Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 2C (UBE2C)is involved in cell cycle progression,mitosis regulation and targeted degradation of short-lived proteins.UBE2C is the cancer-related ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme,which is significantly higher in breast cancer tissues compared to the adjacent normal tissue.The abnormal expression of UBE2C participates in the process of occurrence,development and metastasis of breast cancer by the regulation of cell cycle progression,C-erbB-2,cell apoptosis factors and metastasis related genes. It will provide reference for the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer.

OBJECTIVEThis study aims to investigate the effects of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and calcium hydroxide on proliferation and differentiation of human pulp cells from primary and permanent teeth.

METHODSCell proliferation was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The mRNA expression levels of dentinogenesis-related factors, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), and odontoclastogenesis-related factors, such as osteo- protegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), were determined by real time polymerase chain reac- tion (PCR).

RESULTSPrimary and permanent pulp cells treated with calcium hydroxide exhibited significantly lower proli- feration rates than the control cells (P<0.01). By contrast, the MTA-treated group showed significantly higher proliferation rates than the control group (P<0.01). Real time PCR results showed that calcium hydroxide-treated primary pulp cells exhi- bited significantly decreased ALP, DSPP, and OPG expression compared with the control group (P<0.01). Conversely, the MTA-treated group displayed significantly increased ALP, DSPP, and OPG expression (P<0.01). Calcium hydroxide-treated primary pulp cells also exhibited significantly upregulated RANKL expression (P < 0.01); by contrast, MTA-treated cells did not show any change in RANKL expression (P>0.05). Likewise, MTA-treated permanent pulp cells showed significantly upregulated ALP and DSPP expression (P < 0.01). However, the calcium hydroxide-treated group remained almost the same as the control group (P > 0.05). Neither MTA nor calcium hydroxide affected OPG and RANKL expression in per- manent pulp cells (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONMTA is more suitable as a pulp-capping agent, particularly in primary teeth, than calcium hydroxide.

Aluminum Compounds ; Calcium Compounds ; Calcium Hydroxide ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Dental Pulp ; Dentition, Permanent ; Drug Combinations ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins ; Humans ; Oxides ; Phosphoproteins ; Sialoglycoproteins ; Silicates

Antigens, CD19 ; analysis ; Asthma ; blood ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Male ; Receptors, IgE ; analysis

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Melanoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Neurocutaneous Syndromes ; diagnosis ; pathology

Seven compounds were isolated from fermentation extract of cave-derived Metarhizium anisopliae NHC-M3-2 by silica gel, semi-preparative HPLC and other chromatographic methods. Their structures were elucidated by UV, IR, MS and NMR methods as 2,3-dehydroindigotide G (1), (-)-regiolone (2), naphtho-γ-pyrone (3), indigotide G (4), indigotide B (5) destruxin A (6) and destruxin B (7). Compound 1 is a new glycoside naphthopyranone compound. The anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity of these compounds was evaluated. The EC₅₀ and CC₅₀ of compound 3 against HBV were 4.5 μmol·L^-1 and 92.3 μmol·L^-1, respectively. This is the first report of the antiviral activity of compound 3.

Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a highly effective anti-tumor method. However, when laser radiation was used to ablate tumors, it usually triggers a series of inflammatory reactions, promoting the further development of tumors and affecting the effect of anti-tumor therapy. Therefore, it is an effective method to improve the anti-tumor effect by suppressing the inflammatory response through the precise targeted delivery of anti-inflammatory drug while realizing the photothermal treatment of tumors. To this end, the redox-responsive linker 3,3'-dithiodipropionic acid was used to bond the classic hydrophobic anti-inflammatory drug 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18β-GA) and the hydrophilic fragment methoxy-polyethylene glycol (mPEG-NH₂) to obtain redox-responsive amphiphilic polymer PEG-DA-GA in this study. Then, photothermal agent IR-780 was encapsulated to prepare redox-responsive polymer micelle PDG/IR-780 NPs. The PDG/IR-780 NPs exhibited uniform particle size of 80.2 ± 5.3 nm and the polydispersity index (PDI) was 0.215 ± 0.079. All animal experiments followed the ethical requirements formulated by the Ethics Committee of Sichuan University. The results showed that PDG/IR-780 NPs could respond to the abundant glutathione (GSH) in tumor cells to promote the disintegration of nanoparticle and the release of 18β-GA, thus significantly improved the killing efficiency on 4T1 cells, when compared with the non-redox-responsive control PSG/IR-780 NPs. When the concentration of 18β-GA was 50 μg·mL^-1, the cell viability of 4T1 cells in the PDG/IR-780 NPs group was only (19.29 ± 1.80) %, which was significantly lower than the result of in PSG/IR-780 NPs group (29.30 ± 1.37) %. The results of frozen sections of tumor tissues showed that the designed PDG NPs can promote the tumor-targeted distribution of drugs compared with the free drug group. Eventually, PDG/IR-780 NPs achieved wonderful anti-tumor efficacy on 4T1 triple-negative breast cancer model, revealing the new possibility of the combined therapy strategy of photothermal and anti-inflammatory therapy.

There are two types of cells in the central nervous systems (CNS) of mammals-neurons and glia. The structure and function of neurons have been thoroughly studied; while the role of glia in information processing has not been systematically studied because they cannot produce action potentials like neuron. During the past decades, glial cells were considered to play a supportive role in CNS instead of information processing. Recently, a variety of studies suggest that glial cells are actively involved in the regulation of brain function associated with neurons. Glial cells, especially astrocytes play important roles in different sensory processing. In the present article, we review the role of astrocytes in sensory processing in the CNS.
Animals ; Astrocytes ; cytology ; physiology ; Central Nervous System ; physiology ; Humans ; Sensation ; physiology ; Synapses ; physiology

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; adverse effects ; methods ; Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Hematoma ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Thyroid Nodule ; pathology ; Young Adult

Cause of Death ; Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea ; etiology ; mortality ; Head Injuries, Penetrating ; etiology ; mortality ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Sphenoid Sinus ; surgery

Adolescent ; Angiofibroma ; surgery ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Male ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Nose ; surgery ; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures ; methods