Objective To investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of propofol and Xingnaojing injection on different characteristic injuries in cerebrocortical slices of newborn rats in vitro. Methods The cerebral cortex of the 7 days-old Sprague-Dawley(SD)neonatal rat was cut into slices. 2,3,5-Triphenyl Tetrazolium(TTC) was used to stain the slices to judge their activities,afterwards they were randomly divided into seven different groups (each,n=12):normal control group(group A),glutamate(Glu)injury group(group B),hydrogen dioxide(H2O2) injury group(group C),propofol preconditioning before Glu injury group(group D),Xingnaojing preconditioning before Glu injury group(group E),propofol preconditioning before H2O2 injury group(group F), Xingnaojing preconditioning before H2O2 injury group(group G). On the 3rd day,the pre-medical treatments or pre-conditionings for D,E,F and G groups were carried out for 24 hours(the concentration of propofol:20 mg/L,the concentration of Xingnaojing:10 μg/mL);the slices were successfully incubated for 4 days,afterwards they were immersed in 1 mmol/L Glu and 0.1 mmol/L H2O2 for 30 minutes respectively to establish the injury models which had no pre-treatment,finally all the groups were transferred into normal cultural medium to incubate till the 7th day. In the above processes,the group A had no specific medical treatment. After all the operations,the changes in brain tissue and cell morphology,the quantity of Nissl body(NISSL)stained by its stain,and the proportion of cells stained with red and green dye after the slices in various groups stained with propidium iodide-acridine orange(PI-AO)were observed,and the apoptosis rate was tested by flow cytometry. Results ①Morphological observation of brain slices:on the 3rd day,the slices appeared mild edematous,3-5 days later,the edema gradually disappeared. Until the 6th day, a large number of typical nerve cells and a few glial cells were seen;on the 7th day,the growth of cells reached the peak,and afterwards,gradually apoptosis played the leading role.②Morphological observation of brain slices stained by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)stain:the neurons of group A presented multilateral-or shuttle-shaped. The cell numbers of groups B and C were significantly lower than the number of group A. In the neuron number sequence,the positions of the numbers of groups D,E,F,G were located in the interval between the number of group A and those of groups B and C,and there were differences in number among groups.③NISSL:Nissl-body of group A could be clearly seen. The numbers of Nissl-body in groups B and C were significantly reduced compared with the number in group A(cell/HP:8.8±2.5,10.3±2.5 vs. 28.9±5.1,both P<0.05). The numbers of Nissl-body in groups D and E were obviously increased compared with the number in group B,and the greater increase being in group D(21.5±4.7 vs. 13.4±3.1, P<0.05). The numbers of Nissl-body in groups F and G were markedly increased compared with the number in group C ,and the greater increase being in group F(23.9±1.9 vs. 19.2±4.1,P<0.05). ④ Double staining with PI-AO:in group A,nearly the total number of nuclei presented fluorescent green in color. In groups B and C,a large number of neurons appeared two types of fluorescence and their edges blurred. The proportions of red staining of neuron cytoplasm in groups D and E were lower than the proportion in group B,and the greater decrease being in group D. The proportions of red staining of neuron cytoplasm in groups F and G were lower than the proportion in group C ,and the greater decrease being in group F.⑤Apoptosis rate:the apoptosis rates of groups B and C were higher than the rate of group A〔(22.00±0.64)%,(21.28±1.44)%vs.(8.57±0.67)%,P<0.05〕;the apoptosis rates of groups D and E were lower than group B,the decrease in group D being greater〔(11.94±0.57)%vs.(18.17±0.65)%,P<0.05〕;the apoptosis rates of groups F and G were much lower than the rate of group C,the decrease in group F being greater〔(10.54±1.24)% vs.(13.12±0.13)%,P<0.05〕. Conclusion The pre-treatment of propoful or Xingnaojing injection has protective effect on Glu or H2O2 injury of in vitro rat cerebrocortical slices,and upon the same injury,the brain protective effect of propoful is more powerful than that of Xingnaojing injection.

AIM: To investigate the change of long-term potentiation ( LTP ) , and the expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor (5-HT1A receptor) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) in the hippocampus of the rats with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and to explore the mechanism of 5-HT1A receptor in the regulation of spatial memory in the PTSD rats.METHODS:Healthy adult SD rats (n=36) were randomly divided into control group and mod-el group, with 18 rats in each group.The rats in model group were treated with single prolonged stress to construct the mod-el of PTSD.Morris water maze ( MWM) was used to test the learning and memory ability .The LTP induced by high-fre-quency stimulation (HFS) was detected by electrophysiological method .The protein expression of 5-HT1A receptor and PSD-95 in the hippocampus was determined by Western blot and immunofluorescence .RESULTS: The MWM analysis showed that the latency of the rats searching for the underwater platform in model group was significantly longer than that in control group (P<0.01).The results of electrophysiological analysis showed that the amplitude of the evoked potential in both groups were significantly increased after HFS in the hippocampus , but that in model group was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.01).The results of Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis showed that compared with control group, the protein expression of 5-HT1A receptor was obviously increased (P<0.05), while the expression of PSD-95 was obviously decreased in model group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The spatial memory impairment in the PTSD rats may be associated with the increase in the expression of 5-HT1A receptor and the decrease in the expression of PSD-95 in the CA1 region of hippocampus .

Objective To investigate the effect of curcumine on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC). Methods HUVEC were cultured and identified in vitro .After cultured with curcumine at different concentration for 24 hours, the expression of MMP-9 in HUVEC was detected by cytoimmunochemical staining method and ELISA . Results All concentrations of curcumine can restrain the expression of HUVEC after co- culturing with the cells for 24 hours. The inhibitory effect got stronger with the increase of the concentration of curcumine. Conclusion The curcumine can depress the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in HUVEC obviously.

Flexible bronchoscopy has become an important diagnostic and therapeutic technique in the neonatal intensive care unit.With the improvement of the instrument and operating techniques of the bronchoscopists,flexible bronchoscopy has been applied in the preterm infant that weighted 600 grams.In this article,a review of application of flexible bronchoscopy in neonates,including diagnostic and therapeutic indications,security in the neonatal applications would be presented.

Objecfive To detect serum antibodies to Pmp in patients with urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infection and to assess the relationship between Pmp and urogenital C.traehomatis infection.Methods Twenty healthy adults and 77 patients with urogenital C. trachomatis infection were recruited into this study.A 3-month foilow-up was carried out in 43 patients,who were classified into persistent infection group(n=19)and negative-conversion group(n=24).Western-blot was performed to detect serum antibodies to Pmp in all subjects.Results The positivity rate of anti-Pmp antibodies was 90.20% (71/77) in patients,significantly higher than that in the normal controls[20% (4/20),P<0.05].All the 9 types of anti-Pmp antibodies were detected in patients with a varying positivity rates,which were 61.04% (47/77),88.31% (68/77),63.63% (49/77),28.57% (22,77),63.63% (49/77),75.32% (58/77),62.34% (48/77),77.92% (60/77)and 70.13% (54/77) for antibodies against PmpA,PmpB,PmpC,PmpD,PmpE,PmpF,PmpG,PmpH and PmpI respectivelyThe prevalence was highest for anti-Pmp B antibodies and lowest for anti-Pmp D antibodies.There was no significant difference in the positivity rate of anti-Pmp antibodies between persistent infection group and negativeconversion group.Conclusions Anti-Pmp antibodies could be generated in patients infected with C. trachomatis.The immunogenicity of different Pmps is different,and the immunoprotective activity of Pmps is rather weak.Individual differences exist in serum anti-Pmp antibodies among patients.Nine types of Pmps are expressed in patients with urogenital C. trachomatis infection.

ObjectiveTo study the effect of a recombinant plasmid encoding mouse interleukin 2 (mlL-2) on the immunogenicity of DNA vaccine against Chlamydia trachomatis(Ct) serovar E.Methods BALB/c mice were divided into 4 groups to be intramuscularly inoculated with blank plasmid(negative control group),DNA vaccine against Ct serovar E(DNA vaccine group),DNA vaccine against Ct serovar E and a recombinant plasmid containing mIL-2(combination group),and inactivated Ct serovar E elementary bodies (positive control group),respectively.The immunological effects were evaluated by posterior foot pad thickness,proliferation level of spleen lymphocytes,serum level of IL-4 and interferon (IFN)-γ in mice,and the capability to clear Ct genital tract infection.ResultsThe proliferation index of spleen lymphocytes in the combination group and positive control group was similar(3.64 ± 0.41 vs.3.77 ± 0.34),but was significantly different from that in the blank control group and DNA vaccine group (1.37 ± 0.21 and 2.52 ± 0.30).The serum level of IL-4 was(38.49 ± 12.24) pg/ml in the positive control group,significantly higher than in the negative control group,DNA vaccine group and combination group ((25.37 ± 18.93),(24.75 ± 8.49),(21.74 ± 6.43) pg/ml,respectively).With respect to the serum level of IFN-γ,the combination group and positive control group were similar ((1923.3 ± 518.1) pg/ml vs.(2712.5 ± 887.2) pg/ml),but were significantly different from the negative control group and vaccine group((310.8 ± 160.7) pg/ml and(601.3 ± 357.9) pg/ml).Six days after Ct challenge,the exfoliated cells from genital tract were positive for Ct culture in the negative control group,but negative in the other 3 groups.ConclusionIL-2 genetic adjuvant can enhance the immune response,especially Th1 type response,induced by the DNA vaccine against Ct serovar E.

French hospital administrators have undergone several changes to meet the needs of economic and social development,resulting in the pattern of hospital administration by both the central government and regional organizations.This paper made descriptions and analysis of the French hospital administrators and came up with the following insights:Making public hospitals as the main health service provider benefits provision of public services; public and private hospitals can jointly meet public service needs under government regulation; the government should focus on controlling health care resources;medical service system needs an overall policy guidance; hospital management organizations should streamline in the reform.

Objective To investigate the effects of low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) applied to the supplementary motor area (SMA) of children with Tourette's syndrome (TS). Methods Thirty TS subjects less than 16 years old were treated with 1 Hz rTMS to the SMA at 110％ of the resting motor threshold (RMT) in 20 daily sessions,receiving 1200 pulses/day.Clinical assessment and physiological measures of the left and right RMT were conducted at different time points during the treatment. ResultsAfter 4 weeks of treatment,statistically significant reductions were observed in assessments with the Yale global tic severity scale (YGTSS) and in terms of clinical global impression (CGI).Symptomatic improvement was correlated with dramatic increases in both right and left RMTs. ConclusionApplication of 1 Hz rTMS to the SMA can improve the clinical symptoms of TS children.

Objective To study cellular immune responses induced by DNA vaccine against Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) serotype E. Methods BALB/c mice were divided into three groups to be intramuscularly immunized by blank plasmid (negative control group), DNA vaccine against Ct serotype E (vaccine group), and inactivated Ct elementary body (positive control group), respectively. Two weeks after the last immunization,delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response was evaluated; MTT assay was performed to detect the proliferation of spleen lymphocytes, ELISA to measure the serum level of interferon-γin mice. Some immunized mice underwent a genital challenge with Ct elementary body followed by isolation of Ct from exfoliated epithelial cells in genital tract and pathological examination of cervical tissue from the challenged mice. Results Compared to negative control group, vaccine group and positive control group experienced a stronger DTH response.The lymphocyte stimulating index and serum level of IFN-γwere highest in the positive control group (3.81 ±0.30, 2891.7 ± 1048.8 μg/L), followed by vaccine group (2.35 ± 0.25, 593.3 ± 342.6 μg/L) and negative control group (1.48 ± 0.15, 309.2 ± 157.9 μg/L), and significant difference was observed between the three groups (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01 ). After Ct challenge, Ct was isolated from exfoliated epithelial cells and cervical tissue was damaged in the negative control group, while in the other two groups, Ct was undetected and genital tract tissue was intact. Conclusions The DNA vaccine against Ct serotype E could induce Ct-specific cellular immune responses to some extent, and offer a protection against vaginal challenge with Ct.

As an exposing part of the human body,facial surface is easy to be injured in our daily lives.With the increase of living standards,the patients have an ever more urgent require for aesthetic treatment for the medical and plastic surgical treatment for the exposing parts of body,especially for the facial surface.But we found in the clinical work some aesthetic treatment were not satisfying,and some patients even needed a second restitution.We have analyzed the reasons for this phenomenon and proposed some corresponding solving methods.