Objective To observe the changes of hippocampal NogoA-NgR1 signaling on postoperative cognitive function (POCD) in aged mice, and explore the potential underling mechanism.Methods Isoflurane anesthesia and laparotomy were applied to establish the POCD model.Forty aged male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the following four groups (n=10): group O2+saline (group OS), group O2+NEP1-40 (group ON), group isoflurane anesthesia+laparotomy surgery+saline (group SS), and group isoflurane anesthesia+laparotomy surgery+NEP1-40 (group SN).Cannula placement was performed into lateral ventricle 7 days before the surgery.Animals were subjected to an administration of NEP1-40 (20 μg/2 μl) or isochoric saline via intracerebroventricular injection once daily for 8 consecutive days, injection was given from 2 h before isoflurane anesthesia to the last behavioral test.Open field test was performed at 5th d after operation.Contextual and cued fear conditioning training and testing were exhibited at 6th and 7th d after operation, respectively.The hippocampus was harvested 2 h after the behavioral test.Western blot was used to detect the expressions of NogoA, NgR1, RhoA, ROCK2 and GAP43.Golgi staining was applied to measure the changes of dendritic spines in hippocampal CA1 area.Results Compared with the groups OS and ON, the freezing time in the contextual fear conditioning test was significantly decreased, the contents of NogoA, NgR1, RhoA and ROCK2 were significantly increased, the content of GAP43 and the number of dendritic spine were significantly decreased in group SS (P<0.05).Compared with the group SS, the freezing time in the contextual fear conditioning test was significantly increased, the contents of RhoA and ROCK2 were significantly decreased, the content of GAP43 and the number of dendritic spine were significantly increased in group SN (P<0.05).Conclusion Over-activated of hippocampal NogoA-NgR1 signaling participated in the pathogenesis of POCD in aged mice.

This study aimed at investigating the inhibitory effects and the anti-tumor mechanisms of co-adminis-tration of fusion proteins mGM-CSF/βhCG ( GC ) and hVEGF121/βhCG ( VC ) on RM-1 prostatic cancer and B16 F10 melanoma in the C57 BL/6 J mouse model. Two recombinant stains containing pET-28 a-mGM-CSF-X10-βhCGCTP37 and pET-28 a-VEGF-M2-X10-βhCG-CTP37 were induced by lactose to express fusion proteins. The fusion proteins were separated and purified to prepare the anti-tumor protein vaccines ( VC protein vaccine and GC protein vaccine) , which were then mixed to prepare a combined protein vaccine named VGC protein vac-cine. The prostatic cancer and melanoma tumor-bearing mice C57 BL/6 J were immunized with described vac-cines, then the growth of each tumor was measured;splenocyte proliferation of immunized mice was detected;and the cytotoxic effects of the vaccine on tumor cells were tested. After that, the in vivo concentrations of IFN-γ and anti-hVEGF antibodies were investigated by ELISA. The difference between each experimental group and normal saline group ( NS) was statistically significant in both tumor-bearing mouse models ( P <0. 05) respectively. Besides, VGC group exhibited significantly better anti-tumor effect compared with the GC and VC groups with the anti-tumor rate ( 41. 7 ± 0. 83)% and ( 46. 4 ± 1. 27)% for prostatic cancer and melanoma tumor, respectively. The co-administration of the two proteins, VC and GC, could inhibit the growth of RM-1 prostatic tumor and B16F10 melanoma effectively via anti-tumor immunity and anti-tumor angiogenesis.

Objective: To investigate the changes and clinical significance of vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin and procalcitonin (PCT) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of children with viral encephalitis or bacterial meningitis(BM). Methods: A total of 42 cases of children with viral encephalitis(viral encephalitis group), 36 cases of children with BM(BM group), and 20 cases of children with non-nervous system injury(control group) were selected from September 2016 to June 2018 at the Third Hospital of Zhengzhou University.The serum and CSF levels of VE-cadherin and PCT levels of the 3 groups were detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The levels of VE-cadherin in the serum of viral encephalitis group, BM group and control group at the acute phase were (5.60±1.17) mg/L, (7.08±1.01) mg/L and (2.52±0.68) mg/L respectively, and the levels of VE-cadherin in CSF of viral encephalitis group, BM group and control group were (6.00±1.09) mg/L, (6.97±1.11) mg/L and(1.93±0.88) mg/L, respectively.The levels of PCT in the serum of viral encephalitis group, BM group and control group at the acute phase were (0.26±0.11) μg/L, (0.82±0.17) μg/L and (0.27±0.13) μg/L, respectively, and the levels of PCT in the CSF of viral encephalitis group, BM group and control group were (0.25±0.11) μg/L, (0.72±0.14) μg/L, (0.28±0.17) μg/L, respectively.As a result, the levels of VE-cadherin and PCT in the serum and CSF of BM group showed significant increase, compared with viral encephalitis group and control group in the acute phase(F=124.94, 163.21, 151.62, 127.37, all P<0.01). The levels of VE-cadherin in the serum and CSF of viral encephalitis group were also significantly higher than that of control group (all P<0.01), but there was no difference between viral encephalitis group and control group about the levels of PCT in the serum and CSF (all P>0.05). The levels of VE-cadherin in the serum of viral encephalitis group and BM group after treatment were (2.34±0.81) mg/L and (2.67±1.29) mg/L, and were(2.55±0.92) mg/L and(2.39±0.74) mg/L in the CSF.The levels of PCT in the serum of viral encephalitis group and BM group after treatment were (0.25±0.11) μg/L, (0.30±0.17) μg/L, and the levels of PCT in the CSF of viral encephalitis group and BM group were(0.22±0.10) μg/L and (0.27±0.12) μg/L.After effective treatment, the levels of VE-cadherin, PCT in serum and CSF of BM group and viral encephalitis group were almost equal, and the difference was not statistically significant(F=1.83, 0.76, 2.72, 3.89, all P>0.05). In the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the area under the ROC curve of VE-cadherin in serum and CSF was 0.896 and 0.912, and was 0.670 and 0.668 of PCT respectively. Conclusions VE-cadherin may be involved in the early stage of intracranial infection, and it may be helpful in differentiation of virus or bacterial infection with PCT.VE-cadherin has a good diagnostic value for intracranial infection.

Objective:To review the funding status of the National Natural Science Foundation of China in the field of preventive medicine, summarize the characteristics of approved funding for sub-disciplines and institutions, to further analyze the effects of funding distribution.Methods:Descriptively analyze the funding status of the National Natural Science Foundation of China in the field of preventive medicine from 2010 to 2019, and analyze its aggregation effect by constructing a single funding strength and intensity index.Results:The project number, funding amount and number of research institutions have shown an overall upward trend. In the past 10 years, a total of 1.683 billion has been approved for funding, and the proportion in the Department of Health Sciences has remained at about 4%. Non-communicable disease epidemiology, human nutrition, and health toxicology are among the top three in terms of project number, funding amount, and number of grantee institutions. Sub-discipline funding is uneven, showing a phenomenon of development differentiation. The amount of approved funding, the number of institutions, and the strength of individual funding for universities are significantly higher than those of scientific research institutions and CDCs. The total amount of Top 10 funding accounted for 41.49%, which obviously showed a " head" effect.Conclusions:The Natural Science Foundation of China should continue to increase investment in the field of preventive medicine. Key breakthroughs in dominant disciplines, weaker disciplines make up for shortcomings, guide universities, research institutes, and CDCs to carry out inter-institutional project cooperation based on their respective advantages, and encourage interdisciplinary research to enhance discipline innovation capabilities.

Objective: To evaluate the performance of high risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) DNA test for triage ASC-US in Chinese population. Methods: The study population was from Jiyuan city in Henan Province where a cervical cancer screening cohort (4 026 women) was set up from April to July in 2017. Women with ASC-US and complete recall information of colposcope were selected as the study objects. Self-designed questionnaire was used to survey the general information and medical history of cervical cancer, thencervical cytological speciments were collected for cytodiagnosis and HPV DNA test, followed by colposcopy, lesion biopsy and histology diagnose. The diagnosis of histology was used as the gold standard. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) as well as corresponding 95% confidential interval (CI) were calculated. Results: The average age of the included 393 women with ASC-US were (50.81±9.22) years old. The positivity of high risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV), HPV16 and HPV18 were 35.6%, 10.69% and 2.80%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV for HR-HPV to detect CIN2+ were 84.38% (68.25%-93.14%), 68.70% (63.74%-73.26%), 19.29% (13.61%-26.61%) and 98.02% (95.46%-99.15%). When compared with HR-HPV, HPV16/18 had a lower sensitivity (59.38% (42.26%-74.48%)) and a higher specificity(91.14% (87.75%-93.65%)), the PPV and NPV were 59.38% (25.32%-50.98%) and 91.14% (93.61%-97.77%). Conclusion It was more effective for HR-HPV to triage ASC-US than HPV16/18. In order to improve the effect of HPV16/18, it should include more HR-HPV types which were more prevalent in Chinese population.

Recently, World Health Organization/International Agency for Research on Cancer (WHO/IARC) published the World Cancer Report 2020. This report described the cancer burden of the world, the risk factors of cancer, biological process in cancer development and the prevention strategies of cancer. Based on current status of China’s cancer burden and prevention strategies, this paper briefly interpreted the key points of cancer prevention and control in the report.

Objective: To investigate the changes and clinical significance of Caveolin-1, matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)in cerebrospinal fluid of children with bacterial meningitis or viral encephalitis. Methods: Thirty-six cases of children with bacterial meningitis, 42 cases of children with viral encephalitis, and 20 cases of children with non-nervous system infection were selected from September 2016 to June 2018 at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University.The levels of Caveolin-1, MMP-9 and IL-1β in cerebrospinal fluid were detected by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Results: Cerebrospinal fluid Caveolin-1, MMP-9 , IL-1β levels in the acute phase of bacterial meningitis were(49.06±8.96) ng/L, (134.79±18.88) μg/L, (100.02±14.67) μg/L, respectively, and (29.13±7.25) ng/L, (18.69±7.23) μg/L, (47.57±8.95) μg/L in recovery phase, which were higher than those of the controls[(11.18±2.24) ng/L, (11.53±3.54) μg/L, (39.75±7.08) μg/L)], and the differences were significant (all P<0.05). Cerebrospinal fluid Caveolin-1, MMP-9, IL-1β levels in the acute phase of viral encephalitis were (42.71±10.48) ng/L, (62.78±17.39) μg/L, (57.97±11.28) μg/L, respectively, and (29.13±7.25) ng/L, (18.69±7.23) μg/L, (47.57±8.95) μg/L in recovery phase, which were higher than those of controls, and the differences were significant (all P<0.05). The levels of Caveolin-1, MMP-9 and IL-1β in cerebrospinal fluid of bacterial meningitis group and viral encephalitis group were significantly higher than those of convalescent group (all P<0.05). The levels of Caveolin-1, MMP-9, IL-1β in cerebrospinal fluid of bacterial meningitis group were significantly higher than those in viral encephalitis group (all P<0.05) in the acute phase, and no significant difference was found in the recovery phase(all P>0.05). Cerebrospinal fluid Caveolin-1, MMP-9, IL-1β showed no significant difference among children with different severity of intracranial infection.Correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between Caveolin-1, MMP-9 and IL-1 β levels in cerebrospinal fluid of acute in bacterial meningitis group and viral encephalitis group(Caveolin-1 and MMP-9: R²=0.239, P<0.05; MMP-9 and IL-1β: R²=0.766, P<0.01; Caveolin-1 and IL-1β: R²=0.245, P<0.05). Conclusions Caveolin-1, MMP-9 and IL-1 β involved in the pathogenesis of intracranial infection in children, and the effects of different pathogens on intracranial infection were different.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical performance of p16/Ki-67 dual staining for triage high risk HPV (HR-HPV) infected women. Method: Target objects were women who infected HR-HPV and received colposcopy examination between April and December of 2016 at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Gynecologists collected the cervical exfoliated cells from eligible women for p16/Ki-67 dual staining, LBC testing and HPV DNA testing. Histology diagnosis were used as gold standard. Sensitivities, specificities, positive predictive values (PPVs), negative predictive values (NPVs) of p16/Ki-67 dual staining, LBC testing and HPV16/18 testing for triage of HR-HPV positive population were calculated and compared. Results: A total of 295 HR-HPV infected women were selected, and the mean age was (44.29±11.48) years old. Positive rates of p16/Ki-67 dual staining, HPV16/18 testing and LBC testing were 70.17% (207), 56.95% (168) and 85.76% (253), respectively. When CIN2+as the endpoint, among the three triage methods, sensitivity of p16/Ki-67 dual staining was 90.00% (95%CI: 85.06%-93.43%), higher than the value of HPV 16/18 testing, but lower than the value of LBC testing. Specificity, PPV and NPV of p16/Ki-67 dual staining were the highest [71.58% (95%CI: 61.81%-79.67%), 86.96% (95%CI:81.69%-90.88%) and 77.27% (95%CI: 67.49%-84.78%)]. When detection for CIN3+, sensitivity of p16/Ki-67 dual staining was 92.90% (95%CI: 87.74%-95.99%), lower than the value of LBC testing, but higher than the value of HPV16/18 testing. Specificity of p16/Ki-67 dual staining was 55.00% (95%CI: 46.74%-63.00%), lower than the value of HPV16/18 testing, but higher than the value of LBC testing. PPV of p16/Ki-67 dual staining was 69.57% (95%CI: 62.99%-75.43%), lower than the value of HPV 16/18 testing, but higher than the value of LBC testing. NPV of p16/Ki-67 dual staining was 87.50% (95%CI: 78.99%-92.87%), higher than value of HPV 16/18 testing, but lower than the value of LBC testing. Conclusion p16/Ki-67 dual staining has better clinical effects than HPV 16/18 testing and LBC testing for triage women with HR-HPV infection.