Hemodynamic monitoring is an important means for the assessment of acute and critically ill children, especially for the early detection of circulatory disturbance and guiding targeted treatment. There are a variety of hemodynamic monitoring methods, however, some defects limit their wide application in pediatric patients. In recent years, with the development of color Doppler technology, a new non-invasive hemodynamic monitoring device was launched, which has the advantages such as non-invasive, continuous dynamic monitoring, suitable for bedside use, providing a new choice for hemodynamic monitoring. This review summarized the application of noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring in critically ill children.

Flexible bronchoscopy has become an important diagnostic and therapeutic technique in the neonatal intensive care unit.With the improvement of the instrument and operating techniques of the bronchoscopists,flexible bronchoscopy has been applied in the preterm infant that weighted 600 grams.In this article,a review of application of flexible bronchoscopy in neonates,including diagnostic and therapeutic indications,security in the neonatal applications would be presented.

Objective To assess the influence of the risk factors of coronary heart disease(CHD) on the prognosis of pereutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Methods The risk factors of CHD was retrospectively col-lected from 446 patients (mean age (SD) : 60.23(9.75) yrs,84.97% male )who were admitted to the First Affili-ated Hospital of Lanzhou University from January, 2007 to July, 2008. These patients were diagnosed as CHD and treated with PCI. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were followed up for 12 months after PCI,and its associatian with the risk factors of CHD was investigated. Results Among all the patients,2.24% (10/446) had family history of CHD, 20.63% (92/446) was complicated with diabetes, 52.26% (242/446) with hypertension, 42.15% (118/446) with dyslipidemia, 62.33% (278/446) of the patients was overweight, and 57.85% (258/446) was smoker. Within 12 months of follow-up, MACE incidence rate were 5.83%. Univariate analysis showed the propor-tions of female,family history of CHD, overweight, hypertension and smoker were significandy different between the patients with MACE and those without MACE (χ~2=4.133,6.848,3.997,3.939,4.120, respectively,P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed family history and overweight increased the risk of MACE (OR=7.383 and 10. 504,respectively,95% CI=1.639-33.246 and 1.231-59.598, P<0.05), being male protected against MACE (OR=0.058,95%CI=0.014-0.236,P<0.05). Conclusions The prognosis of patients of CHD under-went PCI was good. After PCI,the risk factors of CHD such as smoking,hypertension ,overweight,ete should be un-der control to decrease the occurrence of MACE.

Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of adult allergic diseases,looking for risk factors of allergic airway disease in Shiqi District of Zhangshan,and to provide a scientific basis for the development of community health education.Methods The questionnaire which was designed by national respiratory allergic diseases research and epidemiological survey collaboration group was carried out,and the random cluster sampling method was used to extract a total of 2 000 adults from Shiqi District of Zhongshan City,and the questionnaires,physi calexamination,and laboratory tests were taken.Results In Shiqi District of Zhongshan,the incidence rate of adult respiratory allergic disease was 10.4％,including allergic rhinitis,allergic pharyngitis and allergic asthma,accounted for 54.33％,33.65％ and 12.02％.Most common cause is smoking and keeping pets.Among respiratory allergic disease population,smoking accounted for 28％ and keep pets accounted for 17.8％.Common allergens are mites,cockroaches,animal fur and flowers.Leather pilot assassination test positive rate of respiratory allergic disease population was 37.50％,including mites,cockroach accounted for 23.08％,7.21％ of animal fur,flowers accounted for 6.25％.Conclusion In Shiqi District of Zhongshan,adult respiratory allergic disease prevalence is same as the country,the majority is respiratory diseases.The most common cause is smoking and keeping pets.The most common allergens are mites,cockroaches,animal fur and flowers.The incidence maybe related to life behavior and the living environment.

Objective To investigate the time for spontaneous closure of the ductus arteriosus and the trends of cardiac index(CI),peripheral vascular resistance index(SVRI)and blood pressure of neonates with different gesta-tional ages(GA). Methods A prospective observational study about 95 newborns,including 20 full - term and 75 pre-term infants were divided into 4 groups according to their GA as GA ﹤ 32 weeks(n = 27),32 weeks≤GA ﹤ 34 weeks (n = 25),34 weeks≤GA ﹤ 37 weeks(n = 23),GA≥37 weeks(n = 20). Patent ductus arteriosus was diagnosed by echocardiography(ECHO)at the time of 24 h,48 h,72 h,7 d and 14 d. CI,SVRI and blood pressure were measured with ultrasonic cardiac output monitor(USCOM). Results The cumulative spontaneous closure rate of arterious ductus of 32 weeks≤GA ﹤34 weeks,34 weeks≤GA ﹤37 weeks group and GA≥37 weeks group at 24 h after birth was 44. 0% , 61. 0% and 90. 0% respectively. However the rate was only 59. 1% at 72 h with the GA less than 32 weeks,of which 9 cases needed ibuprofen and 1 patient was conducted ductus arteriosus ligation. The differences in cumulative closure rate among 4 groups based on GA at 5 time points were statistically significant(χ2 =6. 756,4. 735,18. 890,11. 366,28. 159,all P ﹤0. 05). There was significant increase of systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure and SVRI with ductus arte-riosus closure(t = -32. 561,-19. 913,-31. 791,4. 760,all P ﹤0. 000 1;t = - 25. 091,- 23. 400,- 21. 147,2. 240,all P ﹤0. 05;t = -10. 931,-9. 975,-9. 629,2. 350,all P ﹤ 0. 05). Whereas CI significantly decreased in groups of GA ﹤32 weeks,32 weeks ≤GA ﹤34 weeks,34 weeks ≤GA ﹤37 weeks(t =9. 224,6. 515,5. 996,all P ﹤ 0. 001)and no sig-nificant changes in GA≥37 weeks(t =0. 940,P ﹥0. 05). Conclusions With the increase of gestational age,the rate of naturally early arterial catheter closure is higher. Whereas there still are nearly one - third infants requiring medical or surgical intervention in the group of GA ﹤32 weeks. Ductus arteriosus has great influence on hemodynamics. For preterm, especially very low birth weight preterm,the use of ECHO and USCOM can early detect and treat patent ductus arteriosus.

BACKGROUND: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are important seeded cells for construction of tissue-engineered trachea, but there is no special surface marker. Therefore, identification of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells is mostly based on morphology, phenotype antigen and the function of differentiation. OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility of the tracheal chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells under a special condition through isolation, cultivation and identification of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS: Rabbit bone marrow was acquired in the sterile environment to isolate and culture bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to passage 2 by bone marrow adherence and screening method. Flow cytometry identified the phenotype CD44, CD45 of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells at passages 1 and 2. Rabbit tracheal samples were acquired in the sterile environment, the tracheal chondrocytes were isolated and cultured by enzyme digestion, and toluidine blue staining was used to detect aggrecan. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were co-cultured with tracheal chondrocytes by Transwel and transforming growth factor β1. Cel morphology was detected under an inverted microscope. Real-time quantitative PCR and toluidine blue staining detected the extracel ular matrix components, such as type Ⅱ col agen and aggrecan.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After isolation and culture, cells were spindle and irregular in morphology, and passaged cells thrived that were gathered into a fish-like colony growth. For passage 1 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, the positive rates of phenotype antigen CD44 and CD45 were respectively 96.97% and 13.72%; for passage 2 cells, the positive rates of phenotype antigen CD44 and CD45 were 99.11% and 8.54%, respectively. Tracheal chondrocytes were positive for toluidine blue staining. The morphology of induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells changed from long fusiform to triangular or irregular shape, indicating the chondrocytes expressed type Ⅱ col agen and aggrecan, and toluidine blue staining was positive. These results showed bone marrow adherence and screening method could acquire bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and the purity of passage 2 cells is higher. Under a special condition, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have the potential of chondrogenic differentiation, and can be selected as seed cells for construction of tissue-engineered trachea.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of laminaria japonica polysaccharides(LJP) and tea polyphenols (TP) on nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) cells HONE1 and CNE2, and further to explore the underlying mechanism of antitumor activity of LJP on NPC cell in vivo. METHOD: To identify the logarithmic growth phase of NPC cells HONE1 and CNE2 through cell growth curve and doubling time by means of MTT, then inhibition of the cells proliferation were detected with LJP and TP separately and combined. With LJP treatment, cell apoptosis of HONE1 was examined by double staining assay. A tumor model,established by subcutaneously inoculation of NPC cell HONE1 into nude mice,was used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of LJP in vivo. RESULT: Both LJP and TP had inhibition effect on two groups of cell proliferation, and LJP and TP combined effect of inhibition were higher than the two separate on two sets of experimental cell proliferation, whose effect was concentration-dependent. LJP could induce apoptosis of HONE1. With the increasing concentration of LJP, apoptosis rate increased. The apoptosis rate was(49.51 +/- 1. 89) % (P<0. 01) when treated with 320 mg/L LJP. The inhibition rate was between 50% to 60% at 72 h after treatment with 320 mg/L LJP. Compared to control group, the growth of xenografts in nude mice was significantly suppressed after administration of LJP at a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition rates were 33. 7%(P<0. 05)and 47. 0%(P<0. 01) when treated with 25.0 mg/kg and 50. O mg/kg respectively. Whereas the inhibition rate of 12.5 mg/kg group was only 16. 4%(P>0. 05). CONCLUSION LJP and TP can inhibit the proliferation of NPC cells HONE1 and CNE2 respectively,and combined use has a significant effect. LJP can inhibit the growth of NPC probably by inducing apoptosis of NPC cells in vitro and in vivo.
Animals ; Carcinoma ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Laminaria ; chemistry ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Polyphenols ; pharmacology ; Polysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Tea ; chemistry ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

Objective To assess the applicability of sound touch elastography ( ST E) and sound touch quantify ( ST Q ) in measuring liver and spleen stiffness . Methods One hundred and eighteen healthy volunteers were included and underwent ST E and ST Q . T he success rate ,variability and reproducibility of ST E and ST Q were analyzed . T he accurate sampling size and number of tests for liver ST Q were also analyzed . Results T he success rates ,variability ,reproducibility of ST E and ST Q in liver were 97 .5% and 99 .2% ,8 .7% and 12 .0% ,0 .917 and 0 .916 , respectively . While those with spleen were 76 .3% and 66 .9% ,12 .4% and 16 .4% ,0 .847 and 0 .706 ,respectively . The sampling size of 1 .5 cm×1 .0 cm yield the lowest variability ( 8 .5% ) ( F ＝6 .562 , P ＝0 .002) ,and there was no significant difference between results of detecting 5 times and 10 times( P ＝0 .571) . T he liver and spleen stiffness of ST E were 5 .75 kPa ( 95%CI :5 .60－5 .91 kPa) and 15 .58 kPa ( 95% CI :14 .99 －16 .16 kPa) . Conclusions The measurement of liver stiffness using both ST E and ST Q have a high success rate and low variability . However ,ST E is better than STQ in measuring spleen stiffness .

Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of penciclovir combined with foscarnet sodium in the treatment of herpes zoster. Methods: The clinical datas of 135 herpes zoster patients from the ward of Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital were collected. Among them 64 patients received penciclovir and foscarnet sodium, and the remaining 71 patients only received penciclovir alone.Their general information, the time for vesicle stopped emerging, rash began to scab, pain to relief obviously, the adverse reaction and if they got the postherpetic neuralgia were recorded and included into statistical analysis. Results: The general information showed no significant differences between the 2 groups(all P>0.05). The time for vesicle stopped emerging, rash began to scab, pain to relief obviously in combination group was shorter than the penciclovir group (all P<0.001). The number of patients who developed postherpetic neuralgia of combination group was fewer than that of penciclovir group(P=0.013). There was no statistical significance between the 2 groups the adverse reaction(P=0.928). Conclusions The penciclovir and foscarnet sodium combination therapy showed rapid therapeutic effects on herpes zoster patients, the incidence of postherpetic neuralgia was low, and there was no more side effects than penciclovir alone therapy. The combined therapy may be a reliable way to treat herpes zoster.

Objective:To investigate the effect of conventional treatment plus long-term transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on consciousness recovery in patients with minimally conscious state (MCS) after traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 60 patients with MCS after TBI admitted to Zhejiang Armed Police Corps Hospital from January 2019 to December 2020, including 38 males and 22 females, aged 19-60 years [(45.7±11.4)years]. Course of disease was 3-6 months [(4.6±0.9)months]. Of all, 30 patients received internal medicine, hyperbaric oxygen, rehabilitation and other conventional treatment (conventional treatment group), and 30 patients received tDCS stimulation on the basis of conventional treatment (tDCS treatment group). The tDCS stimulation contained 4 cycles for 28 days with each cycle lasting for 7 days (stimulation for 5 days, rest for 2 days). Coma recovery scale-revised (CRS-R) total score, brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) score and clinical effictive rate (significantly effective+effective) were compared between the two groups before treatment, during 4 cycles of treatment and at 6 months and 12 months after treatment. Complications induced by tDCS were also evaluated.Results:There was no significant difference in CRS-R total score and BAEP score between the two groups before treatment (all P>0.05). CRS-R total score and BAEP score in tDCS treatment group were significantly higher than those in conventional treatment group during 4 cycles of treatment and at 6 months and 12 months after treatment (all P<0.05). CRS-R total score and BAEP score in both groups gradually increased during 4 cycles of treatment and at 6 months and 12 months after treatment (all P<0.05). The clinical effective rate in tDCS treatment group was 73% (22/30) when compared to 57% (17/30) in conventional treatment group ( P<0.05). In tDCS treatment group, 10 patients had local reversible slight redness at the cathodal position, while no other serious adverse effects, such as local burns, ulceration, exudation or epilepsy. Conclusion:Compared with conventional treatment, conventional treatment plus long-term tDCS can be more effective in improving the state of consciousness without serious adverse effects for MCS patients after TBI.