OBJECTIVETo observe the changes of surface morphology and temperature of dental pulp cavity in vitro after irradiated by Er:YAG laser with different energy and irradiation time.

METHODSAll of the 96 samples from 24 teeth in vitro were collected from dental clinical departments then divided into two groups (group A and group B) randomly. We chose the energy of 20 Hz, and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 W to treat the samples in group A and group B and the irradiation time was 10s or 20s. We recorded the temperature changes of dental pulp cavity by digital thermometer and observe the morphology of tooth enamel by scanning electron microscope (SEM).

RESULTSWith the extension of irradiation time and increasing of energy, the temperatures of dental pulp cavity were significantly increased after the treatment of Er: YAG laser. The two groups of tooth enamel surface morphology were changed after irradiated by Er: YAG laser with different energy and irradiation time. However, there was no melting and carbonation on the surface of tooth enamel after the treatment of Er:YAG laser in two groups.

CONCLUSIONThe temperatures of dental pulp cavity were increased after irradiated by increasing laser energy density fom 1 W to 6 W. No melting or carbonized phenomenon was found in enamel within the energy of 1 W to 6 W. All the data would provide evidences for clinical treatment of cavity.

Dental Caries ; Dental Enamel ; Dental Pulp Cavity ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Lasers ; Lasers, Solid-State ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Temperature

Objective To investigate the multivariate analysis of renal parenchymal elastic changes in diabetic and the value of virtual touch quantization ( VTQ ) techniques in the diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy . Methods According to urinary albumin excretion rate( UAER) ,72 cases of diabetics were divided into 3 groups:the normal albuminuria group ( UAER<30 mg/24 h) 16 cases ,the trace albuminuria group(30 mg/24 h< UAER< 300 mg/24 h) 30 cases and the mass albuminuria group ( UAER > 300 mg/24 h) 26 cases . And 50 healthy volunteers were selected as the control group . The basic clinical data of subjects were collected ,routine laboratory tests were detected ,and VTQ was used to measure the left renal parenchymal shear wave velocity ( SWV ) ,then the statistical software was applied to analyze these data . Results The left renal parenchymal SWV in the control group ,the normal albuminuria group ,the trace albuminuria group and the mass albuminuria group increased in turn ,respectively ( 2 .01 ± 0 .22 ) m/s , (2 .20 ± 0 .22) m/s ,(2 .51 ± 0 .42) m/s ,(2 .88 ± 0 .32) m/s ,the difference among 4 groups was statistically significant( P <0 .05) . Multiple linear regression analysis showed that SWV ( Y) had linear relationship with duration of diabetes(X1 ) ,left renal parenchymal thickness(X2 ) and serum creatinine(X3 ) ,and the regression equation was Y = 2 .719 + 0 .043 X1 -0 .051 X2 + 0 .002 X3 . In addition ,SWV was positively correlated with the duration of diabetes and serum creatinine ,and negatively correlated with the left renalparenchymal thickness . Conclusions There is correlation between the left renal parenchymal SWV andduration of diabetes ,left renal parenchymal thickness and serum creatinine ,and the left renal parenchymal SWV increases as the renal injury aggravating . VTQ has a certain reference value to judge the degree of early renal damage in diabetics .

Objective To explore the feasibility of the promoting effect of ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction(UTMD) on establishment of type Ⅰ diabetic nephropathy in rats.Methods Forty male SD rats were randomly and equally divided into four groups(n =10):control group(group A),streptozocin group(group B),streptozocin and ultrasound microbubble group(group C) and streptozocin and UTMD group(group D).The fasting blood-glucose (FBG) were tested,the 24 h's urine were collected and the 24 h's urine mieroalbumin(mAlb) were measured and then urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER) were calculated twice a week at fixed time in all groups.When greater than 3-fold increase in UAER compared with controls at the same age and gender,the diabetic nephropathy model in rats was considered to be established successfully,then the change of time and weighed were recorded and rats were killed and collected the blood of left atrial appendage to measure,blood urea nitrogen (BUN),serum creatinine (SCr) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT).The left kidneys were weighted and then observed glomerular pathological changes under light microscope and detected the expression of CD34 in kidney of rats in each group by immunohistochemical method.Results ①The time of establishing diabetic nephropathy model in group D was obviously shorter than that in group B and C (all P ＜ 0.05).The FBG,the kidney index,UAER,BUN and Scr values in group B,C and D were significantly higher than those in group A(all P ＜0.05),but ALT had no significant change among each groups(all P ＞0.05).②The pathological changes of diabetic nephropathy appeared in rats of group B,C and D;the expression of CD34 in B,C and D groups were raised.Conclusions UTMD can obviously shorten the molding time of type Ⅰ diabetic nephropathy rats,which has feasibility.

Objective To explore the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)in the assessment of diabetic microangiopademia through evaluating microcirculation perfusion of triceps surae muscle by CEUS.Method Totally 51 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)admitted in our hospital between August 2020 and January 2023 were collected,including 15 pure T2DM patients and 36 T2DM patients complicated with microcirculatory disturbance(T2DM+CM).Each patient's hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)were recorded.After getting enhanced intensity(PI-BI)and regional peak time(TTP-AT)by CEUS,comparative analysis between groups was conducted.Results The levels of HbA1c and HOMA-IR in T2DM+CM group were higher than those in pure T2DM group(P<0.05).TTP-AT in T2DM+CM group were longer than that in pure T2DM group of all muscles musculi gastrocnemii(MG),laterale musculi gastrocnemi(LG),soleus(SOL)and triceps surae muscle's junction region)(P<0.05).The TTP-AT of SOL was longest in both groups,followed by LG,and MG(P<0.05).The PI-BI had no significant difference among MG,LG and SOL in pure T2DM group.The PI-BI of MG was higher than that of SOL in the T2DM+CM group(P<0.05).TTP-AT of triceps surae muscle's junction region had significant positive association with both HbA1c and HOMA-IR(P<0.05).Conclusion The TTP-AT of triceps surae muscle measured by CEUS is a new indicator for evaluating microangiopathopathy in T2DM patients.