OBJECTIVE To observe the antibacterial effect of the foot-ulcer-cure ointment a compound traditional chinese materia medica(TCMM) preparation manufatured on ulceration of(diabetic) rat,in order to give the basis for clinical treatment.METHODS The total(amount) of bacteria and amount of G~-bacteria and the quota of wound healing after the ointment given to the ulceration surface of(diabetic) rats were observed.RESULTS At the third and seventh day,the total amount of(bacteria) and amount of G~-bacteria of the experiment group were remarkably less than the first day and the control group;the speed rate of the wound healing was faster than the control one.CONCLUSIONS The foot-ulcer-care ointment of TCMM has excellent antibacterial functions to diabetic ulceration.It is worth for popularization.

Objective To explore the willingness of care and related influencing factors among caregivers of those 'left at hometown' children under 7 years in Chinese rural areas.Methods Questionnaires were used to survey caregivers (n=7585) who were identified by multi-stage stratified cluster sampling. Multi-factor ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to screen the influencing factors on the willingness of care among them. Results The percentage on 3.5% respectively in the group with single parent while 19.5%, 71.4% and 9.1% respectively in the group of both parents having left home. Data from the multi-factor ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that factors including the age of the caregiver, annual per capita income for caregivers'families, social connections and the length of children' s mother being absent, amount of fees for living provided by parent/parents, and the child' s age and lifestyle, being the only child or not, and the age of the child when the parent/parents left the residence etc, were related to the willingness of care of the givers. Conclusion Willingness of care calls for attention and urgent improvement.Influencing factors and measures need to be taken when necessary.

Objective To evaluate effectiveness of family support on foot care education in older patients with diabetes .Methods A quasi-experimental , interrupted time series with comparison group design was conducted.Finally, according to their level of family support 42 patients were assigned to the two groups .The patients in two groups received a 30 minutes education session individually , and one family member of each patient of the intervention group with high level of family support was educated at the same time .The Nottingham Assessment of Functional Foot care ( NAFF ) and The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support ( MSPSS ) were used to evaluate the effectiveness of education and the level of family support over time . Results There was no significant difference between the two groups before the two group of patients ( P >0.05).At the three and the six month of follow-up, the median scores of the intervention group were 66.91 and 68.19.The patients in the intervention group with high level of family support demonstrated a significant improvement in NAFF (Z =-2.782, -4.997, respectively;P <0.01).The intervention group indicated significantly better performance over time in MSPSS (χ2 =41.932,P=0.001), but it did not showed in control group (Z=1.228,P =0.874).Conclusions The family support enhanced effectiveness of education and sustained health foot care behavior .The findings of this study are important for nurses and diabetes educators to improve the teaching and improve foot care of the elderly with diabetes .

Objective:To observe and explore the clinical therapeutic effects of a self-developed novel low-temperature boric acid wet dressing on the face and neck wounds of patients with superficial burns.Methods:A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted. One hundred cases of superficial burn (sunburn) patients who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to Department of Dermatology of Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from October 2016 to June 2018, the course of sunburn was less than 15 days. According to the of random number table, the patients were divided into new dressing (ND) group (30 males and 20 females, aged (55±14) years) and conventional dressing (CD) group (28 males and 22 females, aged (59±12) years). Patients in ND group were treated with a self-developed new low-temperature boric acid wet dressing, and patients in CD group were treated with normal temperature boric acid solution wet dressing, 3 times a day. The Eczema area and severity index (EASI) score and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score of patients before and 14 days after treatment (patients discharged from hospital within 14 days were recorded on the day of discharge), the number of cured patients at 6, 8, 10, and 11 to 14 days after treatment, and the efficacy were compared between the patients in 2 groups. The nurse operators were investigated by self-made convenience questionnaire, and the time and convenience required of 2 dressings were compared. Data were statistically analyzed with independent sample t test or Mann-Whitey U test. Results:Before the treatment, the EASI and VAS score in those two groups showed no significantly difference ( t=1.576, 1.492, P>0.05). At 14 days after treatment, the EASI score (2.4±0.4) points in ND Group was significantly lower than (4.6±0.7) points in CD Group ( t=3.552, P<0.01); the VAS score (0.51±0.12) points in ND Group was significantly lower than (0.98±0.19) points in CD Group ( t=3.496, P<0.01). At 14 days after treatment, the cured time of sunburns in ND Group was significantly shorter than that in CD Group ( Z=-6.690, P<0.01); the treatment effects of ND Group showed better than that in CD Group ( Z=3.387, P<0.01). The time for nurses operating ND was significantly shorter than that in CD ( Z=-5.575, P<0.01); the nurses also believed the operation of ND was more convenient than CD ( Z=-4.304, P<0.01). Conclusions:Compared with that of CD, the application of ND can shorten the recovery time and improve the treatment efficiency. At the same time, the application of ND can significantly reduce the time of nursing operations, and the material is easy to use. This new material is worthy of clinical promotion for the treatment of superficial burns.

PURPOSE: G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER) probably play important roles in the progression of breast cancer including endocrine therapeutic resistance. We evaluated GPER in primary breast cancers. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect GPER in paraffin-embedded tissues of primary breast cancers from 423 patients and GPER expression was correlated with clinicopathological factors. RESULTS: GPER was expressed in 63.8% of specimens, coexpressed with estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) in 36.6% of tumors and was positive in 62.5% of the ERalpha-negative tumors. The expression of GPER had no relationship with the status of ERalpha, progesterone receptor and HER2. Although the expression of GPER was significantly inversely related with nodal status (p=0.045), no correlation between GPER expression and other clinicopathological variables (age, menstruation status, tumor size, stage, histologic grade, Nottingham Prognostic Index or pathological type) was found. CONCLUSION: GPER and ERalpha exhibited independent expression pattern of distribution in primary breast cancers. A long-term follow-up and a more definite molecular phenotype for ER are necessary in confirming studies.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Estrogen Receptor alpha ; Estrogens ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; GTP-Binding Proteins ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Menstruation ; Phenotype ; Receptors, Progesterone

This study is to investigate the anti-angiogenetic effect of arenobufagin in vitro and in vivo. The anti-proliferation effect of arenobufagin on CNE-2, Hep2, SH-SY5Y, LOVO, PC-3 and DU145 cells as well as human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was determined by MTT assay. Cell morphological changes of LOVO and HUVECs after arenobufagin treatment were observed by microscopy. Arenobufagin inhibited the proliferation of CNE-2, Hep2, SH-SY5Y, LOVO, PC-3, DU145 and HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, it was obviously observed that the subcytotoxic concentration of arenobufagin in human carcinoma cells induced a marked decrease in the viability of HUVECs. Chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model was used to detect the anti-angiogenetic effect of arenobufagin in vivo. Arenobufagin significantly suppressed the angiogenesis of CAM. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that G2/M phase was arrested and the sub-G1 peak appeared with the increase of arenobufagin concentration. PI/Annexin V double staining assay further demonstrated that arenobufagin could induce apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Mitochondrial potential collapse detected by flow cytometric analysis was increased after arenobufagin treatment. It also observed that PARP was cleaved to p85 active form by Western blotting. Taken together, arenobufagin has significant anti-angiogenetic effect in vitro and in vivo, and the action mechanisms behind its anti-angiogenesis may be associated with cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of vein endothelial cells.
Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; Bufanolides ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; Chick Embryo ; Chorioallantoic Membrane ; blood supply ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; Humans ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ; drug effects ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; prevention & control ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases ; metabolism

Objective To understand the prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis infection among residents in two communities of Zhongshan City,and evaluate the effect of albendazole treatment,so as to offer the evidence for formulating the strategy of clo-norchiasis prevention and control.Methods The stool specimens were collected from the residents of two comprehensive dem-onstration areas,and the eggs of C.sinensis were detected by Kato-Katz technique.Those who were tested positive were treated with albendazole(0.4,twice a day for 4 days in adults,and half dosage for children aged 16 years or below).Three weeks after the treatment,the stool specimens were recollected and retested to evaluate the effect. Results A total of 532 people were in-vestigated and 96 were tested positive,with an infection rate of 18.05%.The infection rate was 28.63%(69/241)in the males and 9.28%(27/291)in the females,and there was a significant difference between them(Χ2=334.99,P<0.01).The infection rate increased with the increase of the age(Χ2=63.84,P<0.01).Among the 96 positive residents,94 received the albendazole treatment,and 86 were retested after the treatment with a negative conversion rate of 91.86%(79/86).Of the 7 residents without the conversion,5 had irregular medication.No severe adverse reactions were reported during the period of treatment. Conclu-sions The infection rate of C.sinensis among residents in the two communities of Zhongshan City is high,especially among the males and aged people.The effect of albendazole is good in the treatment of C.sinensis infection.In the future,the general sur-vey and treatment should be strengthened in order to lower the infection rate.

Objective To explore the effects of estradiol on the telomerase activity and apoptosis of lens epithelial cells and its mechanisms.Methods Fifty adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups (n =10):ovariectomized group,estradiol group 1,estradiol group 2,estradiol group 3 and sham group.All rats were prepared for ovariectomized models except that of the sham group.After 2 weeks of the operation,rats in the 5 groups were given naphthalene solution through a stomach tube,and meanwhile,estradiol group 1,estradiol group 2,estradiol group 3 received estradiol valerate with the dose of 0.21 mg · kg-1 · d-1,0.42 mg · kg-1 · d-1 and 0.84 mg · kg-1 · d-1,accordingly,while rats in the ovariectomized group and sham group were given 9 g · L-1 Nacl by stomach perfusion with a dose of 0.42 mg · kg-1 ·d-1.Then,the opacity of the lens in each group was examined by a slit lamp microscope every week.After 12 weeks of naphthalene solution administration,all rats were sacririced and the serum estradiol concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay.Next,the lenses were taken out,and TERT mRNA expression of lens epithelial cells (LEC) was measured by RT-qPCR,and finally,the apoptotic rate was detected by TUNEL method.Results The opacity of lens in the ovariectomized group was different from that in the estradiol group 1,estradiol group 2,estradiol group 3 and sham group,with statistical significances (all P ＜ 0.05),and the opacity of lens in the estradiol group 1,2,3 and sham group were mild and occurred later.The serum estradiol concentration in the ovariectomized group (8.19 ± 1.45)ng · L-1 was significantly lower than that of estradiol groupl,2,3 and sham group,and there were significant differences (all P ＜ 0.05).Thc relative expression of TERT mRNA in LEC in the ovariectomized group (0.371 2-±0.056 4) was significantly lower than that in estradiol group 1,2,3,but the apoptotic rate of LEC (0.602 1 ±0.010 8) was obviously higher than that of estradiol group 1,2,3 in a dose-dependent manner,and there were significant differences (all P ＜ 0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed the relative expression of LEC TERT mRNA in rats was negatively correlated with the apoptosis rate(r =-0.859,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Estradiol can up-regulate TERT mRNA expression and enhance telomerase activity of LEC in naphthalene-induced ovariectomized female rats in a dose-dependent manner.Estradiol can inhibit the LEC apoptosis in naphthalene-induced ovariectomized female rats,and the mechanism may be related to the increase of telomerase activity in the LEC.

Objective To understand the status of HIV sexual transmission among HIV- sero-discordant spouses and HIV-sero-accordant spouses in Yunnan province,to discuss the related factors and to provide evidence for HIV prevention and control strategy.Methods Five places with serious epidemic and 3 moderate ones were voluntarily,randomly selected.According to time sequence,300 spouses (600 people) with stable marriage were interviewed with questionnaire.Results HIV-sero-accordant spouses occupied for 40.7％ of the total spouses under survey,with the others were HIV-sero-discordant ones.Among the ones that had already been diagnosed in the families,sexual transmission was their main mode of transmission,which was accounted for 68.3％,followd by IDU as 19.7％.After disclosed the HIV test outcomes to their spouses,63.4％ HIV-sero-discordant spouses and 47.0％ HIV-sero-accordant ones changed their sexual behaviors.The rates of consistent condom use among the HIV-sero-discordant spouses increased from 16.8％ to 95.0％,and in HIV-sero-accordant spouses increased from 8.2％ to 60.9％.Data were analyzed by multi-factor logistic regression.Factors on influencing the sexual transmission in spouses would include condom use,frequency of sexual contacts and sexual transmission disease (STD) status etc.Conclusion The main transmission mode for the first HIV infected spouse was sexual transmission.Factors influencing sexual transmission in spouses would include condom use,frequency of sexual contacts,STD situation and husband was the first one being infected in the families,etc.Disclosure of the HIV results to the spouses could make a significant changes in the frequencies of sexual contact as well as the rate of condom use.

Objective To understand the knowledge,risk behaviors and HIV prevalence in men who have sex with men (MSM) in thirteen cities.Methods Target samples were chosen using the snowball-rolling method,with transverse KABP and HIV-antibody testing developed for those MSM in thirteen cities of Yunnan.Results A total of 1237 valid questionnaires and 1129 blood samples were collected.Basic knowledge on HIV and the rate of the response was 93.2％.81.1％ of the respondents had anal sex with male parmers in the last six months,of them 49.7％ could persistently using condoms in each anal sex episode.29.0％ of the respondents had sex with female partners in the last six months.The HIV prevalence among the studied MSM was 8.2％ and the prevalence of syphilis among them was 3.9％.Most risky factors of those MSM infected by HIV would include:not persistently use condom when having sex and co-infection of syphilis.Conclusion Both rates of HIV infection associated risk behaviors and HIV prevalence were high in MSM under study that called for more work on HIV prevention and control MSM in Yunnan.