Objective To investigate the effects of enteral nutrition (EN) for diabetes mellitus on the clinical outcomes of critically ill patients with hyperglycemia.Methods Sixty-four critically il1 patients with hyperglycemia were randomly divided into the control group and intervention group.The control group was given homemade homogenized meals and the study group was given EN for diabetes mellitus.Both were given the same total energy and nitrogen content.EN was applied 3 days after ICU admission and then lasted 14 days.Blood glucose was controled at 6.1-8.5 mmol/L by insulin therapy.No albumin,blood plasma,or parenteral nutrition was provided to all patients.The lactulose mannitol ratio,biochemical indicators,total insulin dosage,and short-term and longterm outcomes were analyzed before and after EN support.The quality of life was evaluated using Stroke Specific Quality of Life Scale.Results Finally 59 patients were enrolled in the study,with 30 in the intervention group and 29 in the control group.The lactulose mannitol ratios in the intervenion group were significantly lower than those in the control group 7 days (0.221 ±0.117 vs.0.299 ±0.154,t =-2.199,P =0.032) and 14 days (0.169 ±0.122 vs.0.305 ±0.129,t =-4.191,P =0.000) after EN support.Meanwhile,the total insulin dosages were also significantly less in the intervention group [7 days,(195 ± 54) vs.(227 ± 60) U ; t =-2.096,P =0.041 ;14 days,(392 ±114) vs.(459 ±118) U; t =-2.221,P =0.030].Compared with the control group,the intervention group had significantly shorter duration of mechanical ventilation [(8.00 ± 1.75) d vs.(6.73 ±2.05) d,t=-2.547,P=0.014] and ICU stay[(10.00±1.95) vs.(8.80±2.17) d,t=-2.233,P=0.030],lower total hospitalization expenses [(56 238.39 ± 17 869.61) vs.(70 395.63 ±20 111.69) Yuan,t =-2.861,P =0.006],and faster recovery of daily activities [(17.59 ± 3.21) vs.(35.34 ± 8.65) scores,t =10.030,P =0.000] and living quality of life [(22.67 ± 4.51) vs.(40.55 ± 8.88) scores,t =9.397,P =0.000] after 90 days of treatment.Conclusion The EN for diabetes mellitus may improve the outcomes of critically ill patients with hyperglycemia compared with blend diet.

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of transcription profiles of mouse thymus gene expression in different times after 6 Gy γ-irradiation.Methods High-flux cDNA microarray technique was used irradiation,the numbers and types of differentially expressed genes were gradually decreased,for instance,the induced differential expression genes were involved in cell cycle,immunity and stress,apeptosis,signal transduction,transcription regulation,DNA synthesis and recombination,cystoskeleton,ion channel and transportation,metabolism,protein translation and synthesis,development and cell differentiation,etc.correlated cell cycle(3 up-regulating:Cyclin G,Anxal,Fgf1 and 2 down-regulating:Cdc2a,Cdc25b),5 genes correlated immune stress(4 up-regulating:IL-18,Casp1,IL-15,IL-7 and 1 down-regulating:Cd28),7 genes correlated apoptosis(4 up-regulating:Caspl,Anxal,Perp,IL-7 and 3 down-regulating:Pten,Api5 and Fas).Conclusions After 6 Gy irradiation,differentially expressed genes in mouse thymus is not only involved in many targets,levels and pathways,but also displayed an obvious difference in times.This reveals the regular pattern of differential expression genes in the process of injury and reconstitution in moderate dose irradiated mouse thymus.

OBJECTIVETo study the possibility of hyaluronic acid as densifier of Shuanguangliao eye-drops.

METHODThe factors related with hyaluronic acid s viscosity, such as pH-value and storing temperature, are tested in this experiment. At the same time, we checked the stimulation, stability of the densifier.

RESULTThere was not effect on viscosity of pH-value and storing temperature. No stimulation on the eye was found after densified with hyaluronic acid. The viscosity properties of hyaluronic acid are stablile.

CONCLUSIONThe hyaliuronic acid added to Shuanghuanglian eye-drops are stabiliable and it can be applied in eye-drops. The increased viscosity is benefit to extend the residence time of drug in eye.

Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; Eye ; drug effects ; Female ; Hyaluronic Acid ; pharmacology ; toxicity ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Male ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rabbits ; Temperature ; Viscosity ; drug effects

Adult ; Female ; Fetus ; abnormalities ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, First ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal ; Young Adult

Oligodendrocyte(OL)are myelinating cell of the central nervous system(CNS)and its loss or disfunction will cause demyelination diseases.White matter disease are a group of demyelination diseases that often occur in preterm infants.There are no effective treatments for these diseases currently, and cell transplantation is a promising treatment.Oligodendrocyte precursor cell(OPC)have the ability to proliferate, migrate, and differentiate into OL, making them an ideal cell type for transplantation.In recent years, with the understanding of OPC development and lineage specification, the processes to gain OPC from pluripotent stem cells through direct differentiation or somatic cells through reprogramming have achieved, which promoted the pre-clinical studies of OPC transplantation.In this paper, the OPC development in vivo, differentiation in vitro and transplantation were introduced.

Objective To understand the status of HIV sexual transmission among HIV- sero-discordant spouses and HIV-sero-accordant spouses in Yunnan province,to discuss the related factors and to provide evidence for HIV prevention and control strategy.Methods Five places with serious epidemic and 3 moderate ones were voluntarily,randomly selected.According to time sequence,300 spouses (600 people) with stable marriage were interviewed with questionnaire.Results HIV-sero-accordant spouses occupied for 40.7％ of the total spouses under survey,with the others were HIV-sero-discordant ones.Among the ones that had already been diagnosed in the families,sexual transmission was their main mode of transmission,which was accounted for 68.3％,followd by IDU as 19.7％.After disclosed the HIV test outcomes to their spouses,63.4％ HIV-sero-discordant spouses and 47.0％ HIV-sero-accordant ones changed their sexual behaviors.The rates of consistent condom use among the HIV-sero-discordant spouses increased from 16.8％ to 95.0％,and in HIV-sero-accordant spouses increased from 8.2％ to 60.9％.Data were analyzed by multi-factor logistic regression.Factors on influencing the sexual transmission in spouses would include condom use,frequency of sexual contacts and sexual transmission disease (STD) status etc.Conclusion The main transmission mode for the first HIV infected spouse was sexual transmission.Factors influencing sexual transmission in spouses would include condom use,frequency of sexual contacts,STD situation and husband was the first one being infected in the families,etc.Disclosure of the HIV results to the spouses could make a significant changes in the frequencies of sexual contact as well as the rate of condom use.

Objective:To investigate the influence of Portulaca extracts on H1R,PAR-2 and TRPV1 in skins of rats and the regulation mechanism of H1R,PAR-2/TRPV1 itch signal pathway with atopic eczema.Methods:30 SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group,model group and Porulaca group,each group contained 10 rats.In addition to the normal group,2,4-dinitrochloro-benzene was used on the rest of group for making rat model with atopic eczema.After the success of the model manufacture,each group was given corresponding drugs.After the last administration,EASI was evaluated.The levels of H1R,PAR-2 and TRPV1 in rats skins were detected by immunohistochemical method.Ca2+concentration was analyzed by flow cytometry.Results: Compared with normal control group,EASI(P<0.01),the levels of H1R(P<0.05) and PAR-2(P<0.01),and Ca2+concentration(P<0.01) of rats in model group were significantly increased.The levels of TRPV1 were not increased obviously (P>0.05).Compared with model group,EASI (P<0.01),the levels of H1R(P<0.01) and PAR-2(P<0.01),and Ca2+concentration(P<0.05) of rats in Porulaca group were sig-nificantly reduced,and the levels of TRPV1 were not decreased obviously(P>0.05).Conclusion:Purslane could reduce the levels of H1R,PAR-2 and Ca2+concentration to treat the acute eczema.The mechanism may be to lose the activation of downstream molecule TRPV1 and reduce the inflow of Ca2+by reducing the levels of upstream molecules H1R and PAR-2,then to achieve the effect of anti itch.

This study was purposed to summarize the clinical characteristics and laboratorial data of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) in pediatric patients in order to enhance understanding this disease in diagnosis and therapy. A rare case of BPDCN in children was enrolled in this study. The blood routine test, examination of bone marrow cell morphology, histopathology and immunophenotype of the skin lesions were performed and analysed, the single cell suspensions of the biopsied skin mass were detected by flow cytometry. The results showed that tumor cells expressed CD4, CD56, CD43 and CD123, while not expressed CD19, CD20, CD3, CD8, CD13, CD11b and myeloperoxidase (MPO). According to the clinical and laboratorial features and the results from histopathological and immunophenotype examinations, BPDCN was confirmed. It is concluded that BPDCN in children is an extremely rare hematopoietic malignancy with presenting a rapidly and fatally aggressive clinical course. The diagnosis of this disease is mainly based on the clinical presentations, pathologic and immunohistochemical features. BPDCN is a highly aggressive disease, its prognosis is very poor, its pathogenesis remans still unclear. A standard treatment protocol for BPDCN has not yet been established.
Adolescent ; Dendritic Cells ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; Humans ; Male ; Skin Neoplasms ; Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia

BACKGROUNDDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness among the people of occupational age. To prevent the progress of retina injury, effective therapies directed toward the key molecular target are required. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts (GSPE) have been reported to be effective in treating diabetic complications, while little is discussed about the functional protein changes.

METHODSWe used streptozotocin (STZ) to induce diabetes in rats. GSPE (250 mg/kg body weight per day) were administrated to diabetic rats for 24 weeks. Serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) were determined. Consequently, 2-D difference gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were used to investigate retina protein profiles among control, STZ-induced diabetic rats, and GSPE treated diabetic rats.

RESULTSGSPE significantly reduced the AGEs of diabetic rats (P < 0.05). Moreover, GSPE significantly suppressed the vascular lesions of central regions, decreased capillary enlargements and neovascularization, similar to those of the control rats under light microscope. Eighteen proteins were found either up-regulated or down-regulated in the retina of STZ-induced diabetic rats. And seven proteins in the retina of diabetic rats were found to be back-regulated to normal levels after GSPE therapy. These back-regulated proteins are involved in many important biological processes such as heat shock, ubiquitin-proteasome system, cell proliferation, cell growth and glucose metabolism.

CONCLUSIONSThese findings might promote a better understanding for the mechanism of DR, and provide novel targets for evaluating the effects of GSPE therapy.

Animals ; Blood Glucose ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ; Glycated Hemoglobin A ; metabolism ; Glycation End Products, Advanced ; metabolism ; Grape Seed Extract ; Male ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Proanthocyanidins ; pharmacology ; Proteomics ; methods ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo understand epidemiologic characteristics and changes in epidemic trend of human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in different areas and populations of Yunnan Province.

METHODSSeroepidemiological studies were conducted in injection drug users (IDUs), women sex workers, whoring goers, patients with sexually transmitted disease (STD), patients with tuberculosis, pregnant women and blood donors with sentinel surveillance, ad hoc investigations, regular case-finding and data collection during 1989 to 2003 in Yunnan Province.

RESULTSRelatively high prevalence of HIV/AIDS was firstly found in IDUs from border areas of the province in 1989. By December of 2003, totally 14 905 cases with HIV infection were reported in 121 counties of 16 prefectures in Yunnan Province. Prevalence of HIV infection ranged from 21.2% to 27.8% in IDUs, over 40% in IDUs from six areas, and 1.23% to 6.67% and 0.3% to 1.8% in underground prostitutes and whoring goers, respectively. Prevalence of HIV infection was 2.1% to 2.7%, 10.8% in specific areas, in male patients with STD, and was 0.14% to 0.25% in pregnant women during 1993 to 2002 and increased to 0.37% in 2003. Prevalence of HIV infection ranged 1.5% to 1.6% in patients with tuberculosis and 0.01% in blood donors during 1999 to 2000 and increased to 0.07% in 2003.

CONCLUSIONSEpidemic of HIV infection began in late 1980s in Yunnan, then spread from border areas to inland through IDUs, maintaining a higher prevalence in them to date. Sexual transmission of HIV/AIDS showed an increasing trend in them, with a low prevalence in general population, but appeared a wide spread in local areas.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; epidemiology ; Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; HIV Seroprevalence ; HIV-1 ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Risk-Taking ; Sentinel Surveillance ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; epidemiology ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous ; complications ; epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires