targeting and pH-responsive drug release properties for anticancer drug delivery. The polymeric micelles were prepared from an amphiphilic polymer, poly (glycidyl methacrylate)-g-mannose (PGMA-Mannose). An anticancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX), was encapsulated into the micelles during the micellization, and could be released rapidly under acidic condition. The specificity of cellular uptake of the micelles by two different cell lines was studied using confocal laser scanning microscopy and the MTT assay. DOX-loaded micelles were efficiently trapped by mannose-receptor-overexpressing cancer cells MDA-MB-231, whereas mannose- receptor-poor cells HEK293 showed much lower endocytosis towards the micelles under the same conditions. Thus, DOX-loaded micelles displayed higher cytotoxicity to MDA-MB-231 cancer cells as compared with free DOX. The present study demonstrates that PGMA-Mannose micelles are a promising targeted drug delivery system for cancer therapy.
Cell Line, Tumor ; Doxorubicin ; pharmacology ; Drug Delivery Systems ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Lectins, C-Type ; metabolism ; Mannose ; chemistry ; Mannose-Binding Lectins ; metabolism ; Micelles ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; metabolism

this report describes the structures of high-mannose-type N-linked oligosaccharides in glycoproteins synthesized by the microfilariae of Dirofioria immitis. Microfilariae of D. immitis were incubated in vitro in media contaning 2-[(3)H] mannose to allow metabolic radiolabeling of the oligosaccharide moieties of newly synthesized glycoproteins. Glycopeptides were prepared from the radiolabeled glycoproteins by digestion with pronase and fractionation by chromatography on concanavalin A-Sepharose. Thirty eight percent of 2-[(3)H] mannose incorporated into the microfilariae of D. immitis glycopeptides was recovered in high mannose-type asparagine-linked oligosaccharides whech were bound to the immobilized lectin. Upon treatment of 2-[(3)H] mannose labeled glycopeptides with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H, the high mannose-type chains were released and their structures were determined by high performance liquid chromatography and exoglycosidase digestion. The major species of high mannose-type chains synthesized by microfilariae of D. immitis have the composition Man(5) GlcNAc(2), Man(6) ClcNAc(2), Man(8) GlcNA(2), and Man(8) GlcNAc(2). Structural analyses indicate that these oligosaccharides are similar to high mannose-type chains synthesized by vertebrates.
parasitology-helminth-nematoda ; Dirofilaria immitis ; mannose ; carbohydrates ; oligosaccharieds ; micrlfilariae ; metabolic labeling ; HPLC ; enzyme digestion ; biochemistry

No abstract available.
Animals ; Apoptosis/*physiology ; Claudins/*metabolism ; Colitis/*physiopathology ; Intestinal Mucosa/*physiopathology ; Mannose-Binding Lectin/*immunology

This study was performed for the assessing the distribution, drug resistance and its transferability, and cell agglutinating ability of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from urine of patients with urinary tract infection. Total 164 strains of Strains of Enterobacteriaceae including, 91 strains of E. coli, 35 strains of klebsiella, 23 strains of Proteus, 6 strains of Serratia, 6 strains of Citrobacter, 3 strains of Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from urine. In the cell agglutinating test, most organisms, except Proteus, showed mannose resistant agglutination. Among organisms tested more than 20 strains, E. coli showed highest frequency of cell agglutination. In the comparison of cell agglutinating characteristics of E. coli and Klebsiella isolated from urine and other sources urinary isolates of E. coli showed higher frequency of agglutination and greater agglutinating potency than isolates from other sources, but Klebsiella showed little difference between isolates of urine and other sources. Urinary isolates usually showed high frequency of resistance to penicillin(90%), ampicillin(89%). sulfamethoxazole(69%), tetracycline(66%), chloramphenicol(53%), but showed low frequency of resistance to moxalactam(1%), amikacin(2%), and nalidixic acid (9%), and these resistance were highly transferable resistance mediated by R plasmid.
Agglutination ; Citrobacter ; Drug Resistance* ; Enterobacteriaceae ; Humans ; Klebsiella ; Mannose ; Nalidixic Acid ; Plasmids ; Proteus ; Serratia ; Urinary Tract Infections

This study aimed to examine the inhibitory effect of rare sugars on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in the presence of sucrose. Xylitol and three rare sugars (D-xylose, D-lyxose and D-mannose) were used in this study. S. mutans KCTC 3065 was cultured in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) medium containing xylitol, D-xylose, D-lyxose, or D-mannose in the presence of sucrose, and the effect on S. mutans growth was assessed by measuring solution turbidity at different time points after inoculation. To assess effects on pH, sucrose was added at different concentrations, and solution pH was measured at different time points after inoculation. All sugars significantly inhibited the growth of S. mutans in the presence of sucrose. Especially, D-lyxose and D-mannose exhibited significantly greater inhibition than that of xylitol. Furthermore, unlike D-lyxose, D-mannose significantly inhibited the decrement of pH, and its effect was greater than that of xylitol. Taken together, D-mannose has strong inhibitory effect on S. mutans in the presence of sucrose.
Brain ; Carbohydrates ; Dental Caries ; Heart ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Mannose* ; Streptococcus mutans* ; Streptococcus* ; Sucrose* ; Xylitol ; Xylose