Objective To observe the expressions of bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2)and bone morphogenetie protein-7(BMP-7)in the synovial tissue of fluorosis rats and its correlation with pathogenic mechanism of fluorosis arthritis.Methods Thirty-two SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:the control group,low,moderate and high-dose fluoride group.The control group ate commou fodder.The low,moderate and high dose fluoride group were fed with fodder composed of 25%.35%and 68%of corn(containing fluorine of 148.00 mg/kg)in chronic endemic fluorosis region in Guizhou Province.After 140 days,the expressions of BMP-2 and BMP-7 protein were determined by immunohistochemistry and assayed the absorbanee by computer image-pattern analysis system.Light microscope was used to observe the synovial tissue by Hematoxin Eosin,and calculated the pathological integral of synovium according to pathological grade standard.Results The expressions of BMP-2 (32.50±2.73)and BMP-7(38.90±2.56)in the control group was spare.Compared with the control group,the expressions of BMP-2(59.43±5.12,79.82±6.41,101.76±7.56)and BMP-7(55.10±4.82,78.42±5.61,98.46± 6.05)in the synovial tissue was up-regulated in each experimental groups(P＜0.05),especially in the moderate dose and the high-dose groups(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group(0.54±0.21).the pathological integral of synovium increased(P＜0.05)in each experimental groups(1.04±0.98,4.69±1.28,8.60±2.07).The expressions of BMP-2 and BMP-7 in the synovial tissue was found to be positively related with the pathological integral of synovium(r=0.98,0.99,P＜0.05).Conclusion The BMP-2 and BMP-7 play an important role in the development of fluorosis arthritis,probably by affecting osteogenesis.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the related factors of neck recurrence and regularity of cervical lymph nodes metastasis of pathologically node positive (pN+) tongue squamous cell carcinoma(SCC) and explore the neck treatment strategy for pN+ tongue SCC.

METHODSClinical and follow-up data of 138 patients with pN+ oral tongue SCC from Jan. 1991 to Dec. 2008 were reviewed. Distribution of neck metastatic and recurrent lymph nodes were analyzed. The influencing factors of neck recurrence of pN+ tongue SCC were analyzed.

RESULTSAll patients were followed over two years or until death. Using Kaplan-Meier method, the 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates were 46.4% and 36.2% respectively. Two hundred and three levels of 138 patients had metastasis and the involvement frequency of ipsilateral I, II, III reached to 94.6%. Sixty-six levels of 47 patients had neck recurrences and the involvement frequency of ipsilateral I, II, III reached to 77.3%. pT stage, pN stage, pTNM stage, extracapsular spread (ECS) of cervical lymph nodes were relevant to the neck recurrence of pN+ tongue SCC (all P < 0.05). When ECS of cervical lymph nodes was present, the neck recurrence rate of patients with postoperative radiation was lower than patients without postoperative radiation, but P value failed to demonstrate significant difference (P = 0.076). There were no significant difference of neck recurrence rates between different neck dissection methods (P > 0.05). Multivariate Cox analysis showed that pTNM stage and ECS of cervical lymph nodes were the independent prognostic factors of pN+ oral tongue SCC.

CONCLUSIONSpT stage, pN stage, pTNM stage, ECS of cervical lymph nodes were the influencing factors of neck recurrence of pN+ tongue SCC. Postoperative radiation may reduce the neck recurrence rate when ECS was present. There was no difference of the neck recurrence rate between modified neck dissection (MRND) and radical neck dissection (RND) and when the non-lymphatic structures were not involved, MRND should attempted. Metastatic and recurrent lymph nodes of pN+ tongue SCC were mostly distributed in ipsilateral I, II, III level and selective neck dissection (SND) can be applied to pN+ tongue SCC.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplasm Staging ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To establish and evaluate criteria applied to review of complete blood counts (CBC)and differential results from automated hematology analyzers.Methods Temporary criteria were established by using alarm system of XE-2100 automated hematology analyzer and by consulting the 41 suggested rides of international consensus group.2 795 out-and in-patient samples were run as clinical samples.Stained blood films were prepared and manual differential with smear review were performed on all samples.Statistical analysis was done for each temporary rule and instrument flag which indicated abnormal cell quantity and morphology.Results Of all rules,instrument flags of ‘Immature Gran/Left Shift?’, ‘ Atypical Lympho?’and‘NRBC(nucleated red blood cell)?’showed most frequent false positive and false negative instrument flag.Evaluation on rnles about cell quantity change showed false positive and false negative rates were both low.Results of morphology evaluation showed that true positive rate was 17.44%, false positive rate was 15.82%,true negative rate was 63.49%,false negative rate was 3.25%.‘ Atypical Lymphocyte?’,‘Immature Gran?’and‘blast?’were the most frequent false positive flags.According to those results and clinicians opinions,our hematology review criteria for action following automated CBC and leukocytes differential was established.Conclusions The hematology review criteria have high true positive rate and low false negative rate.To clinical hematology laboratory using automated hematology analyzer,new criteria can reduce work load,bring lower false negative rate and higher work efficiency.

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of different dietary fatty acid on the expression of nuclear receptor genes in the breast cancer of rats.

METHODSFifty-day-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed on eight different diets containing following fatty acids: saturated fatty acid (SFA); monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA); n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA); n-3 PUFA; 1:1 n-6/n-3; 5:1 n-6/n-3; 10:1 n-6/n-3; 1:2:1 S/M/P (n-6/n-3 at 1:1). The rats were given a single intraperitoneal injection of methyl-nitrosourea (MNU) at 50 mg/kg body weight to establish the rat model of mammary carcinogenesis, the ultrastructure changes of mammary gland cells in rats were observed by transmission electron microscope, the cell proliferation activity was detected by BrdU-labeled immunocytochemistry, and the expression of PPARbeta and PPARgamma mRNA were assayed by RT-PCR.

RESULTSThere was no breast cancer occurring in control groups and the MNU-treated n-3 PUFA group, and the ultrastructure and proliferation activity of mammary gland cells in these groups were normal. In contrast, there appeared obvious marker of adenocarcinomas in mammary gland cells of MNU-induced breast cancer, and a high cell proliferation activity was found in tumor growth-enhancing groups (SFA, MUFA, n-6 PUFA, 5:1 n-6/n-3, 10:1 n-6/n-3 and S/M/P, 21% - 22% of BrdU-labeled cells), while a low cell proliferation activity was detected in rats fed with 1:1 n-6/n-3 diet (13% of BrdU-labeled cells, P < 0.05). Moreover, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), as important nuclear receptor genes of relating lipid metabolism, the expressions of PPARbeta and PPARgamma mRNA were significantly up-regulated in mammary adipose tissues of MNU-induced breast cancer as compared with the control groups, but the expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in rats fed with 1:1 n-6/n-3 group were lowest (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe different dietary fatty acid compositions should diversely adjust the expression of PPARs gene in rats, which maybe have an important role in affecting incidence of breast cancer.

Animals ; Fatty Acids ; pharmacology ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ; pharmacology ; Fatty Acids, Omega-6 ; pharmacology ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ; pharmacology ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental ; genetics ; PPAR gamma ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective:To explore the clinical features, follow-up characteristics and prognosis of rheumatic disease complicated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in children, and to provide support for its clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of rheumatic 24 patients complicated with PAH hospitalized in the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children′s Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jiangxi Children′s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics Ⅰ, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Department of Pediatrics, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University from January 2013 to June 2022.The rheumatic patients complicated with PAH were followed up by telephone on June 30, 2022, and their clinical symptoms, treatment, follow-up, and prognosis data were collected.According to different treatment methods, the patients were divided into different clinical subgroups. The change of PAH was analyzed. The t-test was used for comparison between groups. P<0.05 was statistically significant. Results:A total of 24 cases were enrolled, with 7 males and 17 females.The average onset age of PAH was (10.97±3.79) years old.The median duration of PAH was 6.00 (32.20) months.The average pulmonary artery pressure was (51.71±17.66) mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa). There were 9 cases of systemic lupus erythematosus, 5 cases of Takayasu′s arteritis, 3 cases of juvenile dermatomyositis, 3 cases of undifferentiated connective tissue disease, 2 cases of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, 1 case of Behcet′s disease, and 1 case of Kawasaki disease.Among 24 cases, the common symptoms were fever (14 cases), fatigue (10 cases) and dyspnea (7 cases). Of the 24 cases, 10 cases were complicated with hydropericardium, 9 cases with valve regurgitation, and 5 cases with decreased systolic and/or diastolic function.Lung changes were observed in 17 cases.Eleven cases were tested for B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), and the BNP levels were all elevated in them (11 cases), with a median BNP of 3 073 (10 645) ng/L.After the first occurrence of PAH, 12 cases were treated with Methylprednisolone therapy, 10 cases received Cyclophosphamide therapy, and 2 cases who were both systemic lupus erythematosus, underwent blood purification.In the treatment of PAH, 11 cases were treated with pulmonary artery pressure reduction, and 7 of the 11 cases took PAH-targeted drugs.The mean decrease of the average pulmonary artery pressure in children receiving the targeted therapy[(44.80±24.08) mmHg] was significant higher than that in children not receiving the targeted therapy [(16.15±17.25) mmHg] ( t=2.661, P=0.016). Twenty children were reexamined and/or followed up, and the average course of PAH at the telephone follow-up was (36.29±26.67) months.The pulmonary arterial hypertension in 6 cases completely recovered, with median recovery time of 8.00 (13.47) months, but 2 of them died after the complete recovery.The pulmonary arterial hypertension improved in 11 children, 1 of whom died and the remaining children were in stable condition.The pulmonary arterial hypertension worsened in 2 children, 1 of them improved previously but aggravated recently, and the other child did not monitor pulmonary artery pressure and died during telephone follow-up. Conclusions:Rheumatic diseases complicated with PAH are rare and most often diagnosed in severe rheumatic children.It can lead to death, and is commonly accompanied by notably elevated BNP levels.The patients who have early PAH detection, intensive treatment of the primary disease, symptomatic and targeted pulmonary artery pressure reduction show a better prognosis.

OBJECTIVETo verify the clinical efficacy on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) treated with electroacupuncture (EA) intervention based on the principle as "promoting the circulation of the Governor Vessel and regulating the marrow" and plan to provide the A-grade evidence of the evidence-based medicine for the clinical treatment of this disease with acupuncture and moxibustion.

METHODSThe multi-center randomized controlled trial (RCT) was adopted. One hundred and ninety-two cases of MCI were randomized into an EA group and a nimodipine group, 96 cases in each one. In the EA group, EA was applied to Shenting (GV 24), Baihui (GV 20), Sishen cong (EX-HN 1) and Fengchi (GB 20), once every other day. In the nimodipine group, Nimodipine was pre scribed for oral administration. Four weeks constituted one course, the treatment of 8 weeks was required. The minimum mental state examination (MMSE) and the graphic recognition test (GRT) were applied before and in the 1st and 2nd session of treatment separately. The follow-up visit of MMSE scale was provided in the 1st, 3rd and 6th months after treatment separately.

RESULTSThe total effective rate was 50.0% (47/94) in the EA group, which was superior to 34.4% (32/93) in the nimodipine group (P < 0.05). At the end of the 1st session treatment, the differences in MMSE total score and the cognitive, memory and speech dimensional scores were not significant statistically between two groups (all P > 0.05). At the end of the 2nd session treatment, the MMSE total score and the cognitive, memory, visual-space skill dimensional scores were improved in comparison before treatment (all P < 0.05). The results in the EA group were superior to those in the nimodipine group (all P < 0.05). But the difference in the speech dimensional score was not significant statistically between the two groups (P > 0.05). In the EA group, the GRT score was improved significantly after 2 sessions of treatment as compared with that before treatment (P < 0.01) and was superior to that in the nimodipine group (P < 0.05). In the 1st, 3rd and 6th month after treatment, the MMSE scale total scores were different significantly in statistics between the two groups (all P < 0.01). The long-term efficacy in the EA group was superior to that in the nimodipine group.

CONCLUSIONBoth of the EA therapy based on the principle as "promoting the circulation of the Governor Vessel and regulating the marrow" and the nimodipine program improve significantly the cognitive function of MCI patients. Compared with the nimodipine program, the EA therapy improves the comprehensive cognitive and the short-term memory abilities much more significantly and is especially advantageous at improving cognitive, memory and visual-space skill dimensions for MCI patients. In the half a year follow-up visit after the end of treatment, the long-term efficacy of EA is better than that of Nimodipine.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cognition ; Cognitive Dysfunction ; psychology ; therapy ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Memory ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo investigate the biological function of RIG-G gene by establishing a cell line stably expressing RIG-G protein.

METHODSEctopic RIG-G gene was transfected into U937 cells by using Tet-off expression system. Changes before and after RIG-G expression were detected for cell growth, cell morphology, cell surface antigen and cell cycle regulating proteins.

RESULTSRIG-G protein arrested the cells at G0/G1 phase and inhibited cell growth by increasing the cell cycle inhibitors P21 and P27. As compared to that in control group, the proportion of cells at G0/G1 phase in RIG-G-expressing cell group increased from (43.9 +/- 5.6)% to (63.9 +/- 2.3)% (P < 0.01). The rate of growth inhibition was (68.7 +/- 0.2)%. In addition, an increase in CD11C expression [(61.3 +/- 1.1)% vs. (18.0 +/- 0.4)% (P < 0.01)] and in cells with morphologic features of partial differentiation (smaller cell size, reduced nucleus-cytoplasm ratio, notched nucleus and coarse chromatin) was also observed in RIG-G-expressing cells.

CONCLUSIONSRIG-G has potential abilities to inhibit cell proliferation and promote cell differentiation.

Cell Cycle ; genetics ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; genetics ; physiology ; Plasmids ; genetics ; Transfection ; U937 Cells

Aim To explore the effect of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related exosomes derived from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells on the M2 polarization of macrophages via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the underlying mechanism. Methods Western blot experiments were conducted to evaluate the GRP78 levels in HCC tissues and HCC cells with or without pre-treatment of tunicamycin and the identification of the isolated exosomes. Immunohistochemical staining was also employed to detect the expression of GRP78 in HCC tissues. Immunofluorescence was used to confirm the effective absorbance of exosomes by macrophages. Flow cytometry ( FCM ) , Western blot and CBA kit were used to detect M2 polarization-asso ciated markers and the expression of TLR4 on macrophages. Affymetrix gene chip and bioinformatics analy-sis were used to screen the differential expression of mRNA in macrophages stimulated by ER stressed-relat- ed exosomes and TLR4 expression. Results In clinical samples, GRP78 expression in liver cancer tissues was higher than that in the adjacent tissues. In cell experiments, tunicamycin (2.5 jxmol • L"1 ) treatment for 24 hours in HCC cells could significantly increase the expression of ER stress marker protein GRP78 compared with control group. Western blot showed that HCC cell-derived exosomes positively expressed exosom- al marker proteins,such as CD63,TSG101 and HSP70, and negatively expressed Calnexin. Interestingly, HSP70-enriched exosomes released by ER-stressed HCC cells were observed. Laser confocal microscopy found that exosomes could be effectively taken up by RAW264.7 macrophages. Flow cytometry and Western blot further indicated that ER stress-related exosomes could significantly up-regulate the expression of CD206, transformed growth factor-beta (TGF-p) and arginase-1 (Arg-1) in macrophages. Meanwhile, these exosomes could promote the secretion of IL-6 and IL- 10,and up-regulate the expression of TLR4 in macrophages. Conclusions ER stressed-HCC cells could promote macrophage M2 polarization by releasing HSP70-enriched exosomes and activating TLR4 signaling.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate whether waist circumference (WC) ≥85 cm is related to asymptomatic preclinical atherosclerosis in women from Shanghai, China.

METHODSA total of 2365 females aged ≥20 years recruited from 4 communities underwent physical examination and carotid artery scanning. Their carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT) was measured.

RESULTSThe C-IMT was significantly higher in overweight or obese women with their BMI ≥25.0 kg/m2(P<0.01) and in those with their WC ≥85 cm than in those with their WC <85 cm (P<0.01). Spearman and partial correlation analysis showed that the C-IMT was significantly correlated with WC which was independent of menopausal status. The C-IMT significantly increased with the increasing WC and reached to a platform in about 85 cm. An increment tendency was found in the subgroup with its WC <85 cm (P<0.01) while no significant tendency was found in the subgroup with its WC≥85 cm (P=0.07).Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the WC was an independent risk factor for C-IMT. In logistic regression model, the odd ratio of WC ≥80 cm, ≥80 cm and <85 cm and ≥85 cm for evaluating the risk of C-IMT elevation was 1.632, 1.501, and 1.878, respectively.

CONCLUSIONWC is significantly correlated with C-IMT in women from Shanghai, China, and WC≥85 cm may be used in identifying the risk of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis.

Adult ; Aged ; Carotid Artery Diseases ; epidemiology ; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness ; China ; epidemiology ; Cities ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Overweight ; epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Waist Circumference

OBJECTIVETo determine the incidence and risk factors on HIV infection among injection drug users (IDU) in Dehong prefecture area of Yunnan province.

METHODSAn epidemiological cohort of HIV-negative IDU had been developed and followed since October, 2004. HIV new infections and related behaviors had been investigated every six months.

RESULTSBy the end of 2008, 760 HIV-negative IDU had been recruited and followed for a total of 1153.6 person-years. 47 new HIV infections were identified, with an overall incidence of 4.07/100 person-years during the follow-up period. The HIV incidence was 4.45/100 person-years during 2004 - 2006, 4.50/100 person-years in 2007 and 2.54/100 person-years in 2008. Both the behavior of drug injection and the HIV incidence among the cohort had substantially decreased during the follow-up period. Multiple regression analysis using Cox proportional hazard model indicated that people with Jing-po ethnicity (Hazard ratio, HR = 2.56, 95%CI: 1.06 - 6.19) and other minorities except for Dai (HR = 3.26, 95%CI: 0.89 - 11.96) were at higher risk for HIV infection than the people with Han ethnicity. People injecting drugs with (HR = 2.27, 95%CI: 0.98 - 5.25) or without (HR = 5.27, 95%CI: 2.25 - 12.34) needle sharing were at higher risk for HIV infection than those reporting having no drug injection behavior during the follow-up period.

CONCLUSIONBoth the behavior of drug injection and the HIV incidence among former IDU in Dehong prefecture area of Yunnan province had been decreasing during the four years. However, needle sharing remained the most important risk factor for HIV new infection among IDUs. IDUs with different ethnicities seemed to have different risks towards HIV infection.

Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Minority Groups ; Needle Sharing ; Risk Factors ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous ; epidemiology