Objective To observe the effect of fluvastatin on the activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)1/2,expression of connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) in glomerular mesangial cells stimulated by high glucose,and explore the pathogenic mechanism of diabetic nephropathy(DN) and its early prevention and treatment.Methods The study consisted of two parts,the first part was to repeat the existing experienment of stimulatory effect of high glucose on mesangial cells,and validated that high glucose could up-regulated the expression of CTGF through stimulating ERK,and the change was unrelated with hypertonic conditions.There were five groups:①normal control group(NG);②high glucose group(HG);③mannitol group(MN);④NG+ERK inhibitor PD98059 group(NG+PD);⑤HG+ ERK inhibitor PD98059 group(HG+PD).The second part was to observe the changes of the expressions of CTGF protein and mRNA in mesangial cells at high glucose concentration before and after fluvastatin intervention.There were also five groups:①normal control group(NG);②high glucose group(HG);③normal glucose and fluvastatin group(NG+F);④high glucose + fluvastatin(HG+F);⑤high glucose + fluvastatin and mevalonic acid group(HG+F+M).The activity of ERK1/2 and the expressions of CTGF protein and mRNA in cultured glomerular mesangial cells stimulated by high glucose were detected with Western blotting and RT-PCR.The amount of fibronectin(FN) in the supernatant of cells was analyzed by ELISA.Intracellular total protein level was measured by Coomassie brilliant blue method.Results The first part showed that the activity of ERK1/2 and the expression of CTGF protein in HG were more higher than those in NG(P

Objective To investigate the role of TLR9 in the glomerulonephritis through observing the changes of Toll-like receptor 9 in the glomerulo nephritis kidney tissue with or without CpG-ODN stimulation .Methods Wistar male rats were randomly divided into normal group(N),nephritis model group(M),CpG-ODN group(CpG) and GpC-ODN group(GpC).The urine samples were collected at 2,4,6 and 8 weeks after treatment,respectively.Blood samples were collected at the end of the last urine sample was collected,and the kidney tissue was collected,then the rats were killed.24 h urine protein was measured by Coomassie light blue technique.Serum album and renal function were determined by serological method.The pathologic changes of kidney were observed by light microscope and NF-?B p65 expression was detected using immunohistochemystry,RT-PCR was performed to detect the expressions of TLR9,INF-? and IL-6 mRNA.Results The expression of TLR9 was lighter in group M,and significantly increased after CpG-ODN stimulation compared with group M.Furthermore,24 h urine protein excretion was markedly increased,serum album was markedly decreased.The histopathologic changes of kidney were more severe.The mesangial cells(MCs) proliferated diffusifully in midrange and wide range,some of the glomeruli formatted cellularity crescent,micrangium loop was limitted,mononuclear macrophile cells were seen in the mesangial region.Conclusion Inflammatory factors mediated by TLR9 can deteriorate the biochemical and histopathologic changes.The immunologic reaction mediated by TLR9 is one of the mechanisms for the glomerulonephtitis' progression.

Objective To explore the therapy measurement of iron deficiency anemia(IDA)associated helicobacter pylori(HP)infection among children.Methods Eight hundred and ninty nine cases entrusted children aged from 2 to 7 years old were measured hemoglobin(Hb),mean corpuscular volume(MCV)mean corpuscular hemoglobin(MCH),mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(MCHC)and serum ferri,serum fettin(SF),HP-IgG antibodies.Divided the HP-IgG positive cases into two groups for treatment,The treatment group adopted omeprazole,amoxicillin and metronidazole to cure them for two weeks,then oral ferrous sulfate sugar liquid.The contrast group purely take the ferrous sulfate sugar liquid.After eight weeks re-examined the Hb and SF.Results Totally 279 cases were diagnosed as Hp-positive,620 as HP-negative and 99 children diagnosed as IDA,among the 99 cases IDA,58 cases with HP infection(20.8%) and 41 cases with non-HP infection(6.7%).That means the number of IDA cases with HP infection was higher than those with non-HP infection(?2=39.46 P

Anemia, Iron-Deficiency ; etiology ; Antibodies, Bacterial ; blood ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Helicobacter Infections ; complications ; Helicobacter pylori ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Male

Objective To investigate the effect of long-distance referral on pressure injury in critically ill patients,and to explore the effectiveness of transport devices in reducing the risk of skin pressure injury.Methods Totally 97 patients hospitalized from July 2015 to June 2016 were enrolled as the subjects after long-distance referral,of whom,52 ones from July to December 2015 were selected into a control group applying common sponge mattress and the remained 45 ones from January to June 2016 were chosen into an experimental group using inflatable mattress during the referral.The two groups were compared after the referral on the incidence rates of pressure injury and its early symptoms.Results The experimental group had the incidence rate of early symptoms being 8.9％,which was statistically different from that (42.3％) in the control group (P=0.00,x2=13.73).The incidence rate of pressure injury was 6.7％ in the experimental group,which was significantly lower than that (34.6％) in the control group (P=0.000,Z=-7.849).Conclusion There is high risk for pressure injury during long-distance referral of critical patients,and proper transport device has to be involved in to lower the risk effectively.

Objective To find out falls and related conditions of patients in second grade hospitals in Chongqing.Methods Nursing directors and head nurses from 40 second grade hospitals in Chongqing were investigated. Micro excel was used to collect and analyze data.Results Patient falls was occurred in both 40 hospitals and the total cases were 81, 49 cases were elderly patients (60.49%), 35 cases had some distance injuries (43.21%) and 30 cases leaded to medical dispute (37.03%), 16 cases (19.75%) were sued and hospital paid more than 10,000RMB for every case. Conclusions Patient falls is common in second grade hospitals in Chongqing, the majority falls are happened in elderly patients. Patient falls is one of causes to bring on medical dispute .It is valid to do further study for patient fall risks assessment and take actions to prevent patient falls, especially for preventing elderly patient falls in second grade hospital in Chongqing.

Objective To improve the comprehensive competence of new nurses by organizing morning nursing visit in emergency rescue room.Methods Totals of 11 new nurses from July 2007 to July 2009 in emergence department were assigned to receive new training methods,such as choosing one or two critical cases from last day for making nursing patients ward rounds at 8am to 9am every day in emergency room,to discuss that whether the rescue measurement was effectively or timely,whether the rescue record was precise or comprehensive and whether the communication was effectively,otherwise,to explain related knowledge to the disease and the development of emergency care.Then compared with nurses who didn' t receive the new training.Results The theory score of new nurses was (67.8 ± 10.8 ) before receiving training and ( 81.2 ± 7.0)after receiving training,and the difference was statistically significant ( t =2.54,P ＜ 0.05 ).There was no significant difference in the operation score before and after training( P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusions It is an effective method to improve comprehensive competence of new nurses by organizing morning nursing ward round in emergency department.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the resistance of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) to antimicrobial agents in adolescents.

METHODSOne hundred and eight adolescents (6-18 years old) underwent a gastroscopy examination. H. pylori strains were isolated from gastric mucosa. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by means of Kirby-Baner.

RESULTSThirty-six H. pylori strains were identified. The resistant rate of H. pylori strains to clarithromycin, fruranzolidone and amoxicillin was 8.3%, 16.7% and 33.3%, respectively. H. pylori strains showed a high resistance to metronidazole (94.4%), while no strain was resistant to gentamicin and levofloxacin.

CONCLUSIONSThe H. pylori strains from the adolescents in Zhejiang showed a high resistance to metronidazole and amoxicillin but a low resistance to clarithromycin and fruranzolidone. All of H. pylori strains were susceptive to gentamicin and levofloxacin.

Adolescent ; Amoxicillin ; pharmacology ; Anti-Infective Agents ; pharmacology ; Child ; Clarithromycin ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Female ; Gastroscopy ; Helicobacter pylori ; drug effects ; Humans ; Levofloxacin ; Male ; Metronidazole ; pharmacology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Ofloxacin ; pharmacology

BACKGROUNDGinsenosides are main components extracted from ginseng, and ginsenoside Rg3 is one of the most important parts. Ginsenoside Rg3 has been found to inhibit several kinds of tumor growth and metastasis. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on human ovarian cancer metastasis and the possible mechanism.

METHODSThe experimental lung metastasis models of ovarian cancer SKOV-3 and the assay of tumor-induced angiogenesis were used to observe the inhibitory effects of Rg3 on tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. The effect of Rg3 on invasive ability of SKOV-3 cells in vitro was detected by Boyden chamber, and immunofluorescence staining was used to recognize the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) in SKOV-3 cells.

RESULTSIn the experimental lung metastasis models of ovarian cancer, the number of tumor colonies in the lung and vessels oriented toward the tumor mass in each ginsenoside Rg3 group, was lower than that of control group. The invasive ability and MMP-9 expression of SKOV-3 cells decreased significantly after treatment with ginsenoside Rg3.

CONCLUSIONSGinsenoside Rg3 can significantly inhibit the metastasis of ovarian cancer. The inhibitory effect is partially due to inhibition of tumor-induced angiogenesis and decrease of invasive ability and MMP-9 expression of SKOV-3 cells.

Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Ginsenosides ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; prevention & control ; secondary ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; Mice ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; prevention & control ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology

BACKGROUNDGinsenoside Rg3, the main component isolated from ginseng, inhibits some kinds of tumour growth and angiogenesis. The combination of low dose chemotherapy and antiangiogenesis inhibitors suppresses growth of experimental tumours more effectively than conventional therapy. The effect of this combination on ovarian cancer remains to be evaluated. Therefore, we investigated the synergism of ginsenoside Rg3 and cyclophosphamide (CTX) on growth and angiogenesis of human ovarian cancer.

METHODSTwenty-eight female athymic mice were divided randomly into 4 groups of 7: ginsenoside Rg3, CTX, ginsenoside Rg3 and CTX combination and control, after being transplanted with ovarian cancer cells (SKOV-3). The mice were given intraperitoneal injection of ginsenoside Rg3 and CTX for the 10 days following inoculation of SKOV-3 cells. The life quality and number of living days of mice were recorded. The size of tumour, tumour inhibitive rate, life elongation rate, proliferating cell nuclear antigen labelling index (PCNALI), expression of vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) and microvessel density (MVD) of the tumour tissues were estimated.

RESULTSLife quality of mice in ginsenoside Rg3 and combined treatment groups were better and number of living days longer than control. Average tumour weights of each treated group were less than control and there was no significant difference among the treated groups. PCNALI of treated groups was lower than control. The MVD value and VEGF expression in treated groups were significantly lower than control and the MVD values of ginsenoside Rg3 and combined treatment groups were lower than that of CTX group.

CONCLUSIONSGinsenoside Rg3 significantly inhibited growth and angiogenesis of ovarian cancer when used alone or combined with CTX. Ginsenoside Rg3 and CTX combination reinforced the antitumour effect each other and improved the living quality and survival time of mice with tumour.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cyclophosphamide ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Ginsenosides ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mice ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; blood supply ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; analysis ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; analysis