Organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP), a member of solute carrier (SLC) superfamily, is considered as an important transmembrane uptake transporters. OATP is involved in the transport of a variety of endo- and xenobiotics (bile acids, bilirubin, prostaglandin, thyroid hormones, steroid hormone conjugates), drugs and toxins in a Na+ and ATP independent manner. Multiple factors (eg. hormones, proinflammatory cytokines, drugs) can affect the distribution, expression and activity of OATPs, leading to an altered accumulation of OATP substrates and related food-drug and drug-drug interactions. Changes in the distribution and expression of OATPs in malignant tissues may be related to the pathological process of cancer, while the modulation epigenetic mechanism also contributes to its distribution patterns. This review describes the factors that can affect the expression or function of OATPs, which may provide a valuable reference for drug development and the clarification of pathogenesis.

Objective To screen the differential proteins in the brain (neocortex and hippocampus) between the rats with cortical dysplasia (CD) and control ones,and investigate the role of their alteration in the development of epilepsy in CD.Methods Cortical dysplasia was induced in rat pups via in utero delivery of BCNU.A two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE)-based approach was used to construct the expression profiles of proteins in both the neocortex and hippocampus at different age groups (postnatal day 7 and 60) and to detect proteome changes between CD rats and control ones.Following gel image analysis,protein spots that differed in abundance between CD and control rats were identified by using Matrx-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) and MS/MS.Results A total of 57 kinds of protein were screened out (P ＜ 0.05),in which 35 were found up-regulated and 22 were down-regulated compared with the control,35 from neonatal stage (postnatal day 7) and others from adult stage.Finally,12 among them were identified,including tubulin,alpha-lB,Beta-actin,tubulin beta-2A,GAP-43,UbCKmit,GAPDH and TMBr-3,etc.Conclusions Changed expression of specific proteins which were found in our study are involved in construction of brain 's cytoskeleton,synaptic function,mitochondrial function and so forth.Thus,they may be related to the pathogenic mechanisms of epileptogenicity of CD.

Objective To investigate the relationship between dyslipidemia,obesity,insulin resistance (IR)and various degrees of non.alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the risk factors of NAFLD.Methods Two hundred and sixty-eight patients were divided into three groups(non-NAFLD group,mild NAFLD group,moderate and severe NAFLD group)by liver ultrasonography.Body height(H),weight(W),waist circumference(WC),hip circumference(H)were measured.The levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG),glycosylated hemoglobin A_1c(GHbA_1C),serum total cholesterol(TC),serunl high density lipoprotein(HDL-C),serum low density lipoprotein(LDL-C),serum triglyceride (TG),alanine aminotransferase (ALT)and fasting serum insulin(FINS)were measured.Body mass index(BMI),the waist to hip ratio(WHR)and insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR)were calculated.Unconditional logistic regression model was used to test for the risk factors of NAFLD.Results BMI、WC、WHR、HNS、HOMA.IR、TC、LDL-C、TG and ALT in NAFLD group were significantly higher than those in non-NAFLD group (P<0.05).The levels of BMI、WC、WHR、HNS、HOMA-IR、 TG and ALT increased significantly in moderate and severe NAFLD group compared with mild NAFLD group(P<0.05).TG、WHR and HOMA.IR were the risk factors of NAFLD(P<0.05,OR=2.394,3.273,5.256).Conclusions NAFLD in patients with T2DM had remarkable dyslipidemia,overweight,central obesity and insulin resistance.TG、WHR and HOMA.IR were risk factors of NAFLD.

[Objective] To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of lower-extremity arterial disease in the patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). [Methods] One hundred fifty-one patients were investigated respectively. The patients were divided into two groups (NAFLD-Group and non-NAFLD group) by liver ultrasonography and disease history, then their clinical data were collected and compared in order to find the differences of biochemical indicators and the morbidity of lower-extremity arterial disease between two groups. [Results] Ninety-two cases (60.93%) were complicated with NAFLD. NAFLD group had higher levels of fast insulin and C peptide level, postprandial insulin and C peptide level, uric acid, body mass index (BMI), homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) and lower level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and insulin sensitive index than those of without NAFLD (P<0.05). One hundred and one cases(66.89%) were complicated with lower-extremity arterial disease. The morbidity of lower-extremity arterial diseases was higher in NAFLD group than that of without NAFLD group (75% vs. 54.24%, P<0.01). [Conclusion] Both lower-extremity arterial disease and NAFLD are common complicated with type 2 diabetes. The morbidity of lower-extremity arterial diseases was higher in NAFLD group than that of without NAFLD group.

Objective To assess the diet quality of pregnant women during the second trimester using the dietary inflammatory index ( DII) and to explore the correlation between the DII in second trimester of preg-nancy and preterm delivery.Methods A total of 253 women with singleton pregnancy in 16-20 gestational weeks who had received routine prenatal care between August 2014 and April 2015 at the First Affiliated Hospi-tal of Anhui Medical University were enrolled with cluster random sampling.The included women were asked to recall daily dietary intake in the 3 days prior to the survey.All dietary data were analyzed for energy and nutri-ents intake with a nutritional analysis software, followed by calculation of DII according to previous reports. Based on quartiles of the DII scores, the participants were divided into three groups, namely the anti-inflam-matory group (DII<-5.10), intermediate group (DII -5.10--2.55), and the pro-inflammatory group (DII>-2.55).The participants were followed up until delivery and the pregnancy outcomes were recorded. The relationship between the DII in second trimester of pregnancy and preterm delivery were analyzed. Results DII scores of the 253 pregnant women during the second trimester of pregnancy ranged from -7.913 to 3.872.The risks of preterm birth in the anti-inflammatory diet group, the intermediate group, and the pro-inflammatory diet group were 0, 1.6%, and 6.3%, respectively, with statistically significant differences among the groups (P=0.034).The higher DII scores (pro-inflammatory) were associated with higher inci-dence of preterm birth ( P<0.05 ) .Conclusion DII may be used to assess diet quality of pregnant women during the second trimester and to predict the risk of preterm birth.

Objective: To investigate the changes and clinical significance of vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin and procalcitonin (PCT) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of children with viral encephalitis or bacterial meningitis(BM). Methods: A total of 42 cases of children with viral encephalitis(viral encephalitis group), 36 cases of children with BM(BM group), and 20 cases of children with non-nervous system injury(control group) were selected from September 2016 to June 2018 at the Third Hospital of Zhengzhou University.The serum and CSF levels of VE-cadherin and PCT levels of the 3 groups were detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The levels of VE-cadherin in the serum of viral encephalitis group, BM group and control group at the acute phase were (5.60±1.17) mg/L, (7.08±1.01) mg/L and (2.52±0.68) mg/L respectively, and the levels of VE-cadherin in CSF of viral encephalitis group, BM group and control group were (6.00±1.09) mg/L, (6.97±1.11) mg/L and(1.93±0.88) mg/L, respectively.The levels of PCT in the serum of viral encephalitis group, BM group and control group at the acute phase were (0.26±0.11) μg/L, (0.82±0.17) μg/L and (0.27±0.13) μg/L, respectively, and the levels of PCT in the CSF of viral encephalitis group, BM group and control group were (0.25±0.11) μg/L, (0.72±0.14) μg/L, (0.28±0.17) μg/L, respectively.As a result, the levels of VE-cadherin and PCT in the serum and CSF of BM group showed significant increase, compared with viral encephalitis group and control group in the acute phase(F=124.94, 163.21, 151.62, 127.37, all P<0.01). The levels of VE-cadherin in the serum and CSF of viral encephalitis group were also significantly higher than that of control group (all P<0.01), but there was no difference between viral encephalitis group and control group about the levels of PCT in the serum and CSF (all P>0.05). The levels of VE-cadherin in the serum of viral encephalitis group and BM group after treatment were (2.34±0.81) mg/L and (2.67±1.29) mg/L, and were(2.55±0.92) mg/L and(2.39±0.74) mg/L in the CSF.The levels of PCT in the serum of viral encephalitis group and BM group after treatment were (0.25±0.11) μg/L, (0.30±0.17) μg/L, and the levels of PCT in the CSF of viral encephalitis group and BM group were(0.22±0.10) μg/L and (0.27±0.12) μg/L.After effective treatment, the levels of VE-cadherin, PCT in serum and CSF of BM group and viral encephalitis group were almost equal, and the difference was not statistically significant(F=1.83, 0.76, 2.72, 3.89, all P>0.05). In the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the area under the ROC curve of VE-cadherin in serum and CSF was 0.896 and 0.912, and was 0.670 and 0.668 of PCT respectively. Conclusions VE-cadherin may be involved in the early stage of intracranial infection, and it may be helpful in differentiation of virus or bacterial infection with PCT.VE-cadherin has a good diagnostic value for intracranial infection.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of esketamine combined with fascia iliaca compartment-subarachnoid block in optimizing anesthesia in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.Methods:Sixty-two American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅱ or Ⅲ elderly patients of either sex, aged 60-85 yr, with body mass index of 18.5-30.0 kg/m 2, were divided into 2 groups ( n=31 each) using a random number table method: fascia iliaca compartment-subarachnoid block group (FS group) and esketamine combined with fascia iliaca compartment-subarachnoid block group (ES group). In FS group, patients underwent ultrasound-guided fascia iliaca compartment block at 30 min before the operation of subarachnoid anesthesia on the surgical side. In ES group, esketamine 0.25 mg/kg was intravenously administered at 5 min before skin incision based on the fascia iliaca compartment-subarachnoid block. Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia was used for postoperative analgesia, and tramadol 1 mg/kg was intravenously given for rescue analgesia when numerical rating scale score > 4. The pressing times of patient-controlled analgesic pump, the number of rescue analgesia and consumption of tramadol were recorded within 48 h after operation. The occurrence of postoperative adverse reactions (respiratory depression, nausea and vomiting, dizziness, drowsiness, pruritus, illusion, nightmares) was recorded. Results:Compared with FS group, the consumption of postoperative tramadol was significantly decreased, and the pressing times of patient-controlled analgesic pump and the number of rescue analgesia were reduced in ES group ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidence of postoperative adverse reactions between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Combination of esketamine with fascia iliaca compartment-subarachnoid block for hip fracture surgery can raise postoperative analgesia and optimize clinical management strategies in elderly patients.

Objective To explore the role of CORM-3 in alleviating cognitive dysfunction and cortical neuronal pyroptosis of rats exposed to hemorrhage shock and resuscitation. Methods One hundred and sixty-eight male SD rats, weighting 350-400 g, in accordance with random number table, were divided into 4 groups (n=42):sham-operated group, hemorrhage shock and resuscitation (H group), hemorrhage shock and resuscitation plus CORM-3 (CO group), hemorrhage shock and resuscitation plus iCORM-3 (ICO group). The rat hemorrhagic shock resuscitation models were established in H, CO and ICO groups:bleeding from femoral vein was performed to achieve mean arterial pressure of 25-35 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) for 60 min;and then, the collected blood was returned to the body within 15 min to reach the initial blood pressure level as resuscitation, and normal saline was injected if necessary. The rats in CO group were injected CORM-3 (4 mg/kg) via femoral vein after resuscitation, the rats in ICO group were injected iCORM-3 (4 mg/kg), and rats in the sham-operate group and H group were only injected equal amount of normal saline containing DMSO. Rats were sacrificed for cortex 12 h after end of resuscitation;CO content was assessed by gas chromatograph assay; Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and BTB-CNC homology 1 (Bach1) in the nuclear, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 in cytosol; and neuronal pyroptosis rate was detected by cleaved caspase-1-Cy3/neuron-specific nucleoprotein (NeuN)-FITC/DAPI. Thirty d after resuscitation, open field test was used to assess the cognitive ability of the rats. Results At 12 h after resuscitation, as compared with sham-operated group, rats in the H, CO and ICO groups had significantly increased CO content, neuronal pyroptosis, ratio of Nrf2/Bach1, and expressions of HO-1, IL-1β and IL-18, statistically longer time spending in the central square, significantly smaller times crossing the grid and times standing on the back legs (P<0.05). As compared with H and ICO group, CO group had significantly increased CO content, ratio of Nrf2/Bach1, and HO-1 expression, times crossing the grid, times standing on the back legs, but significantly decreased neuronal pyroptosis, expressions of IL-1β and IL-18, and time spending in the central square (P<0.05). Conclusion CORM-3 can reduce the neuronal pyroptosis rate and alleviate cognitive dysfunction in rats with hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation, whose mechanism may be related to the increase of HO-1 expression after up-regulation of Nrf2/Bach1 ratio.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of ultrasound-guided single fascia iliaca compartmentblock (FICB) combined with esketamine on postoperative delirium (POD) in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.Methods:Sixty-two patients of either sex, aged 60-85 yr, with body mass index of 18-30 kg/m 2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅱ or Ⅲ, undergoing hip fracture surgery under subarachnoid anesthesia, were divided into 2 groups ( n=31 each) using a random number table method: single FICB group (group FICB) and single FICB combined with esketamine group (group FICB+ E). Ultrasound-guided FICB was performed on the operated side at 30 min before subarachnoid anesthesia. In FICB+ E group, esketamine was intravenously injected as a bolus of 0.3 mg/kg at 5 min before skin incision followed by an infusion of 0.25 mg·kg -1·h -1 until 30 min before the end of procedure. Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia was used for postoperative analgesia, and tramadol 1 mg/kg was given for rescue analgesia. The pressing times of patient-controlled analgesia, the number of rescue analgesia, and consumption of tramadol were recorded within 48 h after operation. The Ramsay sedation score was used to assess the degree of sedation at skin incision, 30 min after the start of surgery, 30 min before the end of surgery, at the end of surgery, and at discharge from the post-anesthesia care unit. Postoperative delirium (POD) occurred within 7 days after surgery was assessed using the Confusion Assessment Method. The serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, S100β and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on admission to the operating room and at 3 and 7 days after surgery. The occurrence of adverse drug reactions (respiratory depression, nausea and vomiting, dizziness, somnolence, urinary retention) was recorded. Results:Compared with group FICB, the incidence of POD was significantly decreased within 3 days after surgery, the consumption of tramadol, pressing times of patient-controlled analgesia and the number of rescue analgesia were reduced, Ramsay sedation score was increased at each time point, and the serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, S100β and glial fibrillary acidic protein were decreased after surgery ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the total incidence of POD at 7 days after surgery in group FICB+ B ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Ultrasound-guided single FICB combined with esketamine can provide adequate analgesia and sedation in the perioperative period for elderly patients with hip fractures, reducing the risk of early postoperative (within 3 days) POD.

Objective:To explore the effects of phased goal directed fluid therapy (GDFT) during anesthesia surgery on tissue perfusion and cognitive function in patients undergoing radical lung cancer surgery.Methods:A total of 108 lung cancer patients were prospectively selected and randomly divided into a control group and a study group using a random number table method. The control group received classical restrictive liquid therapy, while the study group received staged GDFT. We compared the surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, colloid fluid dosage, crystalloid fluid dosage, total output, and urine volume between two groups of patients; Two groups of patients were compared in terms of oxygenation index (OI), respiratory index (RI), central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO 2), lactate (Lac), central venous arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure difference (Pcv-aCO 2), oxygen supply index (DO 2I), and oxygen uptake rate (O 2ERe) before anesthesia induction (T 0), before single lung ventilation (T 1), 1 hour of single lung ventilation (T 2), immediate resumption of dual lung ventilation (T 3), 30 minutes of dual lung ventilation (T 4), and after surgery (T 5); The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to evaluate the cognitive function scores of two groups of patients 1 day before surgery and 1 and 3 days after surgery, while recording the incidence of cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and pulmonary complications (including pulmonary infection, acute lung injury, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary edema, atelectasis, etc.) within 3 days after surgery. Results:The amount of crystal fluid and urine output in the research group was significantly lower than that in the control group, while the amount of colloidal fluid was significantly higher than that in the control group (all P<0.05). The OI of the study group T 1-T 5 was significantly higher than that of the control group, while the RI of T 2-T 5 was significantly lower than that of the control group (all P<0.05). The ScvO 2 of the study group T 1 to T 5 was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the Lac was significantly lower than that of the control group (all P<0.05); The MMSE scores of both groups of patients were significantly lower than those before surgery on day 1 and 3 after surgery, and the MMSE scores of the study group were significantly higher than those of the control group on day 1 and 3 after surgery (all P<0.05). The incidence of POCD within 3 days after surgery in the study group was 16.67%(9/54), lower than 37.04%(20/54) in the control group (χ 2=5.704, P=0.017); The incidence of pulmonary complications in the study group was lower than that in the control group (5.56% vs 22.22%, χ 2=4.955, P=0.026). Conclusions:The application of staged GDFT during anesthesia in patients undergoing radical lung cancer surgery can further improve tissue perfusion, improve microcirculation and oxygen supply-demand balance of systemic organs and tissues, including the brain, alleviate perioperative brain function damage, and reduce the occurrence of postoperative POCD compared to conventional liquid therapy.