Animals ; Habenula ; cytology ; drug effects ; Male ; Microelectrodes ; Neurons ; drug effects ; physiology ; Pain ; Pregnanolone ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Chemical investigation of the whole plants of Valeriana hardwickii has led to the isolation of 11 flavones and 2 monoterpe- noids by using various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20, preparative TLC, and preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic data analysis as syzalterin (1), 6-methylapigenin (2), 5-hydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxyflavone (3), genkwanin (4), acacetin (5), apigenin (6), quercetin (7), tricin (8), (-)-farrerol (9), sosakuranetin (10), 5,3',4'-trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone (11), (-)-bornyl ferulate ( 12) , and (-)-bornyl caffeate ( 13). All compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time, while compounds 1, 9-13 were obtained from this genus for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Valerian ; chemistry

Transglutaminase(TGase) is a calcium dependent enzyme that catalyse and acyl transfer reaction forming epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)-lysine cross linkage. the major known effect of TGase is its important role in the programmed cell death manifested in the granular layer of the skin and acidophilic bodies in the viral hepatitis and neoplastic processes. The enzyme activity, immunohistochemical reaction using polyclonal antibodies against cytosolic TGase C, light and electron microscopic studies and TdT staining of the transplanted fibrosarcoma cells in C3H mouse with radiation therapy were done. The presence of TGase was detected immunohistochemically by avidin-biotin peroxidase complex (ABC) method Apoptosis were significantly induced after irradiation dependent with time factors and irradiation doses, resulted in marked and confluent tumor cell loss. Highest activity of the cytosolic form of TGase was noted at 24 hours and decrease after then while membrane bounded form of the TGase showed no significant changes. Immunohistochemical staining revealed strong positive reaction in the sarcoma cells in diffuse fasion and around the necrotic foci in the cytoplasm. Terminal dideoxynucleotidyl transferase(TdT) staining revealed increasing numbers of apotptic cells from two hours after irradiation. In the mechanism of decreasing tumor size and cell death in radiation therapy, apoptosis plays an important role and during that process transglutaminse might do some irreversible cross-linking effects of cytoplasmic proteins causing cell death in part.
Mice ; Animals

No abstract available.
Female ; Mosaicism* ; Ovary*

No abstract available.
Obstetrics*

Objective To investigate the development of ultrastructure in grafts from a xenograft model of human hemangioma on nude mice.Methods Human infantile hemangioma tissue was obtained in surgery and planted into subcutaneous layer of nude mice in small pieces.The grafts were harvested on the 2~(nd),5~(th),15~(th),30~(th),45~(th) day and then at 2~(nd),3~(rd),4~(th),6~(th) month for transmission electron microscopic view.Results In early stage after transplantation,signs of degeneration and necrosis were more evident.On the 30~(th) day,the number of endothelial cells increased and some of the endothelial cells were larger in size with high nuclear to plasm ratio.At the 2~(nd) month,the number of endothelial cells increased,while some of these cells turned flat.Later,high endothelial cells decreased in number and collapse and pyknosis of plasm,formation of secondary lysosome,margination of chromatin,fragmentation of nucleus were evident with surrounding deposition of adipose and collagen.Conclusions With xenotransplantation of human infantile hemangioma tissue onto nude mice,the grafts may survive ischemia and proliferate,and then gradually involute.The development resembles a natural course of human infantile hemangioma.

An age-dependent cellular change of DNA contents in the testis of Sprague-Dawley rats was investigated by flow-cytometric method. Testicular cell suspensions at the age of 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 16 and 26 weeks were prepared and stained with propidium iodide. The relative proportions in the number of mature and immature haploid (1n), diploid (2n), S-phase and tetraploid (4n) cells were calculated. The proportion in the number of mature haploid cells was sharply increased to the age of 10 weeks (about 38%), thereafter increased slightly to the level of 42% at the age of 26 weeks. The proportion of immature haploid cells was dramatically increased to the age of 6 weeks, then maintained at the level of 20 to 30% thereafter. The proportion of diploid cells was 64% at the age of 4 weeks, then decreased gradually through the age of 26 weeks. The proportion of S-phase cells was increased to the age of 4 weeks, then maintained at a plateau level to the age of 26 weeks. The proportion of tetraploid cells were about 26% at the age of 4 weeks, then decreased gradually to the age of 26 weeks. These results suggest that the proportions of testicular cells may depend on the age of the rat and that the flow cytometric method may be useful in the evaluation of the spermatogenic status with regard to accuracy and sensitivity.
Animals ; DNA/*analysis/genetics ; Diploidy ; Flow Cytometry/methods/veterinary ; Haploidy ; Male ; Rats ; Spermatogenesis ; Testis/chemistry/*growth & development

AIMTo investigate the sweat regulation mechanism of human body.

METHODSArm muscular work was performed on bicycle ergometer by eight healthy male subjects on 20 W and 40 W work loads lasting 10 min or 20 min in 16 degrees C and 21 degrees C ambient temperature. Sweat, metabolic rate and corresponding skin and core temperature changes were measured during different periods.

RESULTSSweat varied directly with ambient temperature and there were the corresponding changes in mean skin temperature, rectal temperature and metabolic rate. And when the work load was elevated, the skin temperature at chest and metabolic rate increased as sweat increased. There were no differences in the physiological indices between 20 W 20 min and 20 W 10 min, but mean skin temperature and sweat rate during 40 W 20 min work were higher than 40 W 10 min while metabolic rate did not change. The time when chest temperature arrived at the threshold was in correspondence with obvious sweat onset. Both local skin temperature at chest and metabolic rate were significantly correlated with sweat, but the latter was stronger. The regression equation relating metabolic rate and sweat rate was compound function.

CONCLUSIONSkin temperature was important for sweat onset, and the sweat predicted model based on the metabolic rate or ambient temperature was more suitable and practical.

Adult ; Body Temperature Regulation ; physiology ; Energy Metabolism ; Environment ; Humans ; Male ; Sweating ; physiology ; Temperature

To investigate the change in upper eyelid position after cataract operation, We studied 40 eyes of 40 patients prospectively who underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. Levator function and vertical palpebral lid fissure height were measured preoperatively and at postoperative day 1, 7, 28 and 56 in and the surgical and the fellow eyes. Postoperative mean vertical lid fissure height decreased compared with preoperative mean vertical lid fissure height in both eyes. The postoperative decrease in vertical lid fissure height tended to decrease with times and these trends had statistically significant correlation between both eyes. This suggests that both eyes are affected by factors unassociated with the cataract surgery and it is most apparent in the immediate postoperative period. In conclusion, we recommend not only the surgical eye but the fellow eye should be evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively to understand the eyelid position after cataract operation.
Cataract* ; Eyelids ; Humans ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; Phacoemulsification ; Postoperative Period ; Prospective Studies

Confocal scanning laser flowmetry(HRF: Heidelberg Retina Flowmetry) is a new kind of instrument which enables non-invasive two-dimentional mapping of perfusion of the retina and optic disc and to evaluate the clinically available reproducibility of the peripapillary and retinal perfusion measurement with the confocal scanning laser flowmetry, the authors calculate the coefficient of variation (CV) from the parameters(volume, flow, velocity). The authors indicate two region of interest in the peripapillary region and retina, not overlapping the large vessels and measure the parameters three times consecutively(one session) while visiting three times intervalled(three session), thereafter calculate the mean CV of parameters in ten healthy eyes of ten subject. The CV of parameters obtained with the confocal scanning laser flowmetry was low relatively and therefore reproducibility was high as the CV lower, the reproducibility higher. Comparing the CV between one session and three session measurement to know the clinically available measurement frequency, the CV of three session (volume 13%, flow 16.7%, velocity 16%) was lower than the CV of one session (volume 16.7%, flow 20.7%, velocity 20.1%) in the peripapillary region(Students t test; volume p=0.009, flow p=0.03, velocity p=0.016) and the CV of three session (volume 16.7%, flow 20.7%, velocity 17%) was lower than the CV of one session (volume 18.2%, flow 21.8%, velocity 21.7%) in the retina(Students t test; volume p=0.017, flow p=0.0009, velocity p=0.0004). Above the results, the CV of parameters(13~21.8%) in one and three session had relatively high reproducibility. Also the CV between two measurements had a difference statistically but the difference was not so high, the authors concluded the confocal scanning laser flowmetry which have high resolution measure the peripapillary region and retina reproduciblly with only one time visit, three consecutive measurements.
Perfusion* ; Retina ; Retinaldehyde* ; Rheology*