OBJECTIVETo study the cultural characteristics of Armillaria mellea (A. mellea ) on solid media.

METHODSA. mellea was cultured on semi-solid agar medium in dark conditions. Effects of different media, carbon sources, nitrogen sources, and temperature on growth and morphology of A. mellea were observed. The contents of polysaccharide, mannitol, glucose, and reducing sugars in A. mellea during different stages of development were determined.

RESULTSThe biomass and morphology of A. mellea were different in various media. Sugars were more effective carbon sources than the relevant sugar alcohols. Little molecular carbon sources such as alcohol and glycerol could be utilized by A. mellea, but starch only could be utilized slowly. Either organic or inorganic nitrogen sources could be uptaken and utilized effectively by A. mellea. No evidence was found that VitB1 affects the growth of A. mellea. The growth cycle on wort medium at 30 degrees C was shorter than that at 25 degrees C for 7 days. In logarithmic growth phase and stable phase, the polysaccharide contents of A. mellea were 9.24% and 4.70% respectively, while the mannitol contents were 10.08% and 10.58% respectively; glucose and reducing sugar contents remained low level in the whole growth stage.

CONCLUSIONSCarbon sources have a more remarked effect on the growth of A. mellea than the nitrogen sources do. Optimal temperature for the growth of A. mellea ranges 20-30 degrees C. Mannitol accumulates more than other little molecular carbohydrates in A. mellea.

Agaricales ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Culture Media ; Mannitol ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo optimize the formulation of panax notoginsenoside orally fast disintegrating tablets.

METHODMannitol, microcrystalline cellulose (PH 102) and lactose 80 were used as diluent. A polynomial regression algorithm was used to evaluate the relationship between the controlling factor, compacting pressure and diluent ratio, and disintegration time, tensile strength of tablets. Optimum formulation and process parameters could be determined by contrast the contour plot of tensile strength to that of disintegration time.

RESULTThe disintegration time and tensile strength of panax notoginsenoside oral disintegrating tablets were good, and the taste was satisfactory.

CONCLUSIONPanax notoginsenoside oral disintegrating tablets achieve the goal of design and this method can be fairly used in formulation screening.

Cellulose ; chemistry ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Ginsenosides ; chemistry ; Lactose ; chemistry ; Mannitol ; chemistry ; Tablets ; chemistry ; Tensile Strength

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents of Fraxinus paxiana.

METHODThe chemical constituents were isolated and purified by chromatographic techniques and the structures of the compounds were identified with or by spectroscopic methods.

RESULTFifteen compounds were obtained from the methanol extract of F. paxiana and their structures were elucidated as esculin (1), esculetin (2), fraxin (3), fraxetin (4), salidroside (5), osmanthuside H (6), liriodendrin (7), 3-(4-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy-3-methoxy)-phenyl-2E-propenol (8), threo-syringylglycerol (9), euscaphic acid (10), 3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3, 5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propanone (11), omega-hydroxypropioguaiacone (12), sinapyladehyde (13), betulinic acid (14) and mannitol (15).

CONCLUSIONAll compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time.

Coumarins ; chemistry ; Esculin ; chemistry ; Fraxinus ; chemistry ; Furans ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; Mannitol ; chemistry ; Methanol ; chemistry ; Phenols ; chemistry ; Plant Bark ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; Umbelliferones ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of Polyporus ellissi.

METHODSilica gel column chromatography was applied for the isolation and purification of the constituents. The structures were established by means of spectroscopic and chemical data.

RESULTSix compounds were obtained and identified as cerebroside B (I), cerebroside D (II), ergosterol peroxide (III), 9(11)-dehydroergosterol peroxide (IV), mannitol (V) and palmitate-1-glycerol (VI).

CONCLUSIONCompounds (I) and (II) were isolated from the genus Polyporus for the first time.

Cerebrosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Mannitol ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Polyporaceae ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents from the mycelia of Flammulina velutipes.

METHODThe compounds were isolated with silica gel column chromatography and their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical evidences and spectral analysis (IR, EI-MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR).

RESULTFive compounds were identified as 5alpha,8alpha-epidioxy-(22E,24R)-ergost-6,22-dien-3beta-ol (1), ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (2), sterpuric acid (3), mannitol (4), ribitol (5).

CONCLUSIONThe compounds (2)-(5) were isolated for the first time from the mycelia of Flammulina velutipes.

Agaricales ; chemistry ; Cholestenones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Fermentation ; Mannitol ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Mycelium ; chemistry ; Ribitol ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of Bombyx batryticatus.

METHODThe chemical constituents were isolated from the title materials by column chromatography using silica gel, purified by crystallization, and identified by spectroscopic methods.

RESULTSeven compounds were isolated and identified.

CONCLUSIONSix compounds were isolated from Bombyx batryticatus for the first time.

Animals ; Bombyx ; chemistry ; Mannitol ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Materia Medica ; chemistry ; Palmitic Acid ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Sitosterols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo study the quality of medicinal material of Thesium chinense.

METHODThe active ingredients of total flavonoids, kaempferol, mannitol, polysaccharides were selected as the evaluative indicators to comprehensively evaluate the quality of medicinal material of T. chinense.

RESULTThe total flavone 3.38%, kaempferol 0.984 7 mg x g(-1), mannitol 6.12%, polysaccharides 14.08% and water soluble extract 30.28% were measured in the sample of T. chinense. There was a certain correlation among these selected active ingredients. The compositions of most biological activities component in T. chinense of different populations were similar, but the contents were different significantly. The content of activities component in T. chinense showed a general tendency of declining during growth period and with the increase time of storage.

CONCLUSIONFlavone, kaempferol, mannitol, polysaccharides should be selected as the indicators to evaluate the quality of medicinal material of T. chinense.

Flavones ; analysis ; Mannitol ; analysis ; Materia Medica ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Santalaceae ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents in roots of Peucedanum praeruptorum.

METHODThe constituents were isolated by column chromatography on silica gel and ODS, and identified by spectroscopic methods.

RESULTSeven compounds, alpha-D-glucopyranose-1-hexadecanoate (1), D-mannitol monohexadecanoate (2), adenosine (3), butyric acid (4), eleutheroside B, (5), apiosylskimmin (6), and mannitol (7) were isolated and identified.

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1-5 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Adenosine ; chemistry ; Apiaceae ; chemistry ; Butyrates ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; Mannitol ; chemistry ; Palmitic Acids ; chemistry ; Phenylpropionates ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study chemical constituents of Ilex kudingcha.

METHODThe constituents were isolated by chromatographic method and the structures were identified on the basis of spectral analysis.

RESULTSeven compounds, lupeol(I); 3 beta-hydroxyl-lup-20(29)-ene-24-methyl ester(II); lup-20(29)-ene-3 beta-, 24-diol(III); beta-sitosterol(IV); ursolic acid(V); daucosterol (VI); mannitol were obtained(VII).

CONCLUSIONI, III, VI and VII compounds were obtained from genus Ilex for the first time.

Ilex ; chemistry ; Mannitol ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Pentacyclic Triterpenes ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Sitosterols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents from the seeds of Notopterygium franchetii.

METHODEthanol extracts of seeds N. franchetii were separated and purified by such methods as normal and reversed phase column chromatographies and thin-layer chromatography and structurally elucidated by MS and NMR evidences.

RESULTTwenty nine compounds were separated, they were isoimperatorin (1), [3-sitosterol (2), phellopterin (3), bergapten (4), N-tetra, hexa, octacosanoylanthranilic acid (5-7), daucosterol (8), oxypeucedanin hydrate (9), umbelliferone (10), demethylfuropinnarin (11), (2S, 3S, 4R, 8E)-2-[(2'R)- 2'-hydroxydoco, trico, tetraco, entaco, hexaco sanosylamino] -octadecene-1, 3, 4-triol (12-16), (-)-oxypeucedanin (17), diosmetin (18), bergaptol-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (19), nodakenin (20), 1'-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(2R, 3S)-3-hydroxynodakenetin (21), uracil (22), decuroside V (23), 8-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-5-hydroxypsoralen (24), 8-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-5-methoxylpsoralen (25), diosmin (26), alaschanioside C (27), kynurenic acid (28) and mannitol (29).

CONCLUSIONAll of these compounds were separated from the seeds of N. franchetii for the first time. Of them, 18, 22, 26 and 29 were firstly obtained from genus Notopterygium.

Apiaceae ; chemistry ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Coumarins ; chemistry ; Diosmin ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; Furocoumarins ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; Kynurenic Acid ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Mannitol ; chemistry ; Methoxsalen ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Seeds ; chemistry ; Sitosterols ; chemistry ; Uracil ; chemistry