The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of diosmin in diabetic neuropathy in type 2 diabetic rats.

Epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma (EIMS) is an aggressive subtype of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) harboring anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene fusions and is associated with high risk of local recurrence and poor prognosis. Herein, we present a young, non-smoking male who presented with complaints of cough and dyspnoea and was found to harbor a large right lower lobe lung mass. Biopsy showed a high-grade epithelioid to rhabdoid tumor with ALK and desmin protein expression. The patient initially received 5 cycles of crizotinib and remained stable for 1 year; however, he then developed multiple bony metastases, for which complete surgical resection was performed. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of EIMS, with ALK gene rearrangement demonstrated by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Postoperatively, the patient is asymptomatic with stable metastatic disease on crizotinib and has been started on palliative radiotherapy. EIMS is a very rare subtype of IMT that needs to be included in the differential diagnosis of ALKexpressing lung malignancies in young adults.

OBJECTIVEThe present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of diosmin in diabetic neuropathy in type 2 diabetic rats.

METHODSType 2 diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg) and high-fat diet. Four weeks after the confirmation of diabetes, diabetic rats were treated with diosmin (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) for next 4 weeks. Rats were evaluated for biochemical, behavioral and oxidative stress parameters. Eddy's hot plate and tail immersion test were performed on 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th weeks of experiment to assess thermal hyperalgesia and cold allodynia respectively. Further, the walking function test was performed for assessing the motor responses at the end of the treatment schedule.

RESULTSRats were fed with high-fat diet throughout the experiment schedule and administration of low-dose streptozotocin induced significant elevation in blood glucose level and insulin resistance which was confirmed by oral glucose tolerance test. Treatment with diosmin at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg significantly restored the reduced body weight, elevated blood sugar and lipid profiles. Further the dose-dependent improvement was observed in thermal hyperalgesia, cold allodynia and walking function in diabetic rats treated with diosmin. Elevated levels of malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide and decreased glutathione levels and superoxide dismutase activity in diabetic rats were restored significantly after the 4 weeks of diosmin treatment.

CONCLUSIONDiosmin has shown beneficial effect in preventing the progression of early diabetic neuropathy in rats.

Animals ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Cholesterol ; metabolism ; Citrus ; chemistry ; Diabetic Neuropathies ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Diosmin ; administration & dosage ; Glutathione ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Plant Extracts ; administration & dosage ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Adansonia digitata L. (Malvaceae) is commonly known as baobab tree native to Africa. Baobab is a multi-purpose tree which offers protection and provides food, clothing and medicine as well as raw material for many useful items. The fruit pulp, seeds, leaves, flowers, roots, and bark of baobab are edible and they have been studied by scientists for their useful properties. The fruit pulp have very high vitamin C, calcium, phosphorus, carbohydrates, fibers, potassium, proteins and lipids content, which can be used in seasoning as an appetizer and also make juices. Seeds contain appreciable quantities of phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, sodium, iron, manganese, whereas they have high levels of lysine, thiamine, calcium and iron. Baobab has numerous biological properties including antimicrobial, anti-malarial, diarrhoea, anaemia, asthma, antiviral, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities amongst others. Phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of flavonoids, phytosterols, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals. The review summarizes the information on various aspects of traditional information, taxonomic description, medicinal properties and importantly nutritional value.