Ohjective To approach the therapeutic methods of urinary fistula after hypospadias urethroplas- ty.Methods Forteen post-hypospadia repair urethral fistula managed between 2000 to 2005 were reviewed.Differ- ent procedures were carried out according to the size and location of orificium fistulae.Results Eleven repairs were successful after one attempt.The success rate was 78% (11/14).Conclusion The procedure of fistula repair should be chosen according to the size,location and regional condition of orificium fistulae.

Purpose: This study sought to understand Taiwanese women’s decisional experiences regarding prenatal screening procedures and diagnostics. Methods: A hermeneutic phenomenological design guided semistructured interviews with 33 women who were 36 weeks pregnant. Data were collected between February and October 2016. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed following hermeneutic circle to cocreate an understanding of Taiwanese women’s decision-making in prenatal screening and diagnostics. Results: Women’s existential experiences were derived from their decision-making process on prenatal screening procedures and diagnostics for chromosomal aneuploidy. These decisional experiences were captured by four theme clusters and eight themes, which were inductively derived from 16 meaning units: (1) accessing health information; (2) considering what was best for my baby; (3) considering family finance; and (4) feeling anxiety posttest. Conclusion Participants made informed choices on several prenatal screening procedures, ostensibly, based on their personal values and considerations. During the decision-making process, often-cited benefits of genetic screenings were emphasized, but test limitations were often unheeded. A fundamental need for supportive information in decision making was further identified with recommended strategies. Hence, a revision of traditional genetic counseling approaches is recommended. As genomics technologies are increasingly available during antenatal services, women should be sufficiently educated about them to support decision making.

Purpose: This study sought to understand Taiwanese women’s decisional experiences regarding prenatal screening procedures and diagnostics. Methods: A hermeneutic phenomenological design guided semistructured interviews with 33 women who were 36 weeks pregnant. Data were collected between February and October 2016. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed following hermeneutic circle to cocreate an understanding of Taiwanese women’s decision-making in prenatal screening and diagnostics. Results: Women’s existential experiences were derived from their decision-making process on prenatal screening procedures and diagnostics for chromosomal aneuploidy. These decisional experiences were captured by four theme clusters and eight themes, which were inductively derived from 16 meaning units: (1) accessing health information; (2) considering what was best for my baby; (3) considering family finance; and (4) feeling anxiety posttest. Conclusion Participants made informed choices on several prenatal screening procedures, ostensibly, based on their personal values and considerations. During the decision-making process, often-cited benefits of genetic screenings were emphasized, but test limitations were often unheeded. A fundamental need for supportive information in decision making was further identified with recommended strategies. Hence, a revision of traditional genetic counseling approaches is recommended. As genomics technologies are increasingly available during antenatal services, women should be sufficiently educated about them to support decision making.

OBJECTIVETo compare the effectiveness of immunofluorescence and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in detecting human papilloma virus (HPV) in condyloma acuminata (CA).

METHODSHPVs in CA tissues from 60 patients were detected by immunofluorescence and PCR, respectively. Different subtypes of HPVs were also identified with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).

RESULTSThe positive detective rates of immunofluorescence and PCR were 56.67% (34/60) and 96.67% (58/ 60), respectively (P < 0.01). RFLP results showed HPV6 and HPV11 were the main subtypes in the detected virus, which accounted for 98.28%.

CONCLUSIONThe sensibility of PCR is superior to that of immunofluorescence.

Condylomata Acuminata ; virology ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 11 ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Human papillomavirus 6 ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Male ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between the infection of human papillomavirus (HPV) and external genital squamous cell carcinoma in situ.

METHODSHPV DNA was detected with the consensus primer by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and its type was determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).

RESULTSHPV DNA was detected and HPV16 was the most frequently identified type in 29 (56.9%) of 51 cases of external genital squamous cell carcinoma in situ. HPV DNA was positive in 22 (55%) of 40 cases of bowenoid papulosis, among which 20 were of HPV16 type, one of HPV31 type, and one of HPV6 + 16 type. HPV DNA was positive in all 5 cases (100%) of Bowen's disease, among which 4 were HPV16 type and one of HPV6 + 16 type. HPV DNA was positive in 2 (33.3%) of 6 Queyrat erythroplasia cases and all were of HPV16 type.

CONCLUSIONHPV16 infection is strongly associated with the external genital squamous cell carcinoma in situ including bowenoid papulosis, Bowen's disease, and Queyrat erythroplasia.

Adult ; Aged ; Bowen's Disease ; virology ; Carcinoma in Situ ; virology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; virology ; DNA Probes, HPV ; DNA, Viral ; analysis ; Erythroplasia ; virology ; Female ; Genital Neoplasms, Female ; virology ; Genital Neoplasms, Male ; virology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Papillomaviridae ; isolation & purification ; Papillomavirus Infections ; virology ; Penile Neoplasms ; virology ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Tumor Virus Infections ; virology ; Vulvar Neoplasms ; virology

Objective To explore whether metformin preconditioning can protect brain injury after cardiac arrest/cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CA/CPR)and its possible mechanisms and signaling pathways.Methods Constructed a CA model by using electrical stimulation.Rats were randomly divided into the sham group(0.9％NaCl gavage daily for 14 days,without inducing CA),model group(CA model was induced after 0.9％NaCl gavage daily for 14 days),experimental group(CA model was induced after 200 mg·kg-1 Met+0.9％NaCl gavage daily for 14 days),Cc group[200 mg·kg-1 Met+0.9％NaCl gavage daily for 14 days,adenosine 5'-monophosphate kinase-activated protein(AMPK)inhibitor Compoud C(Cc)was injected intraperitoneally at 1 hour before modeling],chloroquine(CQ)group(daily 200 mg·kg-1 Met+0.9％NaCl gavage for 14 days,intraperitoneal injection of autophagy inhibitor CQ at 1 hour before modeling)and AICAR group(continuous daily 200 mg·kg-1 Met+0.9％NaCl gavage for 14 days,intraperitoneal injection of AMPK agonist AICAR at 1 hour before modeling).The 7-day survival rate after CA/CPR via using survival curves was recorded;the neurological function 7-days after CA/CPR was scored by using the neurological disability scale;the protein malondialdehyde(MDA)level were measured using the Coomassie Brilliant Blue method;detection of reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels in brain tissue by using ROS fluorescent probe DHE;Western blotting was used to determine the expression levels of related proteins such as AMPK,p-AMPK,microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 Ⅰ(LC3 Ⅰ),LC3 Ⅱ,and p62 in brain tissue.Results The 7-day survival rates of sham,model,experimental,Cc,CQ and AICAR groups rats were 100％,40％,70％,40％,40％and 65％,respectively;the 7-day neurological function scores were 78.35±1.65,46.50±4.41,67.93±4.64,49.50±3.53,52.00±2.83 and 68.33±1.53,respectively;the ROS levels were(417.60±8.37),(748.60±36.05),(575.80±10.73),(713.80±18.85),(668.20±9.58)and(566.00±24.48)U·mg-1,respectively;the MDA levels were(4.38±0.33),(8.06±0.76),(5.50±0.48),(7.18±0.29),(6.82±0.31)and(5.20±0.34)nmol·mg-1,respectively;the brain tissue p-AMPK/AMPK were 0.74±0.04,0.87±0.01,1.61±0.01,0.55±0.05,1.09±0.09 and 1.27±0.07,respectively;the p62 values were 0.42±0.02,0.86±0.05,0.61±0.04,0.98±0.04 and 0.78±0.03,respectively;the LC3 Ⅱ/LC3 1 were 0.29±0.32,0.37±0.26,0.96±0.78,0.58±0.26,0.43±0.03 and 1.40±0.10,respectively.Compared with the model group,the differences of above indexes in the experimental group,AICAR group were statistically significant(all P＜0.05);compared with the experimental group,the differences of above indexes in the Cc group,CQ group were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Metformin preconditioning can play a protective role in brain injury after cardiac arrest/cardiopulmonary resuscitationin in rats by activating the AMPK signaling pathway,regulating mitochondrial energy metabolism and promoting autophagy.

OBJECTIVETo observe and compare the clinical effect of Dingweiban and Xieban manipulation, and to compare the change of the deviation of spinous processes between two methods.

METHODSOne hundred and twenty-two cases were divided into two groups. Sixty-two cases were treated with Dingweiban manipulation method and 60 cases by Xieban manipulation. The changes of Fairbank scores, the clinical effects and the difference of the deviation of the spinous processes (L3, L4, L5) from the lumbar posterior-anterior X-ray were compared.

RESULTSThe scores before and after treatment and 3 months after treatment were compared. There were significant differences between two groups (P < 0.05) by nonparametric test. The result of Dingweiban manipulation group: 53 cases cured, 5 cases better, 3 cases effective and 1 case no effect. The result of clinical Xieban manipulation group: 43 cases cured, 6 cases better, 7 cases effective and 4 cases no effect. The clinical effects had significant differences after treatment and 3 months after treatment (P < 0.05, P < 0.0l) by nonparametric test. After the first treating, there was clear difference of the deviations' distance of the L4 spinous process compared with the Xieban manipulation group (P < 0.05). After the last treating, there were clear differences of the deviation distance of the L4 and L5 spinous processes compared with the Xieban manipulation group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONDingweiban manipulation is better than Xieban manipulation in effects and has influence on the deviation of spinous processes, especially for the L5 spinous process.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; therapy ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Male ; Manipulation, Spinal ; methods ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics of primary nasopharyngeal adenoid cystic carcinoma (NPACC) and its relation to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in Guangzhou where is a high-incidence area of EBV-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

METHODS17 cases of NPACC with clinical record and biopsy samples were collected in Guangzhou and their clinical manifestations were reviewed. Besides HE, Alcian blue and PAS, LSAB immunohistochemistry was performed for detecting the expression of a variety of epithelial markers, CD21 and EBV encoded LMP1. EBV encoded early RNAs (EBER) was detected by using in-situ hybridization. Nested PCR was applied for studying the presence of EBV W-fragment in tissues.

RESULTSThe ratio of male to female was 7:10. The patients' age ranged from 30 to 63 years, and the median age was 46 years. 14 out of 17 tumors showed markedly local aggressive growth, presenting as T3 or T4. However, only 1 patient had metastasis of an ipsilateral cervical lymph node. The majority of neoplastic cells were basal-cell like in shape and with scanty cytoplasm and a deeply stained nucleus. Intercellular hyaline or mucinous substance was always present in between the carcinoma cells. Cribriform structure formed by the neoplastic cells could be found in 16 out of these 17 biopsies. The NPACC always express the wide-spectrum cytokeratin and the epithelium membrane antigen. Only a few or a small number of carcinoma cells showed nuclear EBER-signals in 9 cases (9/17). Concurrently, these 9 NPACCs showed a 192 bp W-fragment positive band on electrophoresis gel by nested PCR. LMP1 expression had been found in 5 out of the 9 NPACCs (55.6%) accompanying with EBER-positive carcinoma cells. The EBER-positive infiltrating lymphocytes could also be found in the stroma of 3 out of the 9 EBER-stained NPACC slides. All the tumor cells, including the EBER-positive cell of the 17 NPACCs showed no CD21 expression.

CONCLUSIONSThe female is predominant over the male in development of NPACC, which often accompanied with a markedly invasive capacity at the nasopharynx and its neighboring sites. Only a small number of tumor cells, nearly a half of the studied cases were infected with EBV. Therefore, it's postulated that there seems no close relation present between NPACC and EBV infection.

Adult ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ; etiology ; pathology ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; complications ; Female ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; etiology ; pathology ; RNA, Viral ; analysis ; Viral Matrix Proteins ; analysis

The effects of human insulin 70/30 and insulin lispro 75/25 were compared in improving postprandial blood glucose excursions in 106 patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes in a one-month,open-labelled,self- controlled trial .The results showed that treatment of diabetic patients with insulin lispro 75/25 significantly improved 2 h postprandial blood glucose excursion compared to pre-study with human insulin 70/30 (baseline) without any significant adverse events or sustained hypoglycemic episodes.These physiological benefits were associated with a patient preference for insulin lispro 75/25.

Except the complete literature of , Tianhui medical slips unearthed in Chengdu also include a part of literature document on meridian, which was seriously damaged. Both of them were found in the same box together with . The title of the document chapter was not found in the residual medical slips. By investigated the textual content, it was discovered that such medical slips were different from the Mawangdui silk books, i.e. and , of Zhangjiashan bamboo slips of Han Dynasty, as well as in Tianhui medical slips. But, the sentences in description are similar to the sentences of in (), therefore, this residual slips was named as () by the collator. In the paper, by the comparison of this residual slip chapter with the unearthed literature document on meridian as well as in , the origin and evolution of meridian theory of traditional Chinese medicine in the Qin and Han dynasties were explained. By taking it as an example, the construction process of classical theory of traditional Chinese medicine was explored.
Acupuncture ; history ; Books ; China ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Meridians