Objective To investigate the changes of T cell subsets VCS caused by different syndrome types in patients with Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB). Methods A total of 116 samples were enrolled in the study, which were divided into 3 groups:43 CHB patients of liver depressions and spleen deficiency type, 38 of damp-heat type and 35 of blood stasis type. 48 healthy people were also included as normal control. ALT, WBC, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+, MLV, MLV-SD, MLC, MLC-SD, MLS and MLS-SD of the 4 groups were tested and analyzed. Results ALT, CD8+, MLV, MLV-SD, MLC-SD and MLS-SD of CHB patients of liver depression and spleen deficiency type, damp-heat type and blood stasis type were significantly increased compared with normal group (P<0.05), however, WBC, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+, MLC and MLS were decreased apparently (P<0.05). CD8+, MLV-SD, MLC-SD, MLS and MLS-SD were significantly different between damp-heat type and liver depressions and spleen deficiency type (P<0.05). ALT, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+, MLV, MLV-SD, MLC-SD and MLS were distinct between damp-heat type and blood stasis type (P<0.05). Conclusion T cell subsets and VCS parameters were varied in different CHB syndrome types, suggesting that correlations exited a-mong T cell subsets, VCS parameters and syndrome type of CHB, which may provide useful information for Chinese medicine dialectical sub-typing of CHB.